CN112605397A - In-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents
In-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112605397A CN112605397A CN202011489947.5A CN202011489947A CN112605397A CN 112605397 A CN112605397 A CN 112605397A CN 202011489947 A CN202011489947 A CN 202011489947A CN 112605397 A CN112605397 A CN 112605397A
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- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: A. carrying out layered slicing on the part digifax, dividing corresponding forming tracks, and importing program codes into corresponding forming motion execution mechanisms; B. selecting alloy powder and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying; C. polishing the formed substrate, and cleaning the surface of the substrate by using acetone; D. melting the aluminum alloy wire by adopting an electric arc heat source generated by a welding machine to form a deposition layer on the substrate; E. uniformly placing the alloying powder on the surface of the formed layer, and then rolling the formed layer with the preset powder by using a roller which is also loaded on a forming motion actuating mechanism to uniformly embed the alloying powder into the surface of the formed layer; F. and E, alternately repeating the step D and the step E until the last layer of formed part is finished, so that the preset alloy powder is uniformly distributed in the whole formed part under the action of molten pool convection, and the in-situ alloying of the electric arc additive manufacturing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an in-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing.
Background
The electric arc additive manufacturing technology is a method for melting a welding wire by adopting an electric arc as a heat source and forming a three-dimensional solid part in a layer-by-layer cladding and accumulation mode under the control of a program. Compared with the additive manufacturing technology using high-energy beams such as laser beams and electron beams as heat sources, the electric arc additive manufacturing has the advantages of high forming efficiency, low equipment and raw material cost, high material utilization rate and the like, and can be used for forming and manufacturing large-size complex parts.
However, the wire components on the market are mainly proportioned for the welding process at present, the adaptability of the wire components to the arc additive process is poor, and the types of the wires are limited. At present, electric arc additive manufacturing mainly relies on adding fixed kinds of alloy wires. Although the existing twin-wire feeding technology can regulate and control the components of the formed part to a certain extent, the regulation and control range of the components is limited, and the application of the twin-wire feeding technology in the electric arc additive manufacturing technology is limited. The in-situ alloying method can realize the large-range regulation and control of the alloy components of the electric arc additive manufacturing formed part, more flexibly add different alloy components and further realize different performance requirements of the formed part.
At present, the prior patent technical documents for realizing the in-situ alloying method for the electric arc additive manufacturing mainly comprise: the invention patent document with the publication number of CN110004398A discloses an electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying device and method for feeding powder by alternative fuses. In addition, the invention patent document with the publication number of CN110629218A discloses a high-entropy alloy fine grain in-situ additive manufacturing method, which combines a cold spraying process and an electric arc additive manufacturing process, adopts high-entropy alloy powder matched with a high-entropy alloy welding wire to realize in-situ alloying of high-entropy alloy electric arc additive manufacturing, and realizes the regulation and control of the structure and the components of the high-entropy alloy. However, the process needs to add an additional cold spraying device, and the cold spraying only impacts the surface of the deposition layer through high-speed gas jet, so that powder particles cannot be effectively embedded into the surface of the forming layer, and are easy to fall off, thereby influencing the accurate addition of alloying elements into the forming piece.
In addition, the device and the method adopting the synchronous feeding of the wire powder are effective measures for realizing the in-situ alloying of the electric arc additive, and the main processes comprise the modes of the coaxial feeding of the wire powder, the paraxial feeding of the powder and the like. The invention patent No. CN201910361072.1 discloses a method for manufacturing MIG electric arc additive of gradient titanium alloy with boron element in-situ strengthening, which realizes in-situ alloying strengthening of titanium alloy by boron element through a mode of synchronously feeding wire and powder. The patent with publication number CN108500266A discloses a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and system, which also realizes the in-situ alloying of arc additive manufacturing by the synchronous powder feeding process. However, in the synchronous wire powder feeding process, the powder feeding needs airflow as a carrier, and the stability of the electric arc is affected while the alloy powder is fed, so that the stability of the integral forming process and the quality of a formed piece are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention makes up the defects of the prior art and provides an in-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses an in-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out layered slicing on the part digifax, dividing corresponding forming tracks, and importing program codes into corresponding forming motion execution mechanisms;
B. selecting alloy powder and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
C. polishing the formed substrate, and cleaning the surface of the substrate by using acetone;
D. melting the aluminum alloy wire by adopting an electric arc heat source generated by a welding machine to form a deposition layer on the substrate;
E. uniformly placing the alloying powder on the surface of the formed layer, and then rolling the formed layer with the preset powder by using a roller which is also loaded on a forming motion actuating mechanism to uniformly embed the alloying powder into the surface of the formed layer;
F. and E, alternately repeating the step D and the step E until the last layer of formed part is finished, so that the preset alloy powder is uniformly distributed in the whole formed part under the action of molten pool convection, and the in-situ alloying of the electric arc additive manufacturing is realized.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the welding process in the in-situ alloying uses Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding.
As another preferable scheme of the invention, the alloy powder with the granularity of 20-50 μm selected in the step B is dried in a vacuum drying oven for 2 hours at the drying temperature of 120 ℃.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming motion actuator is a six-axis articulated robot or a three-coordinate machine tool.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the welding machine adopts an arc fuse welding gun, the arc fuse welding gun and the roller are simultaneously fixed at the tail end of the motion actuating mechanism through a fixture, and the welding gun for fuse forming and the roller for interlayer rolling are alternately replaced through a position changing mechanism.
As another preferable scheme of the invention, a rectangular wave short side swing forming mode is adopted in the forming process.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the layer height of the shaped part is 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects.
1. By the rolling method, in-situ presetting of alloy powder can be realized, and alloying of an arc additive manufacturing formed piece can be realized to the greatest extent.
2. The roller of the invention can uniformly embed the preset powder into the surface of the forming layer, and the applied rolling force can introduce the compressive stress into the forming layer, thereby improving the surface smoothness and realizing the refinement of the grain structure of the forming piece through deformation recrystallization.
3. The invention can realize the effective addition of the alloy powder into the formed piece, does not influence the stability of the forming process, and has the advantages of simple operation and low equipment cost.
Drawings
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc additive deposition manufacturing process.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the welding device comprises a workbench, 2. a forming substrate, 3. a formed layer, 4. a molten pool, 5. a protective gas, 6. a welding wire and 7. an arc fuse welding gun.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of in-situ alloying by powder pre-placement and rolling between layers.
The labels in the figure are: 8. rolling roller, 9, preset layer of alloy powder and 10, rolling layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1.
An electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out layered slicing on the part digifax, dividing corresponding forming tracks, and importing program codes into corresponding forming motion execution mechanisms;
B. selecting alloy powder and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
C. polishing the formed substrate, and cleaning the surface of the substrate by using acetone;
D. melting the aluminum alloy wire by adopting an electric arc heat source generated by a welding machine to form a deposition layer on the substrate;
E. uniformly placing the alloying powder on the surface of the formed layer, and then rolling the formed layer with the preset powder by using a roller which is also loaded on a forming motion actuating mechanism to uniformly embed the alloying powder into the surface of the formed layer;
F. and E, alternately repeating the step D and the step E until the last layer of formed part is finished, so that the preset alloy powder is uniformly distributed in the whole formed part under the action of molten pool convection, and the in-situ alloying of the electric arc additive manufacturing is realized.
The welding process in the in-situ alloying adopts Metal Inert Gas (MIG) or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG); b, placing the alloy powder with the granularity of 20-50 mu m selected in the step B in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 2 hours at the drying temperature of 120 ℃; the forming motion actuating mechanism adopts a six-axis joint robot or a three-coordinate machine tool; the welding machine adopts an arc fuse welding gun, the arc fuse welding gun and the roller are simultaneously fixed at the tail end of the motion actuating mechanism through a fixture, and the welding gun for fuse forming and the roller for interlayer rolling are alternately replaced through the displacement mechanism; a rectangular wave short edge swing forming mode is adopted in the forming process; the layer height of the forming piece is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Example 2.
A. Firstly, selecting an aluminum alloy substrate with the mark number of 5051 as a forming substrate, presetting through holes on the periphery of the aluminum alloy substrate, and clamping and fixing the aluminum alloy substrate on a workbench through bolts; polishing the surface of the substrate by using abrasive paper, and cleaning the surface of the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone; and preheating the substrate by adopting a preheating platform to ensure that the preheating temperature of the substrate reaches 200 ℃.
B. Selecting niobium powder with the diameter of 10-30 mu m, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 120 min; uniformly mixing niobium powder and absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the volume ratio of the niobium powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 5, stirring the mixture by a glass rod to form a suspension.
C. Taking a formed aluminum alloy thin-wall structure as an example, carrying out layered slicing on part models and generating an electric arc additive manufacturing track, wherein a motion execution mechanism adopted is a six-axis joint robot; the arc fuse welding gun and the roller are fixed at the position of the robot arm through a special clamp, and the arc fuse welding gun is alternately switched between the rollers through a position changing mechanism; the welding wire is a wire material with the mark number of 5B 06; forming the aluminum alloy part in a CMT mode in an integrated welding mode, wherein a forming track adopts a rectangular wave short edge swinging mode, and forming parameters are set as follows: the wire feeding speed is 8m/min, the welding speed is 18mm/s, the swing distance is 2.5mm, the swing width is 10mm, the flow of argon protective gas is 20L/min, and the total length of the formed aluminum alloy thin-wall structure is 150 mm.
D. Firstly, forming a first priming layer on a forming substrate; after the forming is finished, mixed liquor of the mixed niobium powder and absolute ethyl alcohol is pre-arranged on the surface of the formed layer, so that the content of the niobium powder in the formed piece is 0.6%. It is to be noted that, in order to allow the anhydrous ethanol used for mixing the niobium powder to be rapidly volatilized, the interlayer temperature of the molding should be controlled to be 80 ℃ or higher.
E. The roller is switched to the position above the starting point of the forming layer by adopting a position changing mechanism, the roller is pressed down by a robot arm to generate roller pressure between the formed layers, rolling movement is carried out along the length direction of the thin-wall forming piece, and the alloy powder preset on the surface of the forming layer is uniformly embedded into the surface of the forming layer; and after rolling is finished, switching the welding gun to the position above the forming layer through the position changing mechanism, starting the deposition of the next layer, alternately performing the forming deposition-powder presetting-rolling process, and finally finishing the in-situ alloying of the whole forming piece.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention, the technical solutions according to the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, with equivalent substitutions or changes.
Claims (7)
1. An in-situ alloying method for electric arc additive manufacturing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. carrying out layered slicing on the part digifax, dividing corresponding forming tracks, and importing program codes into corresponding forming motion execution mechanisms;
B. selecting alloy powder and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying;
C. polishing the formed substrate, and cleaning the surface of the substrate by using acetone;
D. melting the aluminum alloy wire by adopting an electric arc heat source generated by a welding machine to form a deposition layer on the substrate;
E. uniformly placing the alloying powder on the surface of the formed layer, and then rolling the formed layer with the preset powder by using a roller which is also loaded on a forming motion actuating mechanism to uniformly embed the alloying powder into the surface of the formed layer;
F. and E, alternately repeating the step D and the step E until the last layer of formed part is finished, so that the preset alloy powder is uniformly distributed in the whole formed part under the action of molten pool convection, and the in-situ alloying of the electric arc additive manufacturing is realized.
2. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: the welding process in-situ alloying adopts Metal Inert Gas (MIG) or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG).
3. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: and B, placing the alloy powder with the granularity of 20-50 mu m selected in the step B in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 2 hours at the drying temperature of 120 ℃.
4. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: the forming motion actuating mechanism adopts a six-axis joint robot or a three-coordinate machine tool.
5. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: the welding machine adopts an arc fuse welding gun, the arc fuse welding gun and the roller are simultaneously fixed at the tail end of the movement executing mechanism through a fixture, and the welding gun for fuse forming and the roller for interlayer rolling are alternately replaced through the displacement mechanism.
6. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: in the forming process, a rectangular wave short edge swing forming mode is adopted.
7. The electric arc additive manufacturing in-situ alloying method of claim 1, wherein: the layer height of the forming piece is 1.5-2.5 mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113600978A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-05 | 湘潭大学 | Integrated forming method for improving strength and wear resistance based on electric arc additive manufacturing |
| CN113942014A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-18 | 北京华航唯实机器人科技股份有限公司 | Trajectory generation method, trajectory generation device, robot apparatus, and storage medium |
| CN114505559A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Cold metal transition arc additive manufacturing method of thin-wall 5087 aluminum alloy component |
| CN115570150A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for near-net-shape forming of metal component through powder additive rolling |
| CN115889941A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-04-04 | 吉林大学 | Multi-material powder feeding auxiliary arc fuse additive manufacturing method and system |
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| CN115570150A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for near-net-shape forming of metal component through powder additive rolling |
| CN115889941A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-04-04 | 吉林大学 | Multi-material powder feeding auxiliary arc fuse additive manufacturing method and system |
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Application publication date: 20210406 |