CN111215898A - Electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device and method - Google Patents
Electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111215898A CN111215898A CN201911029679.6A CN201911029679A CN111215898A CN 111215898 A CN111215898 A CN 111215898A CN 201911029679 A CN201911029679 A CN 201911029679A CN 111215898 A CN111215898 A CN 111215898A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling composite processing device and a method, belonging to the technical field of 3D printing, wherein the composite processing device is mainly divided into an additive manufacturing device, an ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device and a liquid nitrogen cooling device, wherein in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, an ultrasonic vibration special-shaped roller is added, and the appearance of the roller is designed into special-shaped wheels with three different modes, namely a dot matrix special-shaped roller, a spiral special-shaped roller and an oblique gear special-shaped roller according to the forming characteristics of electric arc additive manufacturing; the device adopts ultrasonic impact, and simultaneously adopts the ultrasonic impact special-shaped roller and the liquid nitrogen cooling device, and the processing method of the device can reduce the internal air holes of the electric arc additive manufacturing formed part, reduce the influence of heat accumulation and refine crystal grains so as to improve the mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to an electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device and method.
Background
In the traditional additive manufacturing technology, a computer is used as an assistant, a wire feeding or powder laying mode is adopted, and a high-temperature heat source generated by a high-energy light beam (laser, electric arc, plasma and the like) is used for changing raw materials into a molten state so as to realize layer-by-layer deposition, so that the aims of no mould and rapid part forming are achieved. Compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, the electric arc additive has the advantages of low cost, high deposition efficiency, unlimited forming size and the like, and has wide application prospect in manufacturing large-size structural members. However, the existing arc additive manufacturing technology still has great defects in the aspects of shape control and controllability of metal forming. The electric arc additive manufacturing is a processing mode of stacking layer by layer, and due to the heat accumulation effect in the processing process, a certain temperature gradient is generated at a part formed in advance, so that residual stress is generated inside the part, the formed part is warped, internal crystal grains are coarsened, air holes are increased, and the integral mechanical property is reduced. Therefore, if the product can be processed in time in the forming process, the mechanical property of the product can be expected to be greatly improved, and the manufacturing precision of the product is further improved.
Rolling is used as a plastic processing technology, pressure is applied to the surface of metal through a roller, so that the material is subjected to plastic deformation, and the roughness of the surface of a deposition layer in the electric arc additive manufacturing process can be obviously reduced; meanwhile, the thick columnar crystal columns can be damaged, the surface strength and hardness of the material are improved, and a large amount of deformation energy is accumulated in the material. In the deposition process of the next layer, when the heat of electric arc deposition reaches the recrystallization temperature, the material is induced to recrystallize, and crystal grains are refined, so that the mechanical property of the material is improved, and the anisotropy is improved. Meanwhile, for materials with different properties, the influence caused by rolling is different, the plastic deformation capability of some metals is poor, and the grains cannot be completely crushed during processing, so that higher requirements on the load capacity of equipment are required.
CN109623100A describes a composite manufacturing method and device of electric arc additive and electric auxiliary ultrasonic impact reinforcement, which adopts ultrasonic impact reinforcement, and the main driving energy of the ultrasonic impact treatment technology is high-power ultrasound. The piezoelectric ceramic magnetostrictive transducer mainly utilizes piezoelectric ceramic and a magnetostrictive transducer to effectively convert electric energy into mechanical energy. After amplitude variation energy accumulation, impact collision is carried out on the welding surface, local plastic deformation is formed on the surface of the material, the residual stress of welding is effectively reduced, the deformation of a welding toe is reduced, and the main fatigue resistance performance of the welding toe is improved. Ultrasonic surface peening techniques that ultrasonically vibrate driven the symptoms may also be referred to as ultrasonic impact treatment techniques, while ultrasonic surface peening techniques that ultrasonically vibrate driven the pellets may also be referred to as ultrasonic shot peening techniques. In the electric arc additive manufacturing process, crystal grains can be effectively refined, bubbles in metal are discharged, residual stress is reduced, and the mechanical property of the material is improved. However, when the molten metal just cooled is hammered upward, the metal is easily displaced to both sides, and the shape of the metal is not easily controlled. The rapid cooling device is not adopted, so that the metal can not be rapidly cooled, better performance is kept, the molten metal has strong fluidity, if the rapid cooling is not carried out, the uncertainty of the metal flow direction in the molten state can cause the shape and the design of a finished product to come in and go out, and the forming precision is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a device and a method for synchronously ultrasonically hot-rolling and rapidly cooling an electric arc additive material, aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
an electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device comprises an additive manufacturing printing piece and a printing piece which is formed by depositing layer by layer on a substrate according to a preset path, wherein a first mechanical arm and a second mechanical arm are respectively arranged above the additive manufacturing printing piece; the first mechanical arm is provided with a liquid nitrogen cooling device and an ultrasonic impact head; a welding gun is arranged on the second mechanical arm; the ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device comprises an ultrasonic generator, a special-shaped roller and an ultrasonic impact head, wherein the special-shaped roller is arranged at the head of the ultrasonic impact head. The gun head of the traditional ultrasonic vibration impacting device impacts a weld bead through a needle-shaped impacting head. The gun head of the ultrasonic impact head is designed into three special-shaped rollers with different roller surfaces; the roller wheel is connected to the ultrasonic impact head to realize ultrasonic vibration rolling, and the rolling and ultrasonic vibration effects on the welding line can refine crystal grains and reduce the internal defects of materials, so that the mechanical property is improved.
The plastic deformation of the special-shaped roller is further increased in the rolling process so as to obtain a finer isometric crystal structure. When rolling, the vibration impact is carried out on the surface of the welding bead to lead the surface of the welding bead to generate micro-deformation, which is not only beneficial to reducing internal air holes, but also beneficial to improving the tensile strength by stacking the upper lamination layer and the lower lamination layer in a staggered way.
The special-shaped roller is H-shaped, the edge of the roller is provided with a side edge higher than a rolling position, and the side edge can keep a weld bead from generating large deformation in the rolling process, so that the rolled weld bead has higher forming precision. The special-shaped rollers are divided into three different modes, namely dot matrix special-shaped rollers, spiral special-shaped rollers and bevel gear special-shaped rollers; the dot matrix special-shaped roller is characterized in that a plurality of hammer-shaped protrusions are arranged on the surface of the roller, the hammer-shaped protrusions can increase the surface pressure of the dot matrix special-shaped roller, and the dislocation density is increased by micro-deformation of the surface of a welding bead; the spiral special-shaped roller is characterized in that a transverse spiral protrusion is arranged on the surface of the roller; the bevel gear type special-shaped roller is characterized in that longitudinal transverse strip bulges are arranged on the surface of the roller. The oblique design of the surfaces of the spiral special-shaped roller and the bevel gear type special-shaped roller can increase the shearing deformation, so that the mechanical property can be improved, and the shearing force directions of the two modes are different, namely a transverse shearing force and a longitudinal shearing force.
Further, the additive manufacturing print is disposed above the platen.
Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen cooling device is connected with a liquid nitrogen steel bottle outside the processing device. The liquid nitrogen cooling device mainly comprises a liquid nitrogen jet port, a speed regulating valve, a flow meter, a conduit, a liquid nitrogen steel cylinder and an air pump. The flow of the liquid nitrogen gas injection port is mainly controlled by a speed regulating valve according to the temperature of the welding bead.
Furthermore, the welding gun is respectively connected with a wire feeder, a CMT welding machine and an argon bottle. The wire feeder is a hollow rubber tube and can feed wires; the CMT welding machine is just a wire connection and provides welding current; the argon bottle is also connected with the air pipe, and protective gas is provided to isolate oxygen during welding so as to prevent oxidation.
The invention also discloses a processing method of the electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined processing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, mounting a special-shaped roller, an ultrasonic impact head and a liquid nitrogen cooling device in an ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device on a first mechanical arm, mounting a welding gun on a second mechanical arm, opening all the devices, guiding a trajectory program into controllers of the first mechanical arm and the second mechanical arm, completing debugging and preparing for welding;
moving and printing a welding gun according to a track of the part hierarchical design, keeping a distance between an ultrasonic impact head and the welding gun, and moving according to the same track;
step three, carrying out hot rolling impact action on the surface of a welding bead by an H-shaped special-shaped roller, and compacting the texture of the welding bead and generating micro deformation;
opening a liquid nitrogen cooling device and the ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device simultaneously, and carrying out quick cooling on the welding bead, wherein the liquid nitrogen cooling device is provided with a flow meter and a speed regulating valve and is used for regulating the flow of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen cooling device according to the temperature of the welding bead; the temperature of the weld bead after hot rolling impact is high, and the growth of the structure grains is easily coarse, so that cooling by a liquid nitrogen cooling device is required.
And step five, closing the liquid nitrogen cooling device when the printed part to be subjected to additive manufacturing is cooled, closing all other equipment, and taking out the printed part.
This send and compare in prior art's beneficial effect lie in:
the device and the method can effectively solve the problem of rapid cooling of the metal during upper hammering, and further perform secondary strengthening and shape control on the metal while strengthening the metal; specifically, the first strengthening is that grains are refined by ultrasonic impact rolling, and the material performance is strengthened; the second strengthening is that the performance of the material is improved by utilizing liquid nitrogen rapid cooling liquid, and the rapid cooling is equivalent to performing heat treatment on the material;
according to the invention, ultrasonic impact is adopted, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic impact special-shaped roller and the liquid nitrogen cooling device are used for impacting and cooling the upper side of the metal paving layer, so that not only can the part be subjected to primary surface processing treatment while being formed, but also the paving layer can be cooled and strengthened through liquid nitrogen gas, and is rapidly formed, the internal defects of the metal can be more fully eliminated, and thus a better electric arc additive product is obtained;
the three different dot-matrix special-shaped rollers, the spiral special-shaped roller and the bevel gear special-shaped roller are adopted, wherein hammer-shaped bulges are additionally arranged on the surface of the dot-matrix special-shaped roller to play a role of ultrasonic hammering, the unit pressure is strong, and micro bubbles in a deposition layer can be more favorably extruded; the spiral special-shaped roller can increase tangential plastic deformation, so that crystal grains are more refined, the mechanical property of the material is enhanced, and metal defects are reduced; the bevel gear type special-shaped roller can increase longitudinal plastic deformation, and when the shearing stress of a deposition layer in a semi-molten state is greater than the shearing strength, crystal grains can be rearranged, and compaction becomes compact. Three kinds of special-shaped running rollers all can cause the micro deformation to the welding track surface for crisscross each other between the sedimentary deposit, effectively promote material tensile strength. Two strengthening processes of ultrasonic impact and rapid cooling are carried out synchronously by using liquid nitrogen;
in the invention, in the hot rolling treatment of the formed part in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, the hot rolling process destroys the original structure of the metal material, refines crystal grains and eliminates the defect of microscopic structure, thereby leading the structure of the formed part to be compact and improving the mechanical property; the air bubbles, cracks and looseness which may occur in the original forming process can also be welded under the action of high temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, ultrasonic vibration hammering is applied to the welding bead, and the vibration hammering part is favorable for improving the residual stress state, reducing stress concentration and improving the fatigue strength. The ultrasonic vibration is also beneficial to reducing internal defects and improving the mechanical property of a formed part. The temperature of a formed part is gradually increased due to the influence of heat accumulation in the forming process, the forming precision is poor, and the structure of a part is thick. The liquid nitrogen cooling device is used for rapidly cooling the hot-rolled welding bead, so that the temperature of a formed piece can be effectively reduced, and the growth of grains is prevented from being thick. The liquid nitrogen has no conductivity, can directly act on the surface of a part to reduce the temperature, and has no influence on the electrode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the whole apparatus of an electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an ultrasonic vibratory roller and liquid nitrogen cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view and an isometric view of a dot matrix form factor roll of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front and isometric view of a helical form roller of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view and an isometric view of a bevel gear type contour roller of the present invention;
wherein: 1-liquid nitrogen cylinder; 2-an ultrasonic generator; 3-liquid nitrogen cooling device; 4-special-shaped rollers; 5-a second mechanical arm; 6-ultrasonic impact head; 7-a welding gun; 8-a first robot arm; 9-additive manufacturing of prints; 10-a workbench; 11-a wire feeder; 12-CMT welder; 13-argon bottle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the arc additive manufacturing synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device of the present invention is mainly divided into an additive manufacturing device, an ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device, and a liquid nitrogen cooling device, wherein a liquid nitrogen cooling device 3 is connected to a liquid nitrogen steel cylinder 1 outside the machining device. The additive manufacturing device mainly comprises an additive manufacturing printing part 9, the ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device comprises an ultrasonic generator 2, a special-shaped roller 4 and an ultrasonic impact head 6, and the special-shaped roller 4 is arranged at the head of the ultrasonic impact head 6. The main components and the connection relation are specifically as follows: the additive manufacturing print 9 is placed above the table 10; a first mechanical arm 5 and a second mechanical arm 8 are respectively arranged above the additive manufacturing printing piece 9; the first mechanical arm 5 is provided with a liquid nitrogen cooling device 3 and an ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device; and a welding gun 7 is arranged on the second mechanical arm 8, and the welding gun 7 is respectively connected with a wire feeder 11, a CMT welding machine 12 and an argon bottle 13. In the electric arc additive manufacturing process, an ultrasonic vibration special-shaped roller is added, the appearance of the roller is designed into a special-shaped roller according to the forming characteristics of electric arc additive manufacturing, and the special-shaped roller is three different roller types capable of increasing the plastic deformation of materials and is respectively shown in figures 3-5. In order to prevent the welding bead from deforming too much under impact, the special-shaped roller is designed into an H shape, and materials are prevented from flowing to two sides of the welding bead.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, fig. 3 is a front view and an isometric view of a dot matrix type special-shaped roller according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a front and isometric view of a helical form roller of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a front view and an isometric view of a bevel gear type contour roller of the present invention; the hammer-shaped protrusions are additionally arranged on the surface of the roller shown in the figure 3 to play a role of ultrasonic hammering, so that unit pressure is strong, and micro bubbles in a deposition layer can be more favorably extruded; the spiral special-shaped roller shown in FIG. 4 can increase tangential plastic deformation, so that crystal grains are more refined, the mechanical property of the material is enhanced, and metal defects are reduced; the bevel gear type special-shaped roller shown in fig. 5 can increase longitudinal plastic deformation, and when the shear stress of a deposition layer in a semi-molten state is greater than the shear strength, crystal grains can be rearranged and compacted. Three kinds of special-shaped running rollers all can cause the micro deformation to the welding track surface for crisscross each other between the sedimentary deposit, effectively promote material tensile strength. And the two strengthening processes of ultrasonic impact and rapid cooling are synchronously carried out by utilizing liquid nitrogen.
The processing method of the electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined processing device comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, an ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device and a liquid nitrogen cooling device 3 are arranged on a first mechanical arm 5, a welding gun 7 is arranged on a second mechanical arm 8, then after all used equipment are opened, a track program is led into controllers on the first mechanical arm 5 and the second mechanical arm 8, debugging is completed, and welding is prepared;
step two: the welding gun 7 moves and prints according to the track designed by the part layer, the ultrasonic vibration roller keeps a certain distance from the welding gun, and the ultrasonic vibration roller moves according to the same track;
step three: the roller wheel performs hot rolling impact on the surface of the welding bead, and the welding bead tissue is dense and generates certain micro-deformation.
Step four: the temperature of the welding bead after hot rolling impact is high, and the growth of the structure grains is easy to be coarse. The welding bead can be effectively cooled quickly by the liquid nitrogen cooling device. The liquid nitrogen cooling device is provided with a flow meter, and the speed regulating valve can regulate the flow of the liquid nitrogen according to the temperature of the welding bead.
Step five: and (5) when the printing piece 9 to be additively manufactured is cooled, closing the liquid nitrogen cooling device 3, closing all the equipment, and removing the pressing plate to take out the printing piece.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device comprises an additive manufacturing printing piece (9), and is characterized in that the printing piece is formed by depositing layer by layer on a substrate according to a preset path, and a first mechanical arm (5) and a second mechanical arm (8) are respectively arranged above the additive manufacturing printing piece (9); the first mechanical arm (5) is provided with a liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) and an ultrasonic impact head (6); a welding gun (7) is arranged on the second mechanical arm (8); the ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device comprises an ultrasonic generator (2), a special-shaped roller (4) and an ultrasonic impact head (6), wherein the special-shaped roller (4) is positioned at the head part of the ultrasonic impact head (6); the special-shaped roller (4) is arranged in an H shape, and the special-shaped roller (4) is divided into a dot matrix special-shaped roller, a spiral special-shaped roller and an oblique gear type special-shaped roller; the dot matrix type special-shaped roller is characterized in that a plurality of hammer-shaped protrusions are arranged on the surface of the roller; the spiral special-shaped roller is characterized in that a transverse spiral protrusion is arranged on the surface of the roller; the bevel gear type special-shaped roller is characterized in that longitudinal transverse strip bulges are arranged on the surface of the roller.
2. The electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device according to claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing printing piece (9) is arranged above the workbench (10).
3. The electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) is connected to a liquid nitrogen steel cylinder (1) outside the machining device.
4. The electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding gun (7) is respectively connected with a wire feeder (11), a CMT welding machine (12) and an argon bottle (13).
5. The machining method of the electric arc additive synchronous ultrasonic hot rolling and rapid cooling combined machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, mounting a special-shaped roller (4), an ultrasonic impact head (6) and a liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) on a first mechanical arm (5), mounting a welding gun (7) on a second mechanical arm (8), then opening all the devices, guiding a trajectory program into controllers of the first mechanical arm (5) and the second mechanical arm (8), completing debugging and preparing for welding;
secondly, moving and printing a welding gun (7) according to a track of part layered design, keeping a distance between an ultrasonic impact head (6) and the welding gun (7), and moving according to the same track;
step three, carrying out hot rolling impact on the surface of the welding bead by the H-shaped special-shaped roller (4), and compacting the texture of the welding bead and generating micro deformation;
step four, the liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) is simultaneously opened with the ultrasonic vibration hot rolling device to rapidly cool the welding bead, the liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) is provided with a flow meter and a speed regulating valve, and the flow of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen cooling device (3) is regulated according to the temperature of the welding bead;
and step five, cooling the printed piece (9) to be additively manufactured, closing the liquid nitrogen cooling device (3), closing all other equipment, and taking out the printed piece.
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