CN112586296B

CN112586296B - Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field

Info

Publication number: CN112586296B
Application number: CN202011447902.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄小毛; 罗承铭; 廖庆喜; 廖宜涛; 张顺; 熊洋; 张淯钦; 王绍帅; 熊陈文
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2022-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-09
Also published as: CN112586296A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in a rice field of a rice oil rotation area. The method is characterized in that the soil water content is reduced by measures such as water drainage and field drying in the late rice mature later stage, synchronous combined operation is carried out by using a rice combine harvester with functions of seeding, fertilizing, ditching and earthing up devices and straw smashing and returning to the field, rice grains are harvested, the smashed straw is returned to the field, rape seeding, base fertilizer application and carriage ditching are synchronously completed, and the ditching soil is used for earthing up the seeds and the fertilizer. The invention integrates a plurality of originally dispersedly completed processes, starts and stops corresponding operation tasks in time according to the real-time position of the machine relative to the field by reasonably planning operation paths and tasks, effectively solves the new problems of conflict or unsmooth process operation and the like caused by the centralized processes, and provides operation rules for agricultural operators and technical methods for the test demonstration, popularization and use of future fully unmanned automatic navigation driving 'rice oil collecting and sowing all-in-one machine' under satellite-assisted positioning.

Description

Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry machinery, in particular to a method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in a rice-oil rotation region late rice field.

Background

At present, rape sowing in rice oil tanker farming areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China faces a plurality of challenges, and although rape effectively utilizes a vacant winter field and soil cultivation and fertilization, the rape planting efficiency is low, crop rotation is short, the working procedures are complicated, and the phenomena of tillage and seed abandonment are frequent. In recent years, the air seeding of the rape in the paddy field becomes a new mode and is gradually accepted by farmers. However, in this mode, after rape seeding and rice harvesting are completed, ditching operation needs to be carried out on the field to timely drain water when excessive rainwater exists in the area, and meanwhile, the ditching soil is utilized to carry out the soil covering function of the sowed seeds, so that the smooth sprouting and seedling emergence and later-stage growth of the rape are ensured. Manual ditching is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and machine ditching requires special use of a tractor, which wastes manpower and material resources. How to simply and efficiently carry out the seeding, fertilizing and ditching of the rape in the rice stubble field and evenly cover the seed manure with ditching soil becomes a new task.

The invention discloses a ditching and earthing method and a ditching and earthing device matched with rape and rice forest flying sowing operation in a rice and oil tanker working area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in a rice-oil rotation region late rice field, and the technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows:

the method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice-oil rotation area late rice field comprises the following steps:

step 1, selecting a late rice field block with a trapezoid or rectangular boundary as an area to be operated, reducing the water content of soil at the late maturing stage of late rice, tracking, sampling and measuring the water content at a depth of 10-15cm 3-4 days before rice harvesting, and performing the next step after the water content reaches below 35% or no indentation is generated during field operation of a harvester;

step 2, performing synchronous combined operation in an area to be operated by using a rice combine harvester with a sowing system, a fertilizing system, a ditching and soil covering device and a straw smashing and returning function according to operation steps, harvesting rice grains, smashing the rice straws, then uniformly scattering and returning the rice straws to the field, synchronously completing rape sowing, base fertilizer application and compartment ditch opening, and completing seed and fertilizer covering after scattering by using ditching soil;

the operating step comprises the following steps:

step 2.1, determining a pair of parallel boundaries as longitudinal boundaries, wherein the direction of the longitudinal boundaries is a ditching direction, the other two boundaries adjacent to the longitudinal boundaries are transverse boundaries, and the direction of the longitudinal boundaries is a non-ditching direction;

2.2, selecting to enter from one end of the transverse boundary and start operation along the ditching direction, and then performing rice harvesting operation by adopting a traditional harvester bypassing method;

step 2.3, judging the operation direction of the harvester when preparing to harvest rice, when the operation direction of a certain row when harvesting is parallel to the ditching direction, returning to the transverse boundary, then carrying out ditching, sowing and fertilizing operation forwards, and harvesting the rice until reaching the other transverse boundary if meeting the rice;

step 2.4, closing the ditching, sowing and fertilizing functions, returning to the edge of the area without rice harvesting, and turning and reversing;

step 2.5, after reversing, continuing to harvest the paddy rice in the non-ditching direction, and reversing to the ditching direction after finishing the harvesting;

and 2.6, jumping to the step 2.3 to continue the operation until the operation task of the whole field is completed.

Further, the seeding system is located at the rear of a header of the rice combine harvester, the seeding system comprises a seed box, a centrifugal seed metering device, a centrifugal seed metering disc, a seed metering motor, a double-disc seed ditching device, a truss lifting system and a fixed truss, the double-disc seed ditching device is arranged on the truss, the fixed truss is connected with a frame of the rice combine harvester, and the truss is put down or folded up by the truss lifting system during working.

Further, fertilization system is located the rear of rice combine header, fertilization system is including fertile case, fertilizer discharging device, fan, bellows, distributor, the ditch device of opening fertile, truss lift system and fixed truss, and the ditch device of opening fertile sets up on the truss, and fixed truss is connected with rice combine frame, and the truss is put down by truss lift system in the during operation, packs up the truss when shifting.

Furthermore, the fertilizer distributor comprises a fertilizer distributor upper shell, a fertilizer distributor wheel, a driving shaft, a bearing and a fertilizer distributor lower shell, wherein the fertilizer distributor wheel is driven to rotate by a motor through the driving shaft.

Furthermore, the ditching and earthing device is suspended on a rack behind the rice combine harvester through a traction lifting mechanism and consists of a suspension bracket, a hydraulic lifting system, a hyperboloid furrow plough, a hydraulic motor, a disc furrow opener and a throwing plate. The double-curved-surface furrow plough is used for pre-ditching a compartment ditch, the disc furrow opener is used for limiting the ditching depth and shaping, soil is uniformly scattered onto the compartment surface through the scattering plate, and seeds are uniformly covered with soil.

Furthermore, the ditching and soil covering device is suspended on a rack behind the rice combine harvester through a traction lifting mechanism, and is lowered to be placed on the ground through a hydraulic lifting system during working, and is lifted to leave the ground through the hydraulic lifting system during non-working such as turning or transportation.

Furthermore, the hyperboloid furrow plough is formed by reversely combining curved surfaces of two furrow ploughs, and the soil for opening the compartment ditch is broken and turned to two sides when the double-curved-surface furrow plough works.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention integrates a plurality of originally dispersedly completed processes, improves the operation efficiency, reduces the operation cost, reduces the rape planting cost and improves the comprehensive rape planting benefit; meanwhile, through reasonable planning of the operation tasks and the paths, the corresponding operation tasks are started and stopped according to the current position of the machine relative to the field, the new problems of conflict or unsmooth process operation and the like caused by centralized working procedures are effectively solved, operation rules are provided for a manipulator or an operator, and the technical, method and theoretical basis are laid for the test, demonstration, popularization and use of the rice oil collecting and sowing all-in-one machine which is automatically positioned, navigated and driven in the unmanned farm mode.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a work path of a conventional harvest bypass;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation path of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rice combine harvester;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seeding system and a fertilizer discharging system;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view (semi-sectional view) of the centrifugal seed metering device and the centrifugal seed metering disk;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fertilizer discharging device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the truss lifting system, the double-disc seed furrowing device and the fertilizer furrowing device;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a ditching and soil covering device;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a double-curved-surface furrow plough;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the operation state of the disc furrow opener.

1. A rice combine harvester with the function of crushing straws and returning the straws to the field; 11. a header of the rice combine harvester; 2. a seeding system; 2-1, a seed box; 2-2, centrifugal seeding unit; 2-3, centrifugal seeding plate; 2-4, a seed sowing motor; 2-5, a double-disc seed furrow opening device; 3. a fertilization system; 3-1, a fertilizer box; 3-2, a fertilizer discharging device; 3-3, a fan; 3-4, corrugated pipes; 3-5, a distributor; 3-6, a fertilizer ditch opening device; 3-7, a truss; 3-8, a truss lifting system; 3-9, fixing a truss; 3-2-1, an upper shell of the fertilizer apparatus; 3-2-2, a fertilizer discharging wheel; 3-2-3, a drive shaft; 3-2-4, a bearing; 3-2-3, a lower shell of the fertilizer apparatus; 4. a ditching and soil covering device; 4-1, a suspension bracket; 4-2, a hydraulic lifting system; 4-3, hyperboloid furrow plough; 4-4, a hydraulic motor; 4-5, a disc furrow opener; 4-6, throwing and scattering plate

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

step 2, carrying out synchronous combined operation in an area to be operated by utilizing an unmanned rice combine harvester 1 with a sowing system 2, a fertilizing system 3, a ditching and soil covering device 4 and a straw smashing and returning function as well as a satellite-assisted positioning and full-automatic driving operation function according to operation steps, harvesting rice grains, smashing the rice straws, then uniformly scattering and returning the rice straws to the field, synchronously completing sowing of rape, applying base fertilizer and opening a compartment ditch, and completing covering of seeds and fertilizer after scattering by utilizing ditching soil;

as shown in fig. 2, the working step includes the steps of: ,

2.2, selecting to enter from one end of the transverse boundary and start operation along the ditching direction, and then performing rice harvesting operation by adopting a traditional harvester bypassing method, as shown in figure 1;

The harvesting area of the rice combine harvester 1 after passing through the operation path can cover the whole area to be operated; the sowing path of the rice combine 1 covers all the longitudinal paths.

The space between two adjacent transverse paths and the space between two adjacent longitudinal paths are not more than the width of the harvesting area of the rice combine harvester 1;

In the embodiment, when the harvester passes through path sections (1-2), (8-9), (15-16), (21-22), (27-28), (39-40), (33-34), (45-46), (51-52) and (57-58), the harvesting function, the sowing function, the fertilizing function, the ditching and earthing function and the straw smashing and returning function of the harvester are all started; when the rice combine passes through the path sections (4-5), (11-12), (18-19), (24-25), (30-31), (36-37), (42-43), (48-49), (54-55) and (60-61), the rice combine only starts the harvesting function; after the path sections (3-4), (6-7), (10-11), (13-14), (17-18), (19-20), (23-24), (25-26), (29-30), (31-32), (35-36), (37-38), (41-42), (43-44), (47-48), (49-50), (53-54), (55-56), (59-60) are passed, the path sections (2-3), (7-8), (9-10), (16-17), (20-21), (22-23), (26-27), (28-29), (32-33), (34-35), (38-39), (40-41) are passed, (44-45), (50-51), (52-53), (58-59) and path sections (5-6) and (12-13), the harvesting function, the sowing function, the fertilizing function, the ditching and earthing-up function and the straw smashing and returning-to-field function of the rice combine harvester are all closed.

During operation, traversing is carried out according to the numerical point sequence in the figure 2, and the starting and stopping conditions of the harvesting function, the sowing function, the fertilizing function and the ditching and soil covering function of the rice combine harvester on each path section are shown in a table 1;

TABLE 1 working states of working parts for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice field

Function block

1. Rice combine harvester with straw crushing and field returning functions

As shown in fig. 3, the rice combine harvester with the function of crushing and returning the straws to the field;

the rice combine harvester with the function of crushing straws and returning the straws to the field is a carrier realized by the method and a carrier of all functional bodies.

2. Seeding system

Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the sowing system comprises a seed box 2-1, a centrifugal seed sowing device 2-2, a centrifugal seed sowing disk 2-3, a seed sowing motor 2-4, a double-disk seed furrowing device 2-5, a truss 3-7, a truss lifting system 3-8 and a fixed truss 3-9,

the position and connection relation and the working mechanism are as follows:

the seeding system 2 is arranged behind a header 11 of the rice combine harvester, the double-disc seed furrow opening device 2-5 is arranged on the truss 3-7, the fixed truss 3-9 is connected with a rack of the rice combine harvester 1, the truss 3-7 is put down by the truss lifting system 3-8 during working, and the truss 3-7 is folded up during transferring.

3. Fertilizing system

Referring to fig. 4 and 7, the fertilizing system comprises a fertilizer box 3-1, a fertilizer discharging device 3-2, a fan 3-3, a corrugated pipe 3-4, a distributor 3-5, a fertilizer trench digging device 3-6, a truss 3-7, a truss lifting system 3-8 and a fixed truss 3-9,

the position and connection relation and the working mechanism are as follows:

the fertilizing system 3 is arranged behind a header 11 of the rice combine harvester, the fertilizer ditch opening devices 2-5 are arranged on the trusses 3-7, the fixed trusses 3-9 are connected with a frame of the rice combine harvester 1, the trusses 3-7 are put down by the truss lifting systems 3-8 during working, and the trusses 3-7 are folded up during transferring.

4. Fertilizer distributor

As shown in figure 6, the fertilizer discharging device comprises a fertilizer discharging device upper shell 3-2-1, a fertilizer discharging wheel 3-2-2, a driving shaft 3-2-3, a bearing 3-2-4 and a fertilizer discharging device lower shell 3-2-5;

the position and connection relation and the working mechanism are as follows:

comprises an upper shell 3-2-1 of the fertilizer apparatus, a fertilizer wheel 3-2-2, a driving shaft 3-2-3, a bearing 3-2-4 and a lower shell 3-2-5 of the fertilizer apparatus, and a motor drives the fertilizer wheel 3-2-2 to rotate by driving the driving shaft 3-2-3

5. Ditching earthing device

As shown in figures 8-10, the ditching and earthing device comprises a water tank suspension bracket 4-1, a hydraulic lifting system 4-2, a hyperboloid furrow plough 4-3, a hydraulic motor 4-4, a disc furrow opener 4-5 and a throwing plate 4-6,

the position and connection relation is as follows:

the ditching and soil covering device 4 is hung on a rack at the rear part of the rice combine harvester 1 through a traction lifting mechanism, is lowered to be placed on the ground through a hydraulic lifting system 4-2 during working, and is lifted to leave the ground through the hydraulic lifting system 4-2 during non-working such as turning or transportation.

The working mechanism is as follows:

pre-ditching a compartment ditch by a double-curved-surface furrow plough 4-3, limiting ditching depth and shaping by a disc ditcher 4-5, uniformly scattering soil onto a compartment surface by a scattering plate 4-4, and uniformly covering seeds with soil, wherein the depth of the compartment ditch is 10-20 cm, and the width of the compartment ditch is 10-20 cm. The hyperboloid furrow plough 4-3 is formed by reversely combining curved surfaces of two furrow ploughs, and when the double-curved-surface furrow plough works, soil for opening the compartment ditch is broken and turned to two sides simultaneously. The disc furrow opener 4-5 of the ditching and soil covering device 4 is disc-shaped, the axial direction is three sections, the diameters of the outer sections are equal, the values are 15-50 cm and are smaller than 20-40 cm (the depth of a furrow is 12-20 cm), a plurality of blades are arranged at the edge of the circumference, the width of the middle section is 15-20 cm, the disc furrow opener 4-5 of the ditching and soil covering device 4 is driven by a hydraulic motor 4-4, and the rotating speed is 500-1200 rpm, so that better soil breaking and throwing effects are achieved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice-oil rotation area late rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 2, carrying out synchronous combined operation in an area to be operated by using a rice combine harvester (1) with a sowing system (2), a fertilizing system (3), a ditching and earthing device (4) and a straw smashing and returning function according to operation steps, harvesting rice grains, smashing the rice straws, then uniformly scattering and returning the rice straws to the field, synchronously completing rape sowing, base fertilizer application and carriage ditch opening, and completing seed and fertilizer covering after scattering by using ditching soil;

the operating step comprises the following steps:

2. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in a rice-oil rotation region late rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the seeding system (2) is positioned behind a header (11) of the rice combine harvester, the seeding system (2) comprises a seed box (2-1), a centrifugal seed metering device (2-2), a centrifugal seed metering disc (2-3), a seed metering motor (2-4), a double-disc seed ditching device (2-5), a truss (3-7), a truss lifting system (3-8) and a fixed truss (3-9), wherein the double-disc seed ditching device (2-5) is arranged on the truss (3-7), the fixed truss (3-9) is connected with a frame of the rice combine harvester (1), the truss lifting system (3-8) is used for putting down the truss (3-7) or taking up the truss (3-7).

3. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice paddy field at the rice-oil rotation area is characterized in that the fertilizing system (3) is positioned behind a header (11) of the rice combine harvester, the fertilizing system (3) comprises a fertilizer box (3-1), a fertilizer discharging device (3-2), a fan (3-3), a corrugated pipe (3-4), a distributor (3-5), a fertilizer trench opening device (3-6), a truss (3-7), a truss lifting system (3-8) and a fixed truss (3-9), the fertilizer trench opening device (3-6) is arranged on the truss (3-7), and the fixed truss (3-9) is connected with a frame of the rice combine harvester (1).

4. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice paddy field at the rice-oil rotation areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fertilizer discharging device (3-2) comprises a fertilizer discharging device upper shell (3-2-1), a fertilizer discharging wheel (3-2-2), a driving shaft (3-2-3), a bearing (3-2-4) and a fertilizer discharging device lower shell (3-2-5), and the motor drives the fertilizer discharging wheel (3-2-2) to rotate through the driving shaft (3-2-3).

5. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice-oil rotation region late rice field according to claim 1, wherein the ditching and soil-covering device (4) is suspended on a rack behind the rice combine harvester (1) through a traction lifting mechanism, and the ditching and soil-covering device (4) comprises a suspension bracket (4-1), a hydraulic lifting system (4-2), a double-curved-surface furrow plough (4-3), a hydraulic motor (4-4), a disc ditcher (4-5) and a throwing plate (4-6).

6. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice field of the rice-oil rotation area late rice field as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the ditching and soil covering device (4) is hung on a rack behind the rice combine harvester (1) through a traction and lifting mechanism.

7. The method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in the rice-oil rotation area late rice field according to claim 5, wherein the hyperboloid furrow plough (4-3) is formed by reversely combining curved surfaces of two furrow ploughs, and the soil for opening the compartment ditch is broken and turned to two sides during working.