CN112577787B - System and method for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking range - Google Patents
System and method for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by rural household cooking range Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 154
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by a rural household stove, which comprise the following steps: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system; the combustion furnace part of the invention adopts the combustion furnace design of a changeable hearth, and the emission condition of the pollution source is better reduced; the invention increases the pre-dilution tube, expands the dilution multiple adjusting range; the invention increases the flue gas purification and meets the severe conditions of laboratories; the invention can realize off-line sampling and on-line monitoring analysis, multi-channel grading sampling to obtain the total amount of the exhaust gas emission particle sample of complete combustion, simultaneously has the function of supporting on-line calibration, further has deeper understanding on the fluctuation condition of each stage of concentration stage in the combustion process, is mutually complemented, has high reliability, and can more comprehensively study the emission characteristics of fixed pollution sources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and relates to a system for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by a rural household stove, in particular to a system and a method which can be used in multiple occasions and can be used for simultaneously collecting and monitoring particulate matters and black carbon by adopting on-line and off-line equipment after multi-stage dilution of smoke discharged by a plurality of rural household stoves.
Background
The civil biomass combustion source has the characteristics of unstable discharge working condition, short combustion time, incomplete combustion and the like, and even if the smoke concentration of the same stove fluctuates greatly under different combustion conditions, the pollutant discharge of the same stove is difficult to measure by using a fixed sampling method. The existing common monitoring methods include a direct sampling method, a dilution sampling method, a smoke hood method, a condensation method and the like, wherein the sampling method is divided into only off-line sampling or only on-line monitoring, the off-line sampling is used for obtaining an experiment final result through a weighing method, and the on-line sampling is used for a light absorption method and a light scattering method. The dilution sampling method is divided into a smoke hood method and a smoke channel method, wherein the smoke channel method comprises a partial dilution method and a full flow dilution method, the dilution multiple of the dilution device in the prior art is about 10-100, and the approximate result is calculated by the ratio of the smoke to the dilution gas. The prior art dilution sampling device is mainly used for stabilizing power plant boiler pollution sources, lacks the simulation monitoring sampling technology of civilian sources, has the characteristics of complex components, difficult integrated operation and the like, and is mostly of fixed size and low in site applicability due to quantitative emission monitoring reasons.
The existing domestic dilution device has more defects, is complex and huge, is mainly an integral device, cannot be split, occupies large area and is difficult to adapt to pollution emission sampling in a narrow space. Meanwhile, the existing device is single in applicable place, most of the devices are field tests, and good simulation cannot be achieved in a laboratory.
In actual life, the size of a combustion hearth used in rural areas has an influence on the condition of full combustion of fuel combustion, and most of prior combustion devices are fixed-size combustion furnaces, so that the condition of real smoke emission concentration is not well simulated.
The adjustable range of the dilution factor in the prior art is smaller, the stability and the air tightness of the system are difficult to ensure after the system is externally connected with a multi-stage dilution device, the experimental result in the sampling process is rough, and the accurate monitoring instrument with smaller detection range is difficult to match.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system and a method for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants discharged by a rural household stove, which not only can truly simulate the stove type combustion conditions of various sizes of the rural household stove, but also can be detachably applied to on-site pollution source discharge monitoring, and can meet the monitoring requirement of a narrow space.
The invention relates to a sampling and monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants discharged by a rural household stove, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
The combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a ventilation opening, an ash recovery box and a smoke exhaust pipe; the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I; one side of the hearth is provided with a heat-resistant glass visual window, the upper part of the hearth is a smoke pipe orifice, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a vent, and the lower part of the vent is provided with an ash recovery box for collecting residues after fuel combustion.
The sampling gun comprises a sampling gun barrel, a sampling head and a cyclone type cutting head, wherein the sampling head is arranged in the middle of a smoke pipe of the combustion furnace, and the air outlet end of the sampling gun barrel is connected with a pre-dilution pipe;
The sampling head adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, when sampling is carried out, the sampling nozzle is opposite to the air flow, the smoke tube of the sampling gun can be heated, and the smoke enters the sampling gun to be heated through the heating sampling tube, so that the smoke is prevented from being condensed and adhered on the tube wall;
the pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe, a high-efficiency filter, a fan, an air outlet flow control valve and a CO 2 concentration sensor II, the front end of the dilution pipe is provided with an inlet, the inlet is the fan and the high-efficiency filter in sequence along the air inlet direction, one end of the fan is directly connected with the ambient atmosphere, the ambient air is sucked into the air through negative pressure and passes through the high-efficiency filter to obtain clean air, and the clean air enters the pre-dilution pipe through the inlet to be fully mixed and diluted with sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust port at the rear end of a dilution pipe, and an exhaust flow control valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the exhaust port;
The dilution system comprises a primary dilution bin, a secondary dilution bin and a stay bin; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of a primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin is connected with a secondary dilution bin, and the secondary dilution bin is connected with a stay bin; the primary dilution bin is provided with a primary clean air inlet, the primary clean air inlet is connected with a primary clean air inlet pipe, and a primary clean air flow control valve is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe; a primary bypass outlet is arranged on the primary dilution bin, an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe; the secondary dilution bin is provided with a secondary clean air inlet, the secondary clean air inlet is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a secondary clean air flow control valve; the staying bin is provided with a CO 2 concentration sensor III;
The sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on the staying bin and a plurality of sampling branch pipes connected with the sampling port, wherein the plurality of sampling branch pipes are respectively provided with a particulate matter cutting head and a sampling film support, PM 10、PM2.5 graded sampling can be realized by installing different cutting heads, and the plurality of sampling branch pipes are connected with a sampling pump to provide power; the online sampling system comprises an AE-33 black carbon analyzer and a TSI particulate matter analyzer of America MAGEE company which are respectively connected with the stay bin through black carbon sampling pipes.
Further, the combustion furnace is characterized in that the combustion furnace hearth is a cube and is of a movable drawer structure, and comprises a heat insulation layer, a reinforcing layer, an aluminate cement layer and a furnace hearth bin body; the hearth has a plurality of models, and the appearances of all the models are the same in size, but the content of the hearth bin body is different.
Preferably, the inner capacity of the hearth bin body is 50L-100L, and the combustion requirement of 50g-3kg of fuel is met.
Preferably, the upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe, and the smoke exhaust pipe is provided with a square sampling port.
Further, a smoke purifying device is additionally arranged at the top of the smoke exhaust pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
Preferably, the sampling head adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the air flow during sampling.
Further, an absolute pressure sensor is arranged on the staying bin (26).
Further, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the staying bin (26).
The inventors point out: the connecting parts of the device are all connected by using hoses, and the connectors connected with the instrument are alloy screw bayonet connectors and matched with the Teflon dual-ring sealing gasket, so that the gasket has strong stress bearing capability, is not easy to age and relax, and can achieve an ideal sealing effect. The alloy threaded joint has certain hardness, can bear repeated disassembly and assembly loss, is not easy to scratch and has good connection performance.
The application method of the rural household stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The sampling pump, the pre-dilution pipe fan, the primary clean air flow control valve, the primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, the secondary clean air flow control valve and the fan switch of the smoke purifying device are opened, the sampling gun barrel is preheated to 120 ℃, particles in smoke are prevented from being attached to the wall of the sampling gun due to condensation, fuel is ignited and then is fed into the combustion furnace, the combustion process can be observed through a heat-resistant glass visual window arranged on one side of a hearth, after the fuel is combusted, a part of smoke enters the pre-dilution pipe after the large particles with the aerodynamic diameter of more than 2.5 microns in the smoke are removed through a rear cyclone cutting head of the sampling gun, in addition, redundant smoke is discharged to the ambient air through a smoke purifying device at the top of the smoke discharging pipe, and the discharged concentration meets the ambient atmosphere standard. The flow rate of the flue gas is about 2-3m/s, and the concentration of the generated flue gas is about 200-300mg/m 3.
(2) Before the flue gas enters the pre-dilution pipe, a fan connected with the pre-dilution pipe is opened, the dilution clean air is regulated to be 0-60L/min according to the requirement of the dilution ratio of 1-10 times, after the flue gas and the clean air are fully mixed, a part of particles enter the dilution system, redundant gas enters the flue gas purification device through a conduit at the rear end of the pre-dilution pipe and is discharged to the ambient air through the purification device, and an air outlet control valve is arranged on the conduit to control the air outlet flow.
(3) The outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin is provided with a clean air inlet, clean air enters the primary dilution bin through the inlet, particles entering the primary dilution bin are diluted under the mixing effect of the clean air, the primary dilution bin is provided with a primary bypass outlet, the outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, and the rest of gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters the secondary dilution bin; the secondary dilution bin is provided with a secondary clean air inlet, the secondary clean air inlet is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and then the secondary clean air inlet is used for mixing, diluting and cooling under the action of clean air introduced by the secondary clean air inlet, and then enters a residence chamber for condensation, growth and nucleation, and then enters a sampling system. The dilution system satisfies 1:100 dilution ratio requirement.
The technical principles to which the present invention relates include, but are not limited to:
(1) Fixed source emission particulate collection standard (GB/T16157-1996);
(2) Fixed source particulate matter dilution channel sampling technique guidelines HJ161024-1220;
(3) Emissions standards-environmental air quality standards (GB 3095-2012);
(4) Standard air cleaning grade 1 clean air in ISO14644-1 standard;
(5) EPA dilution method standard ISO25597:2013;
(6) Biomass clean cooking stoves GB/T35564-2017;
(7) Indoor air quality standard GB/T18883-2002;
(8) Fixed pollution source flue gas (SO 2、NOX, particulate matter) emission continuous monitoring technical specification HJ 75-2017;
(9) Technical requirements of a fixed pollution source smoke emission continuous monitoring system and a detection method (trial) HJ 76-2017;
(10) Fixed pollution source abandonment monitoring technical specification HJ/T397-2007;
(11) Gravimetric methods HJ 618-2011 for ambient air PM 10 and PM 2.5;
(12) Biomass cooking and baking stove test method NB/T34010-2010;
(13) The civil coal atmosphere pollutant emission list compiles a technical guide;
(14) The technical guidelines (trials) are compiled for the emission list of the atmospheric pollutants of the biomass combustion source.
The invention relates to a conversion formula of an off-line calculation result and an on-line calculation result and a calculation formula of a dilution part.
(1) Selection of sampling mouths
L c 10D c
Wherein: d 0 diameter of sampling head, mm
V 0 -flue gas intake, L/min
V s -flue gas flow velocity at sampling head, m/s
D C -dilution chamber diameter, mm
T s -flue gas residence time, s
V c -dilution unit volume, L
V z -volume of the storage bin, L
V j -clean air consumption, L/min
(2) Reynolds number calculation formula
The degree of gas mixing in the pre-dilution pipe is determined by the Reynolds number of the gas, which is required to satisfy >4000 to ensure adequate mixing.
Re＝pdu/μ
u＝4Q/πd2
Re＝4Qp/πdu
Wherein: re-Reynolds number
Ρ -gas density
D-diameter of pipe
U-flow rate of gas in pipeline
Mu-gas viscosity coefficient
Q-flow of gas in pipeline
(3) Dilution ratio calculation formula
Dilution ratio DR at each stage i,j,k＝(Qx+Qy)/Qx
Wherein: q x -particulate flow, L/min
Q y -clean air flow, L/min
Total dilution ratio dr=d i will D j will D k
(4) Parallelism of sampling of channels
The parallelism of the particulate matter samples collected by each channel is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Wherein: e-relative error%
X i test value
X-represents the average of the test values
(5) Emission factor calculation formula
PM 10/PM2.5 is sampled offline, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: EF Offline -off-line sampling emission factor, g.kg -1
M-sample film has poor quality before and after weighing g
DR-total dilution ratio
S Flue duct -gas flow generated by flue of combustion furnace, m 3/S
S sampling -sampling gun smoke collection gas quantity, m 3/S
M-Biomass combustion total amount, kg
OC/EC off-line sampling, photothermal method, the calculation formula is as follows:
The OC, EC (or BC) deposited on the sampling film was analyzed using a DRI Model 2015 multiband thermal/optical carbon analyzer, the analytical flow is shown in fig. 3, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: EF EC/OC -EC/OC emission factor, g/kg
EC/OC mass per unit area, g/cm 2
R-radius of sampling film, cm
DR-total dilution ratio
S Flue duct -gas quantity generated by flue of combustion furnace, m 3/S
S sampling -sampling gun smoke collection gas quantity, m 3/S
M-total biomass combustion, kg
PM 10/PM2.5 and BC are monitored on line, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: EF Online line -on-line sampling emission factor, g.kg -1
N-on-line instrument sampling gas volume, m 3
DR-total dilution ratio
S Flue duct -gas quantity generated by flue of combustion furnace, m 3/S
S sampling -sampling gun smoke collection gas quantity, m 3/S
T-sample time, s
C-mass concentration of contaminants, mg/m 3
M-total biomass combustion, kg
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The invention can realize off-line sampling and on-line monitoring analysis, multi-channel grading sampling to obtain the total amount of the exhaust gas emission particle sample of complete combustion, simultaneously has the function of supporting on-line calibration, further has deeper understanding on the fluctuation condition of each stage of concentration stage in the combustion process, is mutually complemented, has high reliability, and can more comprehensively study the emission characteristics of fixed pollution sources.
(2) In the combustion process, CO 2 belongs to stable trace gas, is not easy to be subjected to impressions of other factors, and can clearly grasp the change of flue gas from generation to dilution to stay in the sampling process through the observation of the concentration of CO 2.
(3) The invention is suitable for various occasions, has compact and simple structure, high reliability, high response speed, high integration level and convenient maintenance, has small occupied area, reduces the influencing factors such as fields, environments and the like which are unfavorable for field experiments to the greatest extent, can meet the requirements of field pollution source sampling and monitoring, can be applied to laboratory scene simulation, is convenient to assemble and disassemble, has certain mechanical strength, and ensures the stability and air tightness of the device.
(4) In the application of a laboratory, the combustion furnace part of the invention adopts the combustion furnace design of the variable hearth, so that the combustion furnace can be modified under simple operation for the scene simulation of various household stoves in rural areas in practical life. When the positions, materials and sizes of the cooking range and the smoke pipe do not meet the condition of on-site sampling, the emission condition of the pollution source is reduced better through scene simulation in a laboratory.
(5) The invention increases the pre-dilution tube, compared with the prior art, its advantage lies in enlarging the dilution multiple adjusting range, the original technology adjusting range is about 10-100 times, the actual application efficiency only reaches 70% -80% of the ideal effect, after the invention increases the pre-dilution tube, under the double limits of laboratory operation and on-line monitoring instrument, the pre-dilution tube and the dilution system are connected in series, the adjusting range is enlarged several times to tens times, guarantee the better experimental effect. If meet little order burning experiment, the dilution tube in advance also can make things convenient for the dismouting, improves the practicality of device.
(6) In the conventional fixed source particulate matter monitoring, the redundant waste gas is directly discharged in the air, and in a laboratory, strict requirements are met for waste gas discharge, the smoke purifying device can meet the strict conditions of the laboratory in laboratory utilization, the experiment can be selected in an outdoor field experiment, and meanwhile, the experiment can be simulated in a laboratory scene without being influenced by factors such as weather, so that convenience is provided for a laboratory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the furnace according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of analysis of OC, EC (or BC) deposited on a sample film using a DRI Model 2015 multiband thermal/optical carbon analyzer.
In the figure: 1-a combustion furnace; 2-a ventilation opening; 3-ash recovery box; 4-a heat-resistant glass viewing window; 5-CO 2 concentration sensor I; 6, a smoke exhaust pipe; 7, sampling head; 8-a flue gas purifying device; 9-sampling a gun barrel; 10-a cyclone cutting head; 11-a circular dilution tube; 12-CO 2 concentration sensor II; 13-a pre-dilution pipe outlet air flow control valve; 14-high efficiency filter; 15-a fan; 16-a first-stage clean air inlet; 17-a primary clean air flow control valve; 18-a first-stage bypass air outlet flow control valve; 19-a secondary clean air inlet; 20-a secondary clean air flow control valve; 21-a primary dilution bin; 22-a primary bypass outlet; 23-a secondary dilution bin; 24-absolute pressure sensor; 25-a temperature and humidity sensor; 26-staying in a bin; 27-sampling branch pipes; 28-particulate matter cutter; 29-sampling film holder; 30-sampling pump; 31-CO 2 concentration sensor iii; 32-American MAGEE company AE-33 black carbon analyzer; 33-TSI particulate matter analyzer; 34-insulating layer; 35-a reinforcing layer; 36-aluminate cement layer; 37-hearth bin body; 38-the mouth of the cigarette.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system, the components of which include: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
The combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a furnace frame, a ventilation opening 2, an ash recovery box 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 6, wherein a drawer type containing cavity for installing the hearth is arranged in the furnace frame, and the hearth can be directly pulled out or pushed into the drawer type containing cavity; the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I5, and the matched furnace frame is also provided with a hole for installing the CO 2 concentration sensor I5; the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I5; a heat-resistant glass visual window 4 is arranged on one side surface of the hearth, the upper part of the hearth is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe 6, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a ventilation opening 2, and the lower part of the ventilation opening 2 is provided with an ash recovery box 3 for collecting residues after fuel combustion;
the sampling gun comprises a sampling gun barrel 9, a sampling head 7 and a cyclone type cutting head 10, wherein the sampling head 7 stretches into the middle of the smoke exhaust pipe through a sampling port of the smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the gas outlet end of the sampling gun barrel 9 is connected with a pre-dilution pipe;
The pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe 11, a high-efficiency filter 14, a fan 15, a pre-dilution pipe air outlet flow control valve 13 and a CO 2 concentration sensor II 12, wherein the front end of the circular dilution pipe 11 is provided with an inlet, the fan 15 and the high-efficiency filter 14 are arranged when the inlet is arranged in sequence along the air flow inlet direction, one end of the fan 15 is directly connected with the ambient atmosphere, ambient air is sucked through negative pressure, clean air is obtained through the high-efficiency filter 14, and the clean air enters the circular dilution pipe 11 through the inlet to be fully mixed and diluted with sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust port at the rear end of a circular dilution pipe 11, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is connected to a smoke exhaust pipe of a combustion furnace, and an exhaust flow control valve 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe;
The dilution system comprises a primary dilution bin 21, a secondary dilution bin 23 and a stay bin 26; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of a primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin 21 is connected with a secondary dilution bin 23, and the secondary dilution bin 23 is connected with a stay bin 26; the primary dilution bin 21 is provided with a primary clean air inlet 16, the primary clean air inlet 16 is connected with a primary clean air inlet pipe, the primary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a primary clean air flow control valve 17, the primary dilution bin 21 is provided with a primary bypass outlet 22, the primary bypass outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18; the secondary dilution bin 23 is provided with a secondary clean air inlet 19, the secondary clean air inlet 19 is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a secondary clean air flow control valve 20; the staying bin 26 is provided with a CO 2 concentration sensor III 31;
The sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on the stay bin 26 and a plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 connected with the sampling port, PM 10、PM2.5 graded sampling can be realized on the plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 by installing different cutting heads, and the plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 are connected with a sampling pump 30 to provide power; the on-line sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer 32 and a TSI particulate matter analyzer 33 which are respectively connected with the stay bin 26 through black carbon sampling pipes.
The hearth comprises a heat insulation layer 34, a reinforcing layer 35, an aluminate cement layer 36 and a hearth bin body 37; the front of the hearth is provided with a hearth door, and the hearth door is provided with a heat-resistant glass visual window 4.
The inner capacity of the hearth bin body is 100L, and the combustion requirement of 3kg of fuel is met.
The upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a square sampling port.
The top of the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is additionally provided with a smoke purifying device 8.
The bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
The sampling head 7 adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the air flow during sampling.
The staying bin 26 is provided with an absolute pressure sensor 24 and a temperature and humidity sensor 25.
When the acquisition elements are PM 2.5, BC and OC, the sampling part comprises an off-line sampling part and an on-line monitoring part, and the off-line sampling film is a quartz film. The sampling system comprises a sampling port on a staying bin and a plurality of sampling branch pipes connected with the sampling port, an off-line sampling channel removes a particle cutting head on the original sampling branch pipe, dry silica gel particles are arranged on the sampling channel, and after the particles stay in the staying bin, the particles are adhered to a sampling film through the sampling branch pipes in sequence through power provided by a sampling control valve, so that off-line particle sampling is completed. And the on-line sampling system is used for respectively connecting an AE-33 black carbon analyzer and a TSI particulate matter analyzer of MAGEE company in the United states by using a black carbon sampling tube, and the instrument is provided with a sampling valve power. The sampling tube of the AE-33 black carbon analyzer is provided with a condensed water collecting port, and particles reach the analyzer through the condensed water collecting port by the black carbon tube, so that the real-time BC concentration change occurs; and the other on-line monitoring channel is used for enabling the particles to enter a TSI particle analysis instrument through a sampling tube so as to realize on-line monitoring of the concentration of PM 2.5 particles.
The application method of the sampling and monitoring system for the atmospheric pollutants discharged by the rural household cooking range mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) The sampling pump 30, the pre-dilution pipe fan 15, the primary clean air flow control valve 17, the primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18, the secondary clean air flow control valve 20 and the fan switch of the smoke purifying device are opened, the sampling gun barrel 9 is preheated to 120 ℃, particles in smoke are prevented from being attached to the wall of the sampling gun due to condensation, the fuel is ignited and then is sent into the combustion furnace, the combustion process can be observed through a heat-resistant glass visual window 4 arranged on one side of a hearth, after the fuel is combusted, a part of smoke enters the pre-dilution pipe after the large particles with the aerodynamic diameter larger than 2.5 microns in the smoke are removed through the rear cyclone type cutting head 10 of the sampling gun, in addition, redundant smoke is discharged into ambient air through the smoke purifying device at the top of the smoke discharging pipe 6, and the discharged concentration meets the environmental atmosphere standard. The flow rate of the flue gas is about 2-3m/s, and the concentration of the generated flue gas is about 200-300mg/m 3.
(2) Before the flue gas enters the pre-dilution pipe, a fan 15 connected with the pre-dilution pipe is opened, the dilution clean air is regulated to be 0-60L/min according to the requirement of the dilution ratio of 1-10 times, after the flue gas and the clean air are fully mixed, part of the flue gas enters the dilution system, redundant gas is discharged to the ambient air through a conduit connected with a flue gas purifying device, and an air outlet flow control valve of the pre-dilution pipe is used for controlling the flow of discharged gas.
(3) The outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of a primary dilution bin through a guide pipe, a primary clean air inlet 16 is arranged on the primary dilution bin 21, clean air is led into the primary dilution bin 21 through the guide pipe, particles entering the primary dilution bin 21 are diluted under the mixing effect of the clean air, a primary bypass outlet 22 is arranged on the primary dilution bin 21, an air outlet pipe is connected with the primary bypass outlet 22, a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18 is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and the rest of gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin 21 is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters a secondary dilution bin 23; the secondary dilution bin 23 is provided with a secondary clean air inlet 19, the secondary clean air inlet 19 is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is used for mixing, diluting and cooling under the effect of clean air introduced by the secondary clean air inlet pipe, and then enters the residence bin 26 for condensation, growth and nucleation, and then enters the sampling system. The dilution system satisfies 1:100 dilution ratio requirement.
Example 2
A rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system, the components of which include: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a dilution system and a sampling system;
The combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a furnace frame, a ventilation opening 2, an ash recovery box 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 6, wherein a drawer type containing cavity for installing the hearth is arranged in the furnace frame, and the hearth can be directly pulled out or pushed into the drawer type containing cavity; the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I5, and the matched furnace frame is also provided with a hole for installing the CO 2 concentration sensor I5; the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I5; one side of the hearth is provided with a heat-resistant glass visual window 4, the upper part of the hearth is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe 6, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a vent 2, and the lower part of the vent 2 is provided with an ash recovery box 3 for collecting residues after fuel combustion
The sampling gun comprises a sampling gun barrel 9, a sampling head 7 and a cyclone type cutting head 10, wherein the sampling head 7 stretches into the middle of the smoke exhaust pipe through a sampling port of the smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the air outlet end of the sampling gun barrel 9 is connected with a dilution system;
The dilution system comprises a primary dilution bin 21, a secondary dilution bin 23 and a stay bin 26; the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of a primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin 21 is connected with a secondary dilution bin 23, and the secondary dilution bin 23 is connected with a stay bin 26; the primary dilution bin 21 is provided with a primary clean air inlet 16, the primary clean air inlet 16 is connected with a primary clean air inlet pipe, the primary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a primary clean air flow control valve 17, the primary dilution bin 21 is provided with a primary bypass outlet 22, the primary bypass outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve 18; the secondary dilution bin 23 is provided with a secondary clean air inlet 19, the secondary clean air inlet 19 is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a secondary clean air flow control valve 20; the staying bin 26 is provided with a CO 2 concentration sensor III 31;
The sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on the stay bin 26 and a plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 connected with the sampling port, PM 10、PM2.5 graded sampling can be realized on the plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 by installing different cutting heads, and the plurality of sampling branch pipes 27 are connected with a sampling pump 30 to provide power; the on-line sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer 32 and a TSI particulate matter analyzer 33 which are respectively connected with the stay bin 26 through black carbon sampling pipes.
The hearth comprises a heat insulation layer 34, a reinforcing layer 35, an aluminate cement layer 36 and a hearth bin body 37; the front of the hearth is provided with a hearth door, and the hearth door is provided with a heat-resistant glass visual window 4. The furnace frame of the combustion furnace is provided with a movable door matched with the furnace chamber, the movable door is also provided with a visual window, and the visual window is the same as the visual window 4 in size and matched in position. When in use, the movable door is opened, the hearth with proper internal volume is selected for use, the positions of the two visual windows on the hearth door and the movable door are consistent, the sizes are the same, and the observation is convenient
Combustion of the contents of the facets.
The corresponding relation between the inner capacity of the hearth bin body and the fuel adopted in the embodiment is that
| Furnace capacity | Practical fuel quantity | Dilution ratio range |
| 50L | 50-60g | 1-100 |
| 70L | 0.5-1kg | 1-500 |
| 100L | 2-3kg | 1-500 |
The upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe 6, and the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a square sampling port.
The top of the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is additionally provided with a smoke purifying device 8, and the inside of the smoke purifying device comprises a purifier, a filter screen, a high-efficiency filter, an active carbon unit and a fan.
The bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
The sampling head 7 adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the air flow during sampling.
The staying bin 26 is provided with an absolute pressure sensor 24 and a temperature and humidity sensor 25.
When the PM 10、PM2.5 hierarchical sampling is needed to be realized by the acquisition element, the on-line monitoring only supports the on-line monitoring of TSI particulate matters, and before sampling, the cyclone cutting head is required to be detached by the sampling gun. The sampling system comprises a sampling port on a staying bin and a plurality of sampling branch pipes connected with the sampling port, wherein two PM 10、PM2.5 particulate matter cutting heads are respectively arranged on the sampling branch pipes of an offline sampling channel to realize PM 10、PM2.5 hierarchical sampling, dry silica gel particles are arranged on the sampling channel, and after the particulate matters stay in the staying bin, the particulate matters are attached to a sampling film through the power provided by a sampling control valve after passing through the sampling channel, so that offline particulate matter sampling is completed. And the on-line sampling system is used for connecting the TSI particulate matter analyzer with the stay bin by using a black carbon sampling tube, the instrument is provided with a sampling valve power, and particulate matters enter the TSI particulate matter analyzer through the sampling tube, so that the on-line monitoring of the concentration of PM 2.5/PM10 particulate matters is realized.
Claims (10)
1. A rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system, characterized in that it comprises: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a sampling gun, a pre-dilution pipe, a dilution system and a sampling system;
The combustion furnace comprises a hearth, a ventilation opening (2), an ash recovery box (3) and a smoke exhaust pipe (6); the hearth is provided with a direct-reading CO 2 concentration sensor I (5); a heat-resistant glass visual window (4) is arranged on one side surface of the hearth, the upper part of the hearth is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe (6), the bottom of the hearth is provided with a vent (2), and the lower part of the vent (2) is provided with an ash recovery box (3) for collecting residues after fuel combustion;
the sampling gun comprises a sampling gun barrel (9), a sampling head (7) and a cyclone type cutting head (10), wherein the sampling head (7) stretches into the middle of the smoke exhaust pipe through a sampling port of the smoke exhaust pipe (6), and the air outlet end of the sampling gun barrel (9) is connected with a pre-dilution pipe;
The pre-dilution pipe comprises a circular dilution pipe (11), a high-efficiency filter (14), a fan (15), a pre-dilution pipe air outlet flow control valve (13) and a CO 2 concentration sensor II (12), wherein the front end of the circular dilution pipe (11) is provided with an inlet, the inlet is sequentially provided with the fan (15) and the high-efficiency filter (14) along the air inlet direction, one end of the fan (15) is directly connected with the ambient atmosphere, ambient air is sucked in through a negative pressure mode, clean air is obtained through the high-efficiency filter (14), and the clean air enters the circular dilution pipe (11) through the inlet to be fully mixed and diluted with sampling smoke; part of mixed gas enters a dilution system, redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust port at the rear end of a circular dilution pipe (11), the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is connected to a flue gas purification device of a combustion furnace, and an exhaust flow control valve (13) is arranged on the exhaust pipe to control the flow of exhaust gas;
The dilution system comprises a primary dilution bin (21), a secondary dilution bin (23) and a stay bin (26); the outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of a primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin (21) is connected with a secondary dilution bin (23), and the secondary dilution bin (23) is connected with a stay bin (26); a primary clean air inlet (16) is formed in the primary dilution bin (21), a primary clean air inlet pipe is connected to the primary clean air inlet (16), and a primary clean air flow control valve (17) is arranged on the primary clean air inlet pipe; a primary bypass outlet (22) is arranged on the primary dilution bin (21), an air outlet pipe is connected to the primary bypass outlet, and a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve (18) is arranged on the air outlet pipe; the secondary dilution bin (23) is provided with a secondary clean air inlet (19), the secondary clean air inlet (19) is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and the secondary clean air inlet pipe is provided with a secondary clean air flow control valve (20); the staying bin (26) is provided with a CO 2 concentration sensor III (31);
The sampling system comprises an offline sampling system and an online sampling system; the off-line sampling system comprises a sampling port on a staying bin (26) and a plurality of sampling branch pipes (27) connected with the sampling port, wherein a particulate matter cutter (28) and a sampling film support (29) are respectively arranged on the plurality of sampling branch pipes (27), PM 10、PM2.5 graded sampling can be realized by arranging different cutting heads, and the plurality of sampling branch pipes (27) are connected with a sampling pump (30) to provide power; the online sampling system comprises an American MAGEE AE-33 black carbon analyzer (32) and a TSI particulate matter analyzer (33) which are respectively connected with the stay bin (26) through black carbon sampling pipes.
2. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the hearth is a cube and is of a movable drawer structure, and comprises a heat insulation layer (34), a reinforcing layer (35), an aluminate cement layer (36) and a hearth bin body (37); the hearth has a plurality of models, and the appearances of all the models are the same in size, but the content of the hearth bin body is different.
3. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the inner capacity of the hearth bin body is 50L-100L, and the combustion requirement of 50g-3kg of fuel is met.
4. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the combustion furnace is provided with a square smoke exhaust pipe (6), and the smoke exhaust pipe (6) is provided with a square sampling port.
5. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: a smoke purifying device (8) is additionally arranged at the top of the smoke exhaust pipe (6); the flue gas purification device comprises a purifier, a filter screen, a high-efficiency filter, an activated carbon unit and a fan.
6. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with rollers.
7. The rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the sampling head (7) adopts an 8mm sampling nozzle, and the sampling nozzle is opposite to the air flow during sampling.
8. The system for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants emitted by a rural domestic stove according to claim 1, characterized in that said dwell bin (26) is provided with an absolute pressure sensor (24).
9. The system for sampling and monitoring atmospheric pollutants emitted by a rural domestic stove according to claim 1, wherein the residence bin (26) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor (25).
10. The method of using a rural domestic stove exhaust atmospheric pollutant sampling and monitoring system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The sampling pump, the pre-dilution pipe fan, the primary clean air flow control valve, the primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, the secondary clean air flow control valve and the fan switch of the smoke purifying device are opened, the sampling gun barrel is preheated to 120 ℃, particles in smoke are prevented from being attached to the wall of the sampling gun due to condensation, fuel is ignited and then is sent into the combustion furnace, the combustion process can be observed through a heat-resistant glass visual window arranged on one side of a hearth, after the fuel is combusted, a part of smoke enters the pre-dilution pipe after large particles with the aerodynamic diameter of more than 2.5 microns in the smoke are removed through a rear cyclone cutting head of the sampling gun, in addition, redundant smoke is discharged into the ambient air through a smoke purifying device at the top of the smoke discharging pipe, and the concentration of discharged smoke meets the ambient atmosphere standard;
(2) Fully mixing the flue gas entering the pre-dilution pipe with clean air, adjusting the range according to the requirement of the dilution ratio of 1-10 times, enabling the clean air flow to be 0-60L/min, enabling a part of particulate matters to enter a dilution system, enabling redundant gas to enter a flue gas purification device through a conduit at the rear end of the pre-dilution pipe, discharging the redundant gas to ambient air through the purification device, and controlling the air outlet flow through an air outlet control valve arranged on the conduit;
(3) The outlet end of the pre-dilution pipe is connected with an air inlet of the primary dilution bin through a conduit, the primary dilution bin is provided with a clean air inlet, clean air enters the primary dilution bin through the inlet, particles entering the primary dilution bin are diluted under the mixing effect of the clean air, the primary dilution bin is provided with a primary bypass outlet, the primary bypass outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is provided with a primary bypass air outlet flow control valve, and the rest of gas in the mixed gas in the primary dilution bin is discharged through the air outlet pipe, and the other part of gas enters the secondary dilution bin; the secondary dilution bin is provided with a secondary clean air inlet, the secondary clean air inlet is connected with a secondary clean air inlet pipe, and then the secondary clean air inlet is used for mixing, diluting and cooling under the action of clean air introduced by the secondary clean air inlet, and then enters a residence chamber for condensation, growth and nucleation, and then enters a sampling system.
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| CN114235645B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-20 | 南通市新叶能源科技有限公司 | Smoke emission monitoring device with self-cleaning function |
| CN116380741B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-25 | 湖北圣信特种设备检测有限公司 | Device and method for detecting components of combustion flue gas of boiler |
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