CN109596475A - The aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in a kind of measurable simulated environment - Google Patents
The aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in a kind of measurable simulated environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109596475A CN109596475A CN201811606720.7A CN201811606720A CN109596475A CN 109596475 A CN109596475 A CN 109596475A CN 201811606720 A CN201811606720 A CN 201811606720A CN 109596475 A CN109596475 A CN 109596475A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
Abstract
The present invention relates to the aerosol cloud systems that atmospheric aerosol wall in a kind of measurable simulated environment damages, including being sequentially connected aerosol cloud case, the wall loss measurement device of the burner, simulated atmosphere pollutant emission of the simulation biomass open burning connect into atmosphere；System of the invention is provided simultaneously with three functions, the process of accurate, true simulation biomass open burning discharge atmosphere pollution；It is artificial controllably and repeatably to simulate atmosphere pollution produced by agricultural crop straw open burning in the physical-chemical reaction of troposphere or even each height of stratosphere, while excluding the influence of the factors such as meteorology complicated in actual environment, landform；And by AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector, WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector combined measurement, and first order kinetics variation fitting is done to black wood charcoal concentration, finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, then to κωIt is fitted with Humidity-dependencies, obtains just accurate atmospheric aerosol smog tank wall and damage parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aerosol cloud systems that atmospheric aerosol wall in a kind of measurable simulated environment damages.
Background technique
China is used as worldwide large agricultural country, and agricultural crop straw owning amount occupies first place in the world, according to statistics, about
20% or more agricultural crop straw is by direct open burning.Atmospheric aerosol caused by agricultural crop straw open burning is to environment
Deterioration (formation of such as haze) and visibility reduction play an important role, and can participate in propagation in atmosphere and chemical process, special
Different optical property and chemical component affects ground surface irradiation balance and oxidizing capacity, and can be effectively as cloud condensation nucl
Direct or indirect affects weather and solution-air circulation；Furthermore atmospheric aerosol caused by agricultural crop straw open burning has
Significant incoming call toxicity, potential threat is also played to population health.
However, being difficult to the physics of atmosphere pollution caused by capturing agricultural crop straw open burning in real atmosphere environment
Chemical process discharges the regional environment influence of atmosphere pollution, gas to further appreciate that and studying agricultural crop straw open burning
The problem for waiting effect and resident's physical and mental health needs to discharge atmosphere pollution by the method that laboratory experiment is simulated to study it
Caused environment effect and climatic effect.
Smog box is a kind of applied to the essential photochemical reaction simulation for carrying out atmosphere environmental chemistry analog study
Device can not only exclude the influence of the factors such as meteorology complicated in actual environment, landform, can also be artificial controllable and repeatable
Under conditions of simulated atmosphere chemical process, refine Atmospheric Chemistry reacting quintessence, obtain the mechanism mechanism of reaction, and verify atmospheric
Mode, research achievement can also provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control of air pollution countermeasure.
The research origin of external smog box is in the 1970s, Univ North Carolina-Chapel Hill USA in 1976 establishes outdoor
Smog box, to collect data evaluation chemical reaction mechanism.The research of domestic smog box is started late, and Peking University builds in nineteen eighty-two
At domestic earliest indoor smog case；China Environmental Science Research Institute builds up the indoor smog case of quartz material nineteen ninety-five；Tsing-Hua University
University builds up relatively large outdoor smog box experimental system for 2005.However, special for the big of simulation biomass open burning
Gas aerosol cloud case system even lacks at home.The atmosphere that Various Complex can be generated during biomass open burning is dirty
Object is contaminated, is diffused at the top of troposphere wherein a large amount of small-molecular-weight pollutant can rise with the vertical convection campaign of air, and with
Atmospheric circulation participates in the atmosphere pollution transmission process in global range.It is big to be generated during simulation biomass open burning
The reaction and transmission process of gas pollutant need to provide low temperature, and low pressure continues the environment of high light radiation, and existing atmosphere gas is molten
Glue smog box is because the limitation of its material and structure (most of to use FEP-Teflon film) can not achieve, while atmospheric aerosol
Smog box tank wall atmospheric aerosol has certain loss, but is all unable to measure and estimates.
For preferably disclose environment effect caused by agricultural crop straw open burning source emission atmosphere pollution and
Climatic effect, so relevant policies further are formulated for country, and scientific support is provided, reach mitigation and controls the mesh of atmosphere pollution
, need a kind of aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in measurable simulated environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provide atmospheric aerosol wall damage in a kind of measurable simulated environment gas it is molten
Glue smog system.
The present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
The aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in a kind of measurable simulated environment, including being sequentially connected the mould connect
Aerosol cloud case, wall loss measurement of the burner, simulated atmosphere pollutant emission of quasi- biomass open burning into atmosphere
Device；
The burner of the simulation biomass open burning includes at least: burning furnace shell is used for sealing combustion furnace
The bell of shell, and the tonifying Qi transfer tube being connected to combustion furnace enclosure interior are communicated with gas delivery tube on bell；
Aerosol cloud case of the simulated atmosphere pollutant emission into atmosphere includes at least: including: closed case
Body is located in the box body the blender of bottom, the vacuum pump for vacuumizing to closed cabinet, through the atmosphere pollution of cabinet
Input pipe is provided with check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe, to providing the humidifier of moisture in cabinet, and is located in the box body
The black light lamp in portion, the cabinet include inner housing and outer housing, and the cavity between inner housing and outer housing is divided into refrigeration
Agent circulation layer and heat-barrier coating are provided with gas test mouth and gas supplementing opening through inner housing and outer housing；
The wall loss measurement device include mass concentration analyzer, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, black wood charcoal detector and
Blowtorch, mass concentration analyzer, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, that black wood charcoal detector passes through branch conductive rubber Guan Yuqi respectively is molten
The gas test mouth of glue smog box connects, the atmosphere pollution of gas delivery tube and aerosol cloud case on burner bell
Input pipe connection.
Preferred according to the present invention, the burning furnace shell is the structure of the other end open at one end sealing, bell setting
At combustion furnace shell nozzle end, bell is connect with combustion furnace housing seal, and gas delivery tube, gas are provided at the top of bell
Transfer tube is connected to combustion furnace enclosure interior, and burning web is horizontally arranged in burning furnace shell, and the setting of tonifying Qi transfer tube is being fired
The lower section of net is burnt, tonifying Qi transfer tube passes through burning furnace shell and extends to outside shell and connect with air supplying pump, in tonifying Qi transfer tube
It is provided with flow controller and particulate filter on pipeline, makes tonifying Qi flow control in 4-10L/min by flow controller,
Preferably, tonifying Qi flow velocity is 6-9L/min, the top of burning web is provided with testing tube, testing tube extends to outside shell and and cigarette
The connection of gas analyzer.
It is preferred according to the present invention, sealing ring is provided between combustion furnace shell nozzle end and bell, burn furnace shell
Open end is fixedly connected with bell by clips.
Preferred according to the present invention, burning furnace shell is cylindrical housings, and bell is inverted funnel shape, the top of inverted funnel shape
Spout of funnel is connect with gas delivery tube, and bell open end internal diameter matches with combustion furnace shell nozzle end internal diameter, on burning web
Transparent windows are provided on the shell in portion.
Preferred according to the present invention, combustion furnace body height is 800-1200mm, interior diameter 700-800mm, bell
Inner sidewall is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the height of bell is 100-200mm, and bell bottom open end internal diameter is 700-
800mm。
Preferred according to the present invention, the inner sidewall of gas delivery tube is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, gas delivery tube
Interior diameter is 20-40mm.
Preferred according to the present invention, burning web is round asbestos burning web, and the periphery of burning web is provided with rigid fixed frame,
The other end of rigid fixed frame is fixed on the inner sidewall of burning furnace shell.
It is preferred according to the present invention, in the bottom of burning web, electric ignition device, electric ignition device and burning furnace shell are set
Ignitor switch electrical connection outside side wall, electric ignition device are close to burning sieve bottom.
Preferred according to the present invention, the flue gas analyzer is moral figure testo350pro flue gas analyzer, particulate matter mistake
Filter is highly effective air particulate matter (HEPA) filter.
Preferred according to the present invention, the inner sidewall of tonifying Qi transfer tube is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, tonifying Qi transfer tube
Interior diameter is 10-30mm.
Preferred according to the present invention, bottom is provided with collection tray in burning furnace shell.
Preferred according to the present invention, the tonifying Qi transmission tube end in burning furnace shell is provided with nozzle, nozzle and combustion
The center for burning net is opposite, and the distance between nozzle and burning web are 10-15cm.
Simulate the burner of biomass open burning, the distance between nozzle and burning web, tonifying Qi flow velocity, combustible substance
Selection, combustible substance amount, the dehydration of combustible substance experience, the precipitation of volatile matter and burning (appearance of open fire), fire can be made
Yin after flame extinguishing burns and (burns on the surface of coke) and ashes form the equal stages, and burning time is long, temperature height, with reality scene
Under open burning process be consistent, make combustible substance indoors in the case of real simulation open burning process, fire its open fire
It burns, avoids stewing combustion, avoid burning insufficient, it is true, accurate to simulate the actual conditions of open burning, it can true and accurate simulation
The whole process of open biomass combustion.
Preferred according to the present invention, the cabinet is cylinder, and cylindrical both ends are respectively the arc of outwardly convex,
Cabinet internal upper part is provided with temperature monitoring probe and humidity detection probe, temperature monitoring probe and the outer temperature indicator electricity of cabinet
Connection, humidity detection probe are electrically connected with the outer wetness display unit of cabinet, and middle part is arranged in cabinet in black light lamp parallel interval, each
Black light lamp is electrically connected with the black light lamp switch outside cabinet, and optical inductor, optical inductor and the outer light of cabinet are additionally provided in cabinet
Ratemeter electrical connection.
It is preferred according to the present invention, it is provided with cleaning mouth in cabinet middle part of sliding channel through inner housing and outer housing, cleans
Sealing cover is provided on mouthful, sealing cover is connect by sealing flange with cleaning mouth, is realized sealing cover and is cleaned the sealed connection of mouth.
Preferred according to the present invention, the external blowdown pipe of gas supplementing opening, blowdown pipe is connect with gas pump, and stream is provided on blowdown pipe
Amount controller and particulate filter are additionally provided with waste gas outlet through inner housing and outer housing in lower box.
Preferred according to the present invention, refrigerant circulation layer is connect with the circulation line outside cabinet, is arranged on circulation line
There is circulating pump.
Preferred according to the present invention, bottom is provided with smog box support frame, the motor outside blender and cabinet outside the enclosure
The outer housing of electrical connection, the rotation of motor driven blender, smog box is Stainless Steel Shell, and inner housing is Stainless Steel Shell, inner casing
The Teflon anti-stick coating of 0.3mm is coated on the inner wall of body, the volume of smog box is 4-8m3。
System of the invention is provided with check valve on gas test mouth.
Preferred according to the present invention, blowtorch is located at the outside of combustion furnace, and the jet pipe of blowtorch passes through burning furnace shell and extends to
In combustion furnace, the flame spray head of blowtorch is located at burning web top, and mass concentration analyzer is AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector,
Wide scope grain diameter spectrometer is WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, and black wood charcoal detector is AE-31 black wood charcoal detector,
Blowtorch is 0 benzine blow lamp.
Technical Sourcing Internation, the AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector U.S. is on sale, WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, beauty
MSP company, state is on sale, and AE-31 black wood charcoal detector Beijing Song Xinhongze Science and Technology Ltd. is on sale
The aerosol cloud systematic difference method that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in above-mentioned measurable simulated environment, including step
It is as follows:
1) blowtorch is opened, air supplying pump is opened, the air without particulate matter is inputted to furnace shell is burnt by tonifying Qi transfer tube, is opened
Flue gas analyzer observes #0 gasoline combustion situation in blowtorch, provides CO and CO in real time by flue gas analyzer2Concentration value and meter
Efficiency of combustion is calculated, the air inflow by adjusting tonifying Qi air pump keeps open fire combustion state (efficiency of combustion > 0.9)；
2) it is vacuumized by cabinet of the vacuum pump to aerosol cloud case, pressure in aerosol cloud case is made to reach 8-
12Pa closes vacuum pump, opens the check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe, and the atmosphere pollution above burner is by falling
The mode of suction enters the atmospheric aerosol smog box of vacuum by gas delivery tube, check valve is closed after 4-6min, according to simulation
Atmosphere pollution in troposphere or even stratosphere actual environment background, adjust smog the temperature inside the box, humidity, intensity of illumination, lead to
Pressure in gas supplementing opening tonifying Qi adjusting tank body is crossed, turn on agitator stirring keeps internal mix uniform, after parameter stability, opens gas
Body tests mouth, and mass concentration analyzer monitors the PM2.5 mass concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer
Monitoring is passed through the partial size Particle density of black wood charcoal in smog box, and black wood charcoal detector monitors the concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, to black wood charcoal
Concentration does first order kinetics variation fitting, finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, and to κωWith Humidity-dependencies
Fitting obtains accurate atmospheric aerosol smog tank wall damage parameter.
By taking mid latitudes as an example, mid latitudes atmosphere convection layer height is 10-12km, the environment temperature in troposphere
Under normal circumstances with the every raising 100m of height, 0.6 DEG C is reduced.It is 17 DEG C of calculating, mid latitudes pair with sea level environment temperature
Environment temperature at the top of fluid layer is about -55 DEG C.In the present invention, atmospheric aerosol smog box inside and outside wall is all made of stainless steel material,
The extreme environment of tolerable low-temp low-pressure, and the humidity control apparatus in smog box can make relative humidity from 0.5% to
100%.
System of the invention has the characteristics that following three: mending first is that being adjusted by real-time monitoring agricultural crop straw efficiency of combustion
Tolerance guarantees the prolonged open fire burning of straw sample, more preferable simulation agricultural crop straw open burning process；Second is that passing through tune
The parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, the intensity of illumination of smog box are saved, artificial controllably and repeatably simulation agricultural crop straw is outdoor
Atmosphere pollution produced by burning while excluding actual environment in the physical-chemical reaction of troposphere or even each height of stratosphere
The influence of the factors such as meteorology, the landform of middle complexity；Third is that passing through AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector, WPS-1000XP wide scope
Grain diameter spectrometer, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector combined measurement, and first order kinetics variation fitting is done to black wood charcoal concentration, find out matter
It measures concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damages κω, then to κωIt is fitted with Humidity-dependencies, obtains just accurate atmospheric aerosol smog
Tank wall damages parameter.
System of the invention is preferably to disclose area caused by agricultural crop straw open burning source emission atmosphere pollution
Domain environmental effect and climatic effect play the role of crucial foundation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment of the invention is provided simultaneously with three
Function, the process of accurate, true simulation biomass open burning discharge atmosphere pollution；It is artificial controllable and repeatably simulate
Atmosphere pollution produced by agricultural crop straw open burning troposphere or even each height of stratosphere physical-chemical reaction, together
When exclude the influences of the factors such as complicated meteorology, landform in actual environment；And by AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector,
WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector combined measurement, and first order kinetics are done to black wood charcoal concentration
Variation fitting finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, then to κωIt is fitted, obtains just accurate with Humidity-dependencies
Atmospheric aerosol smog tank wall damages parameter.
2, the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment of the invention uses
AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector, WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector are used in conjunction, with this
The suitability of the system of invention is good, by the PM2.5 mass concentration of black wood charcoal, the partial size Particle density of black wood charcoal and the concentration of black wood charcoal,
κ is damaged by mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wallω, then to κωIt is fitted with Humidity-dependencies, has accurately obtained atmospheric aerosol
Smog tank wall damage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that can measure the aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in simulated environment；
In figure, 1 be clips, 2 be transparent windows, 3 be electric ignition device, 4 be electric ignitor switch, 5 be burning ashes
Collection tray, 6 be gas delivery tube, 7 be bell, 8 be sealing ring, 9 be moral figure testo350pro flue gas analyzer, 10 be stone
Cotton burning web, 11 be rigid fixed frame, 12 be tonifying Qi transfer tube, 13 be flow controller, 14 be high-efficiency particulate filter
(HEPA), 15 be air supplying pump, 16 be burning furnace shell,
17 check valves, 18 temperature indicators, 19 humidifiers, 20 wetness display units, 21 inner housings, 22 refrigerant circulation layers,
23 heat-barrier coatings, 24 gas test mouths, 25 gas supplementing openings, 26 waste gas outlets, 27 refrigerant circulation lines, the support of 28 smog boxes
Frame, 29 magnetic stirring apparatus, 30 vacuum pumps, 31 sealing covers, 32 sealing flanges, 33 black light lamps, 34 cleaning mouths, 35 outer housings；36 lead
Electric rubber tube, 37AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector, 38WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, 39AE-31 black wood charcoal
Detector, 40 blowtorch.
Fig. 2 be concentration variation diagram of the BC particulate matter in smog box at any time, (a) be 40%~55%RH and 80%~
BC particulate matter quality concentration changes under 95%RH, is (b) the BC particulate matter volume at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH
Concentration variation diagram.
Fig. 3 is BC particle concentration first order kinetics variation fitting and κ at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RHω
With humidity phase relation analysis chart, (a) is the fitting of BC particulate matter quality concentration primary dynamic variation and κωWith humidity phase relation point
Analysis figure is (b) fitting of BC particulate matter volume concentration primary dynamic variation and κωWith humidity phase relation analysis chart,
Fig. 4 BC particulate matter geometric mean diameter variation diagram at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH；
Fig. 5 BC particulate matter gradation diameter Particle density level-one loss coefficient at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH is fitted
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
Efficiency of combustion formula: η=[CO2 straw burnings]/([CO2 straw burnings]+[COStraw burning])
Embodiment 1:
The aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in a kind of measurable simulated environment, structure is as shown in Figure 1, include
It is sequentially connected the aerosol cigarette of the burner, simulated atmosphere pollutant emission of the simulation biomass open burning connect into atmosphere
Fog chamber, wall loss measurement device；
Burner includes the burning furnace shell 16 of other end sealing open at one end, and burning furnace shell is cylindrical housings,
Burn a height of 1000mm of furnace shell, interior diameter 750mm, is provided with bell 7 at combustion furnace shell nozzle end, is firing
It burns to be provided with sealing ring 8, combustion furnace shell nozzle end and bell between furnace shell open end and bell and fix by clips 1 and connect
It connects, bell is inverted funnel shape, and the top funnel mouth of inverted funnel shape is connect with gas delivery tube 6, gas delivery tube 6 and burning furnace shell
Internal portion communicates.The inner sidewall of bell is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the height of bell 7 is 150mm, bell bottom open end
Internal diameter position 750mm, bell bottom open end internal diameter match with combustion furnace shell nozzle end internal diameter, the inside of gas delivery tube 6
Wall is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the interior diameter of gas delivery tube is 30mm.
Burning web 10 is horizontally arranged in burning furnace shell, burning web is round asbestos burning web, the periphery of burning web
It is provided with rigid fixed frame 11, the other end of rigid fixed frame is fixed on the inner sidewall of burning furnace shell.Under burning web
Portion is provided with tonifying Qi transfer tube 12, and tonifying Qi transfer tube 12 is extended to outside shell through burning furnace shell and connect with air supplying pump 15,
Flow controller 13 and high-efficiency particulate filter (HEPA) 14 are provided on the pipeline of tonifying Qi transfer tube 12, in burning web
Top is provided with testing tube, and testing tube is extended to outside shell and connect with moral figure testo350pro flue gas analyzer 9.It is burning
Transparent windows 2 are provided on the shell in online portion.
Electric ignition device 3 is set in the bottom of burning web, electric ignition device 3 is opened with the electricity sparking outside combustion furnace housing sidewall
Close 4 electrical connections.The inner sidewall of tonifying Qi transfer tube 12 is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the interior diameter of tonifying Qi transfer tube is 10-
30mm.Bottom is provided with burning ashes collection tray 5 in burning furnace shell, and pipe end is transmitted in the tonifying Qi in burning furnace shell
Portion is provided with nozzle, and nozzle is opposite with the center of burning web, and the distance between nozzle and burning web are 15cm.
Aerosol cloud case of the simulated atmosphere pollutant emission into atmosphere includes: closed cabinet, and cabinet is
Cylinder, cylindrical both ends are respectively the arc of outwardly convex, and cabinet internal upper part is provided with temperature monitoring probe and humidity
Monitoring probe, temperature monitoring probe are electrically connected with the outer temperature indicator 18 of cabinet, humidity detection probe and the outer humidity display of cabinet
Device 20 is electrically connected, and cabinet internal upper part is additionally provided with humidifier 19, to providing moisture in cabinet.
Bottom is provided with blender 29 in cabinet, and blender is electrically connected with the motor outside cabinet, and motor driven blender turns
It is dynamic, vacuum pump 30 is provided with outside cabinet, vacuum pump connection vacuum tube simultaneously vacuumizes cabinet, and cabinet is provided with atmosphere pollution
Object input pipe is provided with check valve 17 on atmosphere pollution input pipe, and box house is provided with multiple black light lamps 33.Black light lamp is flat
Middle part is arranged in cabinet in row interval, and each black light lamp is electrically connected with the black light lamp switch outside cabinet, is additionally provided in cabinet
Optical inductor, optical inductor are electrically connected with the outer luminous intensity measurement instrument of cabinet.
The cabinet includes inner housing 21 and outer housing 35, and the cavity between inner housing and outer housing is divided into refrigeration
Agent circulation layer 22 and heat-barrier coating 23 are provided with gas test mouth 24, gas supplementing opening 25 and exhaust gas through inner housing and outer housing
Outlet 26；Check valve is set on gas test mouth 24, is provided with cleaning in cabinet middle part of sliding channel through inner housing and outer housing
Mouth 34 cleans and is provided with sealing cover 31 on mouth, and sealing cover is connect by sealing flange 33 with cleaning mouth, and seals cleaning mouth.It mends
The external blowdown pipe of port, blowdown pipe are connect with gas pump, and flow controller 13 and particulate filter 14 are provided on blowdown pipe.
Refrigerant circulation layer 22 is connect with the circulation line 27 outside cabinet, and circulating pump is provided on circulation line.Bottom outside the enclosure
It is provided with smog box support frame 28, the rotation of motor driven blender, the outer housing of smog box is Stainless Steel Shell, and inner housing is not
Become rusty steel sheel, and the Teflon anti-stick coating of 0.3mm is coated on the inner wall of inner housing, and the volume of smog box is 4-8m3,
The wall loss measurement device includes AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector 37, WPS-1000XP wide scope particle
Diameter spectrometer 38, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector 39, blowtorch 40, AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector 37, WPS-1000XP wide scope
Grain partial size spectrometer 38, AE-31 black wood charcoal detector 39 are surveyed by the gas of branch's conductive rubber pipe 36 and aerosol cloud case respectively
It tries mouth 24 to connect, check valve is provided on gas test mouth 24, blowtorch 40 is located at the outside of combustion furnace, and the jet pipe of blowtorch passes through combustion
It burns furnace shell to extend in combustion furnace, the flame spray head of blowtorch is located at burning web top.
Embodiment 2:
The aerosol cloud systematic difference method that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in the measurable simulated environment of embodiment 1, packet
Include that steps are as follows:
1) blowtorch is opened, air supplying pump is opened, the air without particulate matter is inputted to furnace shell is burnt by tonifying Qi transfer tube, is opened
Flue gas analyzer observes #0 gasoline combustion situation in blowtorch, provides CO and CO in real time by flue gas analyzer2Concentration value and meter
Efficiency of combustion is calculated, the air inflow by adjusting tonifying Qi air pump keeps open fire combustion state (efficiency of combustion > 0.9)；
2) it is vacuumized by cabinet of the vacuum pump to aerosol cloud case, pressure in aerosol cloud case is made to reach 8-
12Pa closes vacuum pump, opens the check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe, and the atmosphere pollution above burner is by falling
The mode of suction enters the atmospheric aerosol smog box of vacuum by gas delivery tube, check valve is closed after 4-6min, according to simulation
Atmosphere pollution in troposphere or even stratosphere actual environment background, adjust smog the temperature inside the box, humidity, intensity of illumination, lead to
Pressure in gas supplementing opening tonifying Qi adjusting tank body is crossed, turn on agitator stirring keeps internal mix uniform, after parameter stability, opens gas
Body tests mouth, and mass concentration analyzer monitors the PM2.5 mass concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer
Monitoring is passed through the partial size Particle density of black wood charcoal in smog box, and black wood charcoal detector monitors the concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, to black wood charcoal
Concentration does first order kinetics variation fitting, finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, and to κωWith Humidity-dependencies
Fitting obtains accurate atmospheric aerosol smog tank wall damage parameter.
Practical application example:
1. the preparation stage: the flue gas analyzer for simulating the burner of biomass open burning being connected zero pass filter, is adjusted
It is whole continue 2 minutes to " zeroing mode " after complete zeroing, starting air supplying pump to burner purge 6min；By flue gas analyzer tune
It is correctly connect with the testing tube of burner again after zero,
Before the use, aerosol cloud case need to close check valve, gas test mouth, gas supplementing opening, waste gas outlet, will clean
Mouth is covered tightly with sealing cover, and is tightened with sealing flange, guarantees air-tightness, opens vacuum pump 1 hour, tank body is vacuumized, and is opened
Refrigerant-cycle systems, by the refrigerant circulation layer of refrigerant (liquefied ammonia) injection smog box, according to the practical convection current of required simulation
Layer height by temperature monitoring probe set pot temperature (more than sea level with the every raising 100m of height, temperature reduces by 0.6 DEG C,
It is 17 DEG C of calculating with sea level environment temperature)；
2. working stage: device being sealed, guarantees the air-tightness of burner apparatus, and gas delivery tube and atmosphere gas is molten
Glue smog box is closely coupled；Air supplying pump is opened, adjusting mass flowmenter control air velocity is 9L/min, and air passes through efficient
Grain object filter (HEPA) removes the particulate matter in air, and the air of no particulate matter is passed through combustion furnace through tonifying Qi transfer tube
In body；Blowtorch is opened, #0 gasoline combustion situation is observed, after observing #0 gasoline sample all burnt, air supplying pump is closed, slowly opens
Check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe enters atmosphere pollution in smog box by gas delivery tube suck-back, and simulation is developed
Continue 4 hours；According to required humidity, opens humidifier humidifies and humidity is controlled by humidity detection probe, keep humidity
40% -55% and 80% -95%, every group of humidity repeats simulation 3 times；According to required pressure, air pump tonifying Qi is opened, is adjusted
Mass flowmenter controls air velocity, and air removes the particulate matter in air by high-efficiency particulate filter (HEPA), and passes through
Clean air gas supplementing opening is done to be passed through in smog box tank body；It opens black light lamp and the light of black light lamp is adjusted according to required uitraviolet intensity
Radiation intensity；It opens magnetic stirring apparatus 1 hour, keeps internal mix uniform by the flabellum uniform stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus；
Gas test mouth is slowly opened, black wood charcoal in smog box is passed through by the monitoring of AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector
PM2.5 mass concentration, the partial size number for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box by the monitoring of WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer are dense
Degree is passed through the concentration of black wood charcoal in smog box by the monitoring of AE-31 black wood charcoal detector.Finally, doing first order kinetics to black wood charcoal concentration
Variation fitting finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, and to κωIt is fitted, obtains accurately big with Humidity-dependencies
Gas aerosol cloud tank wall damages parameter,
3. wash phase: after the completion of measurement work, first closing gas test mouth will be freezed by refrigerant-cycle systems
The refrigerant circulation layer of fog chamber is extracted in agent (optional liquefied ammonia) out, is returned smog box and is warmed to room temperature；Air pump tonifying Qi is opened, tank body is made
Pressure recovery is to normal pressure, then opens outlet port, and the intracorporal exhaust gas of tank is discharged by air pump, then opens sealing cover, real
The personnel of testing can enter smog box tank body by cleaning mouth, and clean inner wall with 50vol.% aqueous alcohol, finally blast into tank
Clean air is done to wait for testing use next time；Combustion furnace bell is opened, asbestos burning web and burning ashes collection tray, cleaning are taken out
Agricultural crop straw sample combustion ashes, and cleaned with 50vol.% aqueous alcohol, to test use next time after drying.
Experimental example: wall damage test
Wall damage is aerosol particle state and the major reason of gaseous composition loss in simulation process, and suspended state particulate matter is because quiet
Electric attraction and spread and be adsorbed to smog tank wall；Wall damage is the core of smog box boundary effect, and smog box specific surface area is bigger
Wall damage is also more violent.Conventional wall damage amendment multi-pass crosses the pure ingredient of measurement standard in the smog box consistent with actual experiment
Level-one or nearly first order kinetics loss factor κω.Wall damages continuous mode, does not consider that chemical process or ingredient point occur in smog box
Solution, is defaulted as inertia rigidity bead for standard particle object, then κωIt is as follows to derive calculation method:
DC is that chemical concentration changes in any time smog box,It is concentration caused by instrument monitoring tonifying Qi
Dilution loss, V is smog box effective volume, and υ is the total sampling flow of monitoring instrument；-C×κωDt formula level-one wall damage causes concentration to become
Change, κωIt is level-one wall damage coefficient (unit: s-1)
Then the κ of standard analysis is usedωCorrect the variation of practical aerosol concentration；Wall damage coefficient is the basic ginseng of smog box
Number, for aerosol wall damage simulation be often used be simple grain diameter or dispersion PSL, (NH4)2SO4, BC particulate matter etc., the present invention
Wall damage research is carried out by taking BC aerosol as an example.
BC aerosol is mixed and burned generation with high pure air using after the gasification of #0 diesel oil blowtorch, and the BC particulate matter of generation is being led
Before entering smog box, the gaseous contamination by-product of combustion process generation is removed by activated carbon adsorption pipe, uses WPS-1000XP
The monitoring of wide scope grain diameter spectrometer imports BC particle concentration in smog box, controls BC in~6000/cm3, then use
WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer and AM510PM2.5 particulate matter detector monitoring BC particle size and concentration become
Change, simulation, which is developed, continues 4h, and humid control repeats simulation 3 times in 40% -55%RH and 80% -95%RH, every group of humidity.
BC particulate matter is aged in smog box, does not consider there be new particles generation (New Particle Formation, NPF)
And the mass transfer process such as gas-solid conversion, then the variation of its concentration is mainly wall adsorption loss, and BC particulate matter is in smog box
Concentration variation at any time is as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 (a) is the BC particulate matter quality at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH
Concentration variation, Fig. 2 (b) are the BC particulate matter volumetric concentration variation diagram at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH.
First order kinetics variation fitting is done to BC concentration, finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, and to κω
It is fitted with Humidity-dependencies, as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 (a) is the BC particulate matter quality at 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%RH
The fitting of concentration primary dynamic variation and κωIt is analyzed with humidity phase relation, Fig. 3 (b) is in 40%~55%RH and 80%~95%
The fitting of BC particulate matter volume concentration primary dynamic variation and κ under RHωIt is analyzed with humidity phase relation；
BC particulate matter quality concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κωAs shown in table the following table 1, although BC particulate matter is hydrophobic,
Humidification still significantly increases the wall damage speed of BC, and reason may be that humidification can change the surface BC and smog tank wall environment such as charge point
Cloth, furthermore water molecule layer thickness can also change BC adsorption strength and viscosity on smog tank wall:
1 BC of table evolution mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall in smog box damage κω
BC particulate matter quality concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κωWith the following (κ of humidity linear fitωUnit: S-1):
κω/BC PM1.0Mass concentration: κω=0.44 × 10-5×RH+0.65×10-5 [3]
κω/BC PM1.0Volumetric concentration: κω=1.37 × 10-5×RH+0.91×10-5 [4]
Furthermore by WPS particle diameter distribution derive BC particulate matter geometric mean diameter (Geometric Mean Diameter,
GMD), the method is as follows:
DNGIt is Particle density geometric mean diameter, DNiIt is the median particle diameter of bin i, △ NiIt is the Particle density of bin i；
DVGIt is volumetric concentration geometric mean diameter；
Geometric mean diameter deviation algorithm is as follows:
Based on above-mentioned calculating discovery BC particle size in chamber develop be gradually increased, as shown in Fig. 4 a), GMD from
Initial 195~205nm rises to 215~235nm after 4h, and partial size increases larger under high humility.By analyzing GMD, find
The growth of BC particle size does not meet zero level or first order kinetics process, and the present invention uses crash time τ0Increase to characterize partial size
Rate size, GMD is according to indexFitting is to find out τ0, τ0It is smaller to show that partial size growth is faster, it is high such as Fig. 4
BC partial size increases very fast under humidity, and τ0With the more significant (R of RH negative correlation2~0.55).Dispersed distribution aerosol partial size increases
Generally may be interpreted as touching between particulate matter and and gas-solid transmission condensation, furthermore because different diameter airborne particle wall adsorbs in chamber
The difference of ability causes aerosol partial size to change, and then is likely to occur average grain diameter variation.Wall is damaged and touched and contributed down
The variation of simple grain diameter particulate count concentration merges research, and it is dynamic that direct derivation goes out 150~450nmBC particulate matter gradation diameter Particle density level-one
Mechanics loss, such as Fig. 5, increasing particulate count concentration loss rate with partial size reduces, and humidification will increase Particle density loss rate.
It to sum up tests, collection of the invention can measure the aerosol cloud system of atmospheric aerosol wall damage in simulated environment to BC
The test result of gradation diameter Particle density loss and the particulate matter wall damage coefficient that existing literature is reported are almost the same.
Claims (10)
1. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in a kind of measurable simulated environment, including being sequentially connected the simulation connect
Aerosol cloud case, wall loss measurement dress of the burner, simulated atmosphere pollutant emission of biomass open burning into atmosphere
It sets；
The burner of the simulation biomass open burning includes at least: burning furnace shell is used for sealing combustion furnace shell
Bell, and the tonifying Qi transfer tube being connected to combustion furnace enclosure interior is communicated with gas delivery tube on bell；
Aerosol cloud case of the simulated atmosphere pollutant emission into atmosphere includes at least: including: closed cabinet, position
Blender in bottom in cabinet, the vacuum pump for vacuumizing to closed cabinet, the atmosphere pollution through cabinet input
It manages, is provided with check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe, to the humidifier of offer moisture in cabinet, and be located in the box body portion
Black light lamp, the cabinet include inner housing and outer housing, and the cavity between inner housing and outer housing is divided into refrigerant and follows
Circular layer and heat-barrier coating are provided with gas test mouth and gas supplementing opening through inner housing and outer housing；
The wall loss measurement device includes mass concentration analyzer, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, black wood charcoal detector and blowtorch,
Mass concentration analyzer, wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, black wood charcoal detector pass through branch's conductive rubber pipe and aerosol cigarette respectively
The gas test mouth of fog chamber connects, and the atmosphere pollution of gas delivery tube and aerosol cloud case on burner bell inputs
Pipe connection.
2. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the burning furnace shell is the structure of the other end open at one end sealing, and bell is arranged at combustion furnace shell nozzle end
Place, bell are connect with combustion furnace housing seal, and gas delivery tube, gas delivery tube and burning furnace shell are provided at the top of bell
Inside connection, is horizontally arranged with burning web in burning furnace shell, and the lower section of burning web, tonifying Qi transmission is arranged in tonifying Qi transfer tube
Pipe is extended to outside shell across burning furnace shell and is connect with air supplying pump, is provided with flow control on the pipeline of tonifying Qi transfer tube
Device and particulate filter make tonifying Qi flow control in 4-10L/min by flow controller, it is preferred that tonifying Qi flow velocity is 6-
9L/min is provided with testing tube on the top of burning web, and testing tube is extended to outside shell and connect with flue gas analyzer.
3. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 2, special
Sign is, sealing ring is provided between combustion furnace shell nozzle end and bell, and combustion furnace shell nozzle end passes through close with bell
Binder is fixedly connected, and burning furnace shell is cylindrical housings, and bell is inverted funnel shape, the top funnel mouth and gas of inverted funnel shape
Transfer tube connection, bell open end internal diameter match with combustion furnace shell nozzle end internal diameter, set on the shell on burning web top
It is equipped with transparent windows.
4. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 2, special
Sign is that combustion furnace body height is 800-1200mm, and the inner sidewall of interior diameter 700-800mm, bell are coated with Teflon
Anti-stick coating, the height of bell are 100-200mm, and bell bottom open end internal diameter is 700-800mm, the inside of gas delivery tube
Wall is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the interior diameter of gas delivery tube is 20-40mm.
5. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 2, special
Sign is that burning web is round asbestos burning web, and the periphery of burning web is provided with rigid fixed frame, the other end of rigid fixed frame
It is fixed on the inner sidewall of burning furnace shell, electric ignition device, electric ignition device and burning furnace shell is set in the bottom of burning web
Ignitor switch electrical connection outside body sidewall, electric ignition device are close to burning sieve bottom, and the flue gas analyzer is moral figure
Testo350pro flue gas analyzer, particulate filter be highly effective air particulate matter (HEPA) filter, tonifying Qi transfer tube it is interior
Side wall is coated with Teflon anti-stick coating, and the interior diameter of tonifying Qi transfer tube is 10-30mm.
6. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 2, special
Sign is that bottom is provided with collection tray in burning furnace shell, the tonifying Qi transmission tube end setting in burning furnace shell
There is nozzle, nozzle is opposite with the center of burning web, and the distance between nozzle and burning web are 10-15cm.
7. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the cabinet is cylinder, and cylindrical both ends are respectively the arc of outwardly convex, are provided in cabinet internal upper part
Temperature monitoring probe and humidity detection probe, temperature monitoring probe are electrically connected with the outer temperature indicator of cabinet, humidity detection probe
It is electrically connected with wetness display unit outside cabinet, black light lamp parallel interval setting middle part in cabinet, outside each black light lamp and cabinet
The electrical connection of black light lamp switch, is additionally provided with optical inductor in cabinet, and optical inductor is electrically connected with the outer luminous intensity measurement instrument of cabinet.
8. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 1, special
Sign is, cleaning mouth is provided in cabinet middle part of sliding channel through inner housing and outer housing, cleans and is provided with sealing cover on mouth, close
Capping is connect by sealing flange with cleaning mouth, is realized sealing cover and is cleaned the sealed connection of mouth, the external blowdown pipe of gas supplementing opening is mended
Tracheae is connect with gas pump, and flow controller and particulate filter are provided on blowdown pipe, in lower box, runs through inner housing
Waste gas outlet is additionally provided with outer housing.
9. the aerosol cloud system that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment according to claim 1, special
Sign is that refrigerant circulation layer is connect with the circulation line outside cabinet, circulating pump is provided on circulation line, outside the enclosure bottom
Portion is provided with smog box support frame, and blender is electrically connected with the motor outside cabinet, the rotation of motor driven blender, outside smog box
Shell is Stainless Steel Shell, and inner housing is Stainless Steel Shell, and the anti-snearing of Teflon of 0.3mm is coated on the inner wall of inner housing
Layer, the volume of smog box are 4-8m3, blowtorch is located at the outside of combustion furnace, and the jet pipe of blowtorch passes through burning furnace shell and extends to combustion
It burning in furnace, the flame spray head of blowtorch is located at burning web top, and mass concentration analyzer is AM510 PM2.5 particulate matter detector,
Wide scope grain diameter spectrometer is WPS-1000XP wide scope grain diameter spectrometer, and black wood charcoal detector is AE-31 black wood charcoal detector,
Blowtorch is 0 benzine blow lamp.
10. the aerosol cloud systematic difference side that atmospheric aerosol wall damages in measurable simulated environment described in claim 1
Method comprises the following steps that
1) blowtorch is opened, air supplying pump is opened, the air without particulate matter is inputted to furnace shell is burnt by tonifying Qi transfer tube, opens flue gas
Analyzer observes #0 gasoline combustion situation in blowtorch, provides CO and CO in real time by flue gas analyzer2Concentration value and calculate combustion
Efficiency is burnt, the air inflow by adjusting tonifying Qi air pump keeps open fire combustion state (efficiency of combustion > 0.9)；
2) it is vacuumized by cabinet of the vacuum pump to aerosol cloud case, pressure in aerosol cloud case is made to reach 8-12Pa, closed
Vacuum pump is closed, the check valve on atmosphere pollution input pipe, the side that the atmosphere pollution above burner passes through suck-back are opened
Formula enters the atmospheric aerosol smog box of vacuum by gas delivery tube, check valve is closed after 4-6min, according to the atmosphere of simulation
Pollutant adjusts smog the temperature inside the box, humidity, intensity of illumination, passes through tonifying Qi in troposphere or even stratosphere actual environment background
Pressure in mouth tonifying Qi adjusting tank body, turn on agitator stirring, keeps internal mix uniform, after parameter stability, opens gas test
Mouthful, mass concentration analyzer monitors the PM2.5 mass concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, and the monitoring of wide scope grain diameter spectrometer is logical
Enter the partial size Particle density of black wood charcoal in smog box, black wood charcoal detector monitors the concentration for being passed through black wood charcoal in smog box, does to black wood charcoal concentration
First order kinetics variation fitting finds out mass concentration and volumetric concentration level-one wall damage κω, and to κωIt is fitted, obtains with Humidity-dependencies
It obtains accurate atmospheric aerosol smog tank wall and damages parameter.
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