CN112575156A - Cogging method for improving segregation of medium carbon alloy steel casting blank - Google Patents
Cogging method for improving segregation of medium carbon alloy steel casting blank Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/026—Rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B2001/022—Blooms or billets
Abstract
The cogging method for improving the medium carbon alloy steel casting blank segregation comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling and is characterized in that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is adopted for heating in three sections, a heating section and a soaking section are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet of the heating furnace, the heating temperature of the heating section is 850-950 ℃, the heating temperature of the heating section is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃. The center segregation of the small casting blank obtained by the invention is reduced from 2.5 grade to below 1.0 grade, and the grain size of the finished product which is normally rolled can be uniformly controlled to be above 8 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel material production, and particularly relates to a cogging method for improving medium carbon alloy steel casting blank segregation.
Background
The medium carbon alloy steel wire comprises alloy cold forging steel, spring steel and the like, and is mainly used for manufacturing key parts such as automobile high-strength bolts, sleeves, special-shaped parts, suspension springs and the like. In recent years, China has achieved outstanding performance in the aspects of preparation and replacement import of steel for automobile parts, but the production technology and application of the high-quality steel for automobile parts have a large gap compared with the foreign advanced countries, and the gap mainly shows in the aspects of production technology maturity and quality stability control of high-quality steel wires for automobile parts in China, such as the cracking rate in the material forming process, the fatigue life of high-strength bolts and springs and the like. The product can not meet the requirements of high fatigue, large deformation, low fluctuation, low cost and customization in the application process, wherein the material structure uniformity and stability are main factors influencing the performances of fatigue and the like, the most important factor for medium carbon alloy steel is the casting blank segregation problem, green development helps to promote curve overtaking of new energy automobiles, the high quality development of Chinese steel is vital, and the key performance needs to be improved urgently.
Because medium carbon alloy steel is mainly used for the service environment with the strength of more than 1000MPa, the requirement on fatigue life is strict, most of the medium carbon alloy steel depends on import, the main factor influencing the fatigue life is segregation, and domestic patents on reducing the segregation of casting blanks are rarely reported at present: the Chinese patent with the application number of 201210174384.X discloses a method for reducing the frame-shaped segregation of Cr and Mo steel rolled materials, which mainly controls the electromagnetic stirring intensity, the frequency, the total water quantity, the specific water quantity, the overheating and the pulling speed of a secondary cooling area, reduces the frame-shaped segregation by rolling, but has higher cost and low efficiency, and can not completely eliminate the problems of central segregation and the like. The chinese patent application No. 201911233884.4 discloses that "a process method for controlling central carbon segregation of a bearing steel casting blank" promotes the floating of molten steel inclusions by controlling the temperature of a package in the continuous casting process, and adopts technical schemes such as a submerged nozzle and electromagnetic stirring, reduces inclusions in the casting blank, improves the isometric crystal rate of the casting blank center, reduces the carbon segregation index of the casting blank center, and only can not completely guarantee the casting blank segregation quality from the steelmaking continuous casting process, and multiple tests find that the central segregation still exists. Chinese patent application No. 201910299087.X discloses a method for improving the frame segregation of a bloom continuous casting slab, which comprises the steps of: the drawing speed, the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer, the secondary cooling electromagnetic stirring position and the like are used for improving the frame segregation of the bloom continuous casting billet, reducing the influence of the drawing speed on the production efficiency, increasing the cost and the production period and being incapable of effectively improving the segregation quality of the casting billet.
The above patents mainly increase the cost and production period by means of pulling speed, electromagnetic stirring and the like in the steel-making continuous casting process, and the segregation of the casting blank cannot be solved effectively to a large extent. How to control under the conventional continuous casting parameters of a steelmaking process, the existing production equipment does not separately carry out a diffusion annealing process by utilizing a billet two-fire forming process to effectively ensure the segregation quality of a casting blank, and the problem of supporting the high quality improvement of carbon alloy steel in China is to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cogging method for improving the casting blank segregation of medium carbon alloy steel, and eliminating the casting blank segregation problem of medium carbon alloy steel, particularly the center segregation of the casting blank.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cogging method for improving medium carbon alloy steel casting blank segregation comprises cogging heating and cogging rolling procedures, wherein a heat accumulating type heating furnace is adopted to carry out heating in three sections, a first heating section, a second heating section and a soaking section are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet of the heating furnace, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 850-950 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃.
The casting blank can be heated to the temperature of 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ lower than the solidus line for heat preservation for a certain time, so that the uniform diffusion of segregation elements is realized after the solid solution, the dendritic crystal segregation and the regional segregation generated in the solidification process of the casting blank are effectively eliminated, and the dispersion distribution of components is realized. In addition, considering the temperature of the second brittle zone of the medium carbon alloy steel (700-;
compared with the conventional process, the method adopts sectional heating, quickly avoids a brittle zone at the initial stage, realizes the dispersion and diffusion of segregation components at a lower uniform heating temperature, ensures original austenite grains, and avoids mixed grains.
Further, in the cogging rolling procedure, the large square billet is rolled into a small square billet, nine times of rolling are adopted, the rolling reduction of 50-60mm is adopted in the first four times, the rolling reduction of 20-30mm is adopted in the middle four times, and the rolling reduction of 10-20mm is adopted in the last time.
By adopting enough cogging reduction, the microscopic crystals of the casting blank slide through dislocation to break the mutual locking action among crystal branches, so that dispersed and isolated irregular shrinkage porosity formed in the solidification shrinkage process is welded in the cogging uniform reduction process, the internal porosity of the steel blank is eliminated, the casting blank uniformly remolds the isometric crystals and columnar crystals of the casting blank through uniform deformation of large reduction, and the segregation quality of the casting blank is greatly improved by the principle.
Further, in the cogging heating procedure, the total heating time is 5-6 hours, and the heat preservation time of the steel billet at the temperature of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.5-2 hours.
In order to avoid excessive growth of austenite grains in a casting blank, the heating temperature is reduced and the heat preservation time is shortened, so that the total heating time is designed to be 5-6 h, and the heat preservation time of the billet at the temperature of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is designed to be 1.5-2 h.
Further, the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is controlled to be below 4 percent.
Considering the influence of the heating process on the decarburization of the cast billet, the residual oxygen amount in the furnace is strictly controlled to avoid oxidation reaction, so that the residual oxygen amount in the heating furnace is controlled below 4 percent.
Preferably, the cross-sectional dimension of the bloom is 280 × 280mm to 325 × 325mm, and the cross-sectional dimension of the billet is 120 × 120mm to 180 × 180 mm.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the center segregation of the small casting blank obtained by the invention is reduced from 2.5 grade to below 1.0 grade, and the grain size of the finished product which is normally rolled can be uniformly controlled to be above 8 grade. The invention can effectively improve the casting blank segregation and the structure uniformity of the medium carbon alloy steel, and the parts made of the medium carbon alloy steel can meet the requirements of uniform component distribution and structure state of raw materials under high-speed service no matter an engine or a suspension spring is in service.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained by cogging the carbon alloy steel in example 1
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained by cogging the carbon alloy steel in example 2
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained by cogging the medium carbon alloy steel in example 3
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained after cogging the carbon alloy steel in example 4
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained after cogging the carbon alloy steel in example 5
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the macrostructure of a billet obtained after cogging the medium carbon alloy steel in example 6
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 1 by rolling
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 2 by rolling
FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 3 by rolling
FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 4 by rolling
FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 5 by rolling
FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the grain size of a wire rod made of a carbon alloy steel in example 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to better illustrate the invention, the following examples are given by way of further illustration.
Example 1
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank bloom, wherein the section size of the bloom is 280 x 325mm, the section size of a small billet is 160 x 160mm, the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step is that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is divided into three sections for heating, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 850 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1050 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1150 ℃, the total heating time is 6h, the heat preservation time of the steel billet in the temperature section which is more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 2h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 4%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine times of rolling, adopting 50mm of rolling reduction in the first four times, adopting 30mm of rolling reduction in the middle four times, and adopting 10mm of rolling reduction in the last time.
Example 2
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank bloom, wherein the section size of the bloom is 280 x 325mm, the section size of a small bloom is 160 x 160mm, the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step is that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is divided into three sections for heating, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 950 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1150 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1250 ℃, the total heating time is 5h, the heat preservation time of the steel blank in the temperature section which is more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.5h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 3%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine times of rolling, adopting 60mm of rolling reduction in the first four times, adopting 20mm of rolling reduction in the middle four times, and adopting 20mm of rolling reduction in the last time.
Example 3
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank bloom, wherein the section size of the bloom is 280 x 325mm, the section size of a small bloom is 160 x 160mm, the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step is that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is divided into three sections for heating, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 900 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1110 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1200 ℃, the total heating time is 5.5h, the heat preservation time of the steel blank in the temperature section of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.5h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 2%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine times of rolling, adopting 55mm of rolling reduction in the first four times, adopting 25mm of rolling reduction in the middle four times, and adopting 20mm of rolling reduction in the last time.
Example 4
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank bloom, wherein the section size of the bloom is 280 x 325mm, the section size of a small bloom is 160 x 160mm, the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step is that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is divided into three sections for heating, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 920 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1150 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1180 ℃, the total heating time is 5.2h, the heat preservation time of the steel blank in the temperature section which is more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.6h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 1%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine-pass rolling, adopting the rolling reduction of 56mm in the first four passes, adopting the rolling reduction of 24mm in the middle four passes, and adopting the rolling reduction of 18mm in the last pass.
Example 5
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank into a bloom with the section size of 280 x 280mm and the section size of a small billet of 120 x 120mm, wherein the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step comprises heating in three sections by a heat accumulating type heating furnace, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 871 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1131 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1167 ℃, the total heating time is 5.7h, the heat preservation time of the steel billet in the temperature section of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.3h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 3.4%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine times of rolling, adopting 53mm of rolling reduction in the first four times, adopting 27mm of rolling reduction in the middle four times, and adopting 13mm of rolling reduction in the last time.
Example 6
Cogging a medium carbon alloy steel casting blank into a bloom, wherein the section size of the bloom is 325 multiplied by 325mm, the section size of a small billet is 180 multiplied by 180mm, the cogging process comprises the steps of cogging heating and cogging rolling, the cogging heating step comprises the steps of heating in three sections by a heat accumulating type heating furnace, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 891 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1141 ℃, the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1231 ℃, the total heating time is 5.9h, the heat preservation time of the steel billet in the temperature section of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.8h, and the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is 2.7%. And a cogging rolling procedure, namely rolling the large square billet into a small square billet, adopting nine times of rolling, adopting a rolling reduction of 58mm in the first four times, adopting a rolling reduction of 29mm in the middle four times, and adopting a rolling reduction of 16mm in the last time.
The billets obtained after cogging in examples 1 to 6 were pickled at a low power level according to the national test standards and then subjected to center segregation test, and the test results are shown in Table 1. FIGS. 1 to 6 are photographs of macrostructures of the pickled billets of examples 1 to 6. The billets obtained in examples 1 to 6 after cogging were rolled into wire rods, the structure grain size of the wire rods is shown in Table 1, and FIGS. 7 to 12 are photographs showing the structure grain size of the wire rods rolled from the billets in examples 1 to 6.
TABLE 1
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A cogging method for improving medium carbon alloy steel casting blank segregation comprises cogging heating and cogging rolling procedures and is characterized in that a heat accumulating type heating furnace is adopted to perform heating in three sections, a first heating section, a second heating section and a soaking section are sequentially arranged from an inlet to an outlet of the heating furnace, the heating temperature of the first heating section is 850-950 ℃, the heating temperature of the second heating section is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heating temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃.
2. The cogging method for improving the casting blank segregation of the medium carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein in the cogging rolling procedure, the large billet is rolled into the small billet, nine times of rolling are adopted, the rolling reduction of 50-60mm is adopted in the first four times, the rolling reduction of 20-30mm is adopted in the middle four times, and the rolling reduction of 10-20mm is adopted in the last time.
3. The cogging method for improving the casting blank segregation of the medium carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cogging heating process, the total heating time is 5-6 hours, and the holding time of the billet at the temperature of more than or equal to 1150 ℃ is 1.5-2 hours.
4. A cogging method for improving medium carbon alloy steel billet segregation in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that the residual oxygen content of the heating furnace is controlled to be below 4%.
5. A cogging method for improving segregation of medium carbon alloy steel billets as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cross-sectional size of the bloom is 280 x 280mm to 325 x 325mm, and the cross-sectional size of the billet is 120 x 120mm to 180 x 180 mm.
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CN113618498A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 | Steel billet grinding method applied to high-strength alloy spring steel |
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US20150243418A1 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2015-08-27 | Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Hot Rolled Silicon Steel Producing Method |
CN104141039A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-11-12 | 河北工程大学 | Rolling technology for controlling decarbonization of 42CrMo steel bloom hot-rolled wire rod |
CN106399654A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-15 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for relieving pattern segregation of spring steel |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |