A kind of aldural that reduces loose and shrinkage porosite and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aldural, also relate to its preparation method.
Background technology
The forming property of present aluminum alloy materials during except the large-scale ingot blank of founding is relatively poor, large-scale ingot blank is not high in the hardening capacity of heat treatment process, tempering resistance is relatively poor and can not satisfy higher mechanical property requirements or some property (as heat-resisting, anti-corrosion) etc., is significant deficiency yet.These defectives make it form the technology breakpoint that is difficult to cross in the process of the strong materials of weight such as field of engineering technology instead of steel goods and structure.
Generally thick at casting crystalline grain, organize unsound position can produce loose and shrinkage porosite, for example near the foundry goods ingate, be connected with shrinkage cavity, or rising head root, thick big heat energy-saving position and the zones such as thin-walled place with big plane.
Shrinkage porosite is on low power test piece surface or section occur to disperse and tiny shrinkage cavity could be found by magnifying glass sometimes, and formation is irregular along the geode hole under high power.The liquid phase that has is intercepted by thick needle-like iron phase β (Al9Si2Fe2) and forms shrinkage porosite.Loose form is similar with shrinkage porosite, but hole is more tiny, and it is dispergated, deformed spongy loose that the low power test piece after etch is, and generally is uneven distribution in α (Al) interdendritic under high power.For the higher alloy of cupric, around microporosity, more Al2Cu phase is often arranged, under details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues, observe, loosening is white light tone, and the as cast condition fracture is canescence or light yellow and grey black.
Loose and shrinkage porosite has been isolated intercrystalline contact, and is more remarkable to the influence of mechanical property, especially bears the part of hydraulic pressure or air pressure, can cause leakage of oil and ventilative, endangers bigger.Along with the increase of loose and shrinkage porosite degree, mechanical property and resistance to air loss worsen thereupon.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of aldural, can overcome the deficiency of existing aluminium alloy capability, improve its obdurability, plasticity and hardening capacity, for efficient deep processing provides high-end base material.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of aldural, by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.3~0.7% Si, Fe smaller or equal to 0.5%, Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%, Mn smaller or equal to 0.03%, 0.35~0.8% Mg, the Cr smaller or equal to 0.03%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%, 1.2~1.8% Mo, 0.09~0.13% N, 0.04~0.07% Li, 0.07~0.1% B, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.1% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2N and LiBHEt
3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, comprise the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.3~0.7%, Fe smaller or equal to 0.5%, Cu smaller or equal to 0.1%, Mn smaller or equal to 0.03%, 0.35~0.8% Mg, the Cr smaller or equal to 0.03%, the Zn smaller or equal to 0.1%;
Step 2: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.29~1.93% simultaneously
2N and 0.66~1.0% LiBHEt
3(lithium triethylborohydride) powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of cast aluminium alloy foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Alloy liquid shrink and solidification shrinkage greater than Solid State Contraction, freezing period is long, gas content is too much, all can influence formation loose and shrinkage porosite, and in the end solidify position (thermal center place) easily and shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite occur.For example at interval big Al-Cu and Al-Mg etc. be basic solid solution build aluminium alloy to liquid crystalization, under the balance cooling conditions, solidify in the pasty state, the dendrite prosperity, the eutectic composition liquid phase is few, the contraction of dendrite sealing liquid phase and microporosity and the shrinkage porosite of separating out easy formation dispersiveness of gas dissolved.If solidification and crystallization speed is fast, the present invention has added crystal grain thinning elements such as Ti, B, when feeding is preferably arranged again, can prevent the generation of loose and shrinkage porosite.
Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3Adding in the aluminium alloy melt process with protective gas with the fluidization form, have the specific surface area more much bigger than general cake mass, can realize disperseing fast and fully contacting with melt, significantly shortened and disperseed and the uniform time.
Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3In the high temperature aluminum melt, because aluminium itself is exactly the fabulous metal of electroconductibility at normal temperatures, in the hot environment more than 700 ℃, its molten state is a kind of high-density unbound electron and aluminum ions mixture, have high activity, generate various reinforcement facies pattern materials and rotten formulation material; These atomic state materials react with aluminum substrate at once, at first dissolve in matrix and form common solution, after reaching capacity, further generate multiple intermetallic compound with aluminium again, these metallic compounds are when melt cools off, because the minimum free energy principle of system, can not stable existence in the crystal grain that forms, will be under the driving that lattice distortion can differ from move and concentrate to crystal boundary, simultaneously, because the saturation solubility of alloying element in aluminum substrate descends along with temperature and significantly reduces, so cooling along with melt, oversaturated melt is constantly separated out the intermetallic compound that is rich in alloying element, these compounds are in the intergranular enrichment, be difficult for to each other merging, in microtexture, become thick intergranular compound group, alloy is produced crisp sclerosis influence, worsen the alloy casting forming property, reduce its homogeneity, toughness, solidity to corrosion and through hardening performance.So, when alloy graining becomes the basic structure of supersaturated solid solution matrix+intergranular metallic compound, be commonly referred to pure as-cast structure, the alloy with this tissue must just can have mechanical property and other technical indicator of satisfying the demand after the thermal treatment through " solid solution+timeliness ".
Fe and Si form two kinds of Al-Fe-Si mutually easily in alloy, namely α mutually with β mutually.α mutually in the lower and β of Si content mutually in Si content higher, and the former has tangible character outline, the latter then is minute hand shape and disc shaped.Since the existence of Mg in the alloy, the preferential and Mg generation Mg of Si
2The Si phase, remaining Si and Fe form Chinese character shape α phase (Al
12Fe
3Si), be a kind of thick tissue, in alloy, be harmful to, but institute's refinements such as a small amount of transition element that this thick tissue can be existed in the matrix such as Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, V, Mo, W.Cu, Mn in the present invention's prescription have just played this thinning effect.
The present invention adds 1.29~1.93% Mo in wrought aluminium alloy
2N and 0.66~1.0% LiBHEt
3(lithium triethylborohydride) powder can effectively increase heterogeneous forming core core in alloy graining process, thereby reaches the effect of grain refining, strengthens alloy strength; And the element that adds can promote to form interstitial atom and gap mutually, during high temperature in α (Al) sosoloid solubleness big, and very little when room temperature, thereby make alloy have higher heat-treatability matter, after the thermal treatment, its intensity and hardness all have significant improvement.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.3% Si, 0.5% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Mn, 0.35% Mg, 0.03% Cr, 0.1% Zn, 1.2% Mo, 0.09% N, 0.04% Li, 0.07% B, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.1% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2N and LiBHEt
3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.3%, 0.5% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Mn, 0.35% Mg, 0.03% Cr, 0.1% Zn;
Step 2: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.29% simultaneously
2N and 1.93% LiBHEt
3(lithium triethylborohydride) powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of cast aluminium alloy foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.5% Si, 0.4% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 0.02% Mn, 0.6% Mg, 0.02% Cr, 0.08% Zn, 1.5% Mo, 0.11% N, 0.06% Li, 0.08% B, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.1% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2N and LiBHEt
3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.5%, 0.4% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 0.02% Mn, 0.6% Mg, 0.02% Cr, 0.08% Zn;
Step 2: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.61% simultaneously
2N and 0.83% LiBHEt
3(lithium triethylborohydride) powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of cast aluminium alloy foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.7% Si, 0.25% Fe, 0.07% Cu, 0.01% Mn, 0.8% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.07% Zn, 1.8% Mo, 0.13% N, 0.07% Li, 0.1% B, surplus is Al and unavoidable impurities, the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.1% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2N and LiBHEt
3, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.7%, 0.25% Fe, 0.07% Cu, 0.01% Mn, 0.8% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.07% Zn;
Step 2: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid earlier in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 earlier by formula rate, makes it to dissolve fully and melt, and 700~1000 ℃ of insulations down, obtains alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion that alloy melt is carried out the degassing and purifying operation, and lasting ventilation finishes until reaction; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.93% simultaneously
2N and 1% LiBHEt
3(lithium triethylborohydride) powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2N and LiBHEt
3In alloy melt, be evenly distributed, and fully react with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680~730 ℃, alloy liquid is come out of the stove, and carries out the Foundry Production of different goods respectively along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: the longshore current groove is toppled over and is come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone is gone in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technology, the aluminum alloy casting of cast aluminium alloy foundry goods, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.