CN112554056B - Horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge and construction method - Google Patents

Horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112554056B
CN112554056B CN202011483720.XA CN202011483720A CN112554056B CN 112554056 B CN112554056 B CN 112554056B CN 202011483720 A CN202011483720 A CN 202011483720A CN 112554056 B CN112554056 B CN 112554056B
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anchor
cable
main cable
chamber
hole
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CN112554056A (en
Inventor
余美万
余家富
张宜虎
邬爱清
王腾飞
王碧波
罗荣
王帅
范雷
苏杨
祁舒燕
李玉婕
向前
邓高阳
刘金程
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China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission
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China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D11/00—Suspension or cable-stayed bridges
    • E01D11/02—Suspension bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a horizontal anchorage structure of a suspension bridge and a construction method. The horizontal anchorage structure comprises a construction hole excavated from the back side of a mountain body in a bridge position area of the suspension bridge, a rear anchor chamber, an anchor plug body chamber and a front anchor chamber which are sequentially formed from the construction hole to the suspension bridge side in a horizontal direction, a main cable hole is constructed from the front anchor chamber to the suspension bridge side, reinforced concrete is poured in the anchor plug body chamber to form an anchor plug body, a cable scattering saddle is installed in the front anchor chamber, a cable rotating saddle is arranged in the main cable hole, a main cable is introduced into the main cable hole, is turned to be in the horizontal direction through the cable rotating saddle and penetrates through the main cable flat hole to the cable scattering saddle, and the main cable is connected with an anchor cable anchored on the anchor plug body after being scattered into cable strands through the cable scattering saddle. The relatively inclined tunnel anchor and the combined type anchor expand the rock mass bearing range, have high anchor bearing capacity, can avoid the mutual adverse effect of anchor and tunnel, improve the stability and safety of the anchor, reduce the construction difficulty, reduce the engineering investment and facilitate the operation and maintenance.

Description

Horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge and construction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering, and relates to a suspension bridge anchorage structure, in particular to a horizontal type anchorage structure of a suspension bridge and a construction method.
Background
The conventional suspension bridge anchorage structure mainly comprises a gravity type anchorage, a tunnel type anchorage, a rock mass anchor, a gravity type anchorage (tunnel type anchorage) + an anchorage of an anchor cable, a rock mass and reinforced concrete plate type anchorage, a concrete beam type rock anchor and the like. The gravity type anchorage is generally used in a ground surface weak rock mass foundation, the tension of a main cable is resisted by the friction force between the dead weight and the foundation, the earth and stone excavation and concrete construction amount is large, and the influence on the ecological environment is also large. The tunnel type anchorage is usually built in an inclined tunnel in a harder or better-integrity rock body, the tension of a main cable is transmitted to surrounding rocks through an anchor plug body, the influence of earth and stone excavation, concrete construction amount and ecological environment on the anchor is smaller, but the tunnel anchor amount required by a bridge loaded by large tonnage is still large, and the tunnel excavation and concrete pouring amount are also large. The construction procedures of the rock mass anchor and the composite anchorage are complex, and the pulling force of the anchor cable is not easy to coordinate. In recent years, tunnel anchors have a tendency of being built in soft rocks and broken rocks, the possibility that the soft rocks or the broken rocks are broken by pulling is considered, the safety coefficient of the designed tunnel anchors is generally higher, and a larger optimization space exists.
With the needs of national economic development and traffic engineering construction, a suspension bridge with double-layer, dual-purpose, high speed, ultra-large span and ultra-large tonnage bearing capacity for both public and railway will not only emerge, and the tension of a single main cable reaches or exceeds 5 ten thousand tons, and individually or even approaches 10 ten thousand tons, which puts higher requirements on the bearing capacity of an anchorage, and the adoption of the anchorage structure inevitably increases the anchorage volume, increases the anchorage burial depth or increases the number of anchor cables. The inclined tunnel anchor is built on the side of the suspension bridge, a bridge which is loaded in a large span and large tonnage needs an anchorage with a larger volume, and particularly, the anchorage surrounding rock is weak, the integrity is poor and the suspension bridge tunnel anchor chamber with a larger tonnage is huge. Some suspension bridges are limited by lines and landforms, tunnel anchors are often required to be built in IV-V-level rock masses with lower engineering quality level, for suspension bridges for double-layer use and for highway and railway use, the tunnels mostly pass through rock masses between two anchors and are arranged in the suspension bridges for double-layer use and for highway and railway use under the limitation of sites and the driving requirements, a driving lane and a platform occupy large space, the distance between a front anchor room of the tunnel anchor and a tunnel cross section is short, the rock walls are thin, and the mutual influence between the anchor and the tunnel is large; the inclined tunnel cavern of the large-volume anchorage is extremely difficult to cave, the volume of the cave and the concrete is greatly increased, the investment is large, the construction period is long, and the risk is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horizontal anchorage structure of a suspension bridge and a construction method thereof according to the defects of the prior art, the anchorage structure is small, the concrete amount is small, the rock mass bearing range can be enlarged, the anchorage bearing capacity is correspondingly improved, the adverse effect between the anchorage and a tunnel can be avoided, the risk of pulling out an anchorage plug body is greatly reduced, the anchorage safety is greatly improved, the construction cost is reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the safety risk is reduced.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a horizontal anchorage structure of a suspension bridge, which is characterized in that: the horizontal anchorage structure comprises a construction hole arranged on the back side of a mountain body in a suspension bridge site area, a rear anchor chamber, an anchor plug body chamber and a front anchor chamber which are formed by the horizontal construction of the construction hole to the suspension bridge side in sequence, a main cable hole is constructed to the suspension bridge side from the front anchor chamber, reinforced concrete is poured in the anchor plug body chamber to form an anchor plug body, a cable scattering saddle is installed in the front anchor chamber, and the main cable hole is a horizontal construction main cable flat hole or consists of a horizontal construction main cable flat hole and a main cable inclined hole constructed in an inclined upward direction; when the main cable tunnel only has a main cable horizontal tunnel, a cable rotating saddle is arranged at a tunnel entrance of the main cable horizontal tunnel close to the side of the suspension bridge, and a main cable of the suspension bridge inclines from bottom to top to the tunnel entrance of the main cable horizontal tunnel and horizontally enters the main cable horizontal tunnel and a front anchor chamber through the cable rotating saddle; when the main cable hole consists of a main cable horizontal hole and a main cable inclined hole, a cable saddle is arranged at a turning section between the main cable horizontal hole and the main cable inclined hole, a main tower higher than the opening of the main cable horizontal hole is arranged on the side of the suspension bridge, and a main cable of the suspension bridge is pulled into the main cable inclined hole from the main tower and horizontally enters the main cable horizontal hole and a front anchor chamber after being turned by the cable saddle; the main cables entering the front anchor chamber are dispersed into main cable strands with the same number as the anchor cables through the cable dispersing saddles, the anchor cables penetrate through anchor cable pipes pre-embedded in the anchor plug body to the rear anchor chamber and are anchored on the anchor plug body through the anchor, and each main cable strand is connected with the corresponding anchor cable through the anchor connector.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the horizontal anchorage structure is arranged above the tunnel.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the anchor plug body chamber shrinks layer by layer in a step shape from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber, and after steel bar concreting is performed in the anchor plug body chamber, a multilayer tower type anchor plug body which is horizontally placed in a transverse direction and consists of multiple layers of concentric cylinders with gradually reduced diameters is formed, the size of the cross section of the tower bottom surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body is equal to that of the cross section of the rear anchor chamber, and the size of the cross section of the tower top surface of the multilayer tower is equal to that of the cross section of the front anchor chamber; and the central axes of the rear anchor chamber, the front anchor chamber, the multilayer tower type anchor plug body and the main cable horizontal tunnel are superposed on the same horizontal line and superposed with the resultant force line of the main cable.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the construction hole and the anchor plug chamber are arranged on the back side of the mountain body, the inclination angle beta of the main cable inclined hole on the side of the suspension bridge is equal to the inclination angle alpha of the main cable, and the inclination angle alpha of the main cable must be as small as possible under the condition that the stability and the safety of the main tower are guaranteed, so that the stress of the inclined upward and inverted cable saddle foundation is as low as possible.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: a cable rotating saddle of a tunnel portal, which is only close to the side of the suspension bridge, of the main cable horizontal tunnel is obliquely arranged towards the side of the suspension bridge, and the main cable is directly led into the main cable from bottom to top and is horizontally extended into the main cable horizontal tunnel through the turning of the cable rotating saddle; the cable saddle arranged at the turning section of the main cable horizontal tunnel and the main cable inclined tunnel is inclined upwards and inverted, the upper half part of the cable saddle base is an arc-shaped body, the lower half part of the cable saddle base is a quadrangular frustum, and the main cable is pulled from the main tower from top to bottom into the main cable inclined tunnel and then is turned by the cable saddle to extend to the main cable horizontal tunnel; the inverted cable saddle foundation is in an expanded foundation form, is integrally poured with the side wall and the bottom plate to form an integral cable saddle chamber, and is used for reinforcing a certain range of rock mass on the arch top when necessary or is downwards provided with an anchor cable from the bottom plate of the cable saddle chamber.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the main cable flat tunnel and the main cable inclined tunnel have the same cross section size, and the main cable tunnel is also used as an overhaul tunnel.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the tower-type anchor plug body is of a tower structure consisting of a bottom-layer circular truncated cone body, a top-layer circular truncated cone body and a plurality of layers of cylinders with different diameters in the middle.
The invention also provides a construction method of the horizontal type anchorage structure of the suspension bridge tunnel anchor and the rock mass anchor, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) determining the position of a front anchor chamber according to design drawings and construction lofting, excavating a construction hole in the horizontal direction of the side of the suspension bridge in the slope direction of the mountain body back side of the bridge site area of the suspension bridge, excavating a columnar rear anchor chamber, an anchor plug body chamber, an urban portal-shaped front anchor chamber and a main cable hole through smooth blasting, wherein the rear anchor chamber, the anchor plug body chamber and the front anchor chamber are communicated with each other, and the central line is superposed with the resultant line of a main cable at the horizontal section; the main cable hole is formed by directly constructing from a front anchor chamber to the side of the suspension bridge horizontally to form a main cable horizontal hole, or constructing from the front anchor chamber horizontally to form a main cable horizontal hole, and then continuously excavating from the main cable horizontal hole to the side of the suspension bridge in an inclined manner to form a main cable inclined hole, wherein the cross section of the top end of the front anchor chamber is the same as the size of the main cable horizontal hole;
(2) in the process of excavating the cavern, carrying out spray anchoring and grouting reinforcement on the broken surrounding rock, carrying out primary spray anchoring support on the construction cave, the rear anchor room, the front anchor room and the main cable cave after the excavation of the cavern is finished, grouting local small ducts, erecting a steel arch frame support on the cave section which cannot be self-stabilized, and lining the construction cave, the rear anchor room, the front anchor room and the main cable cave with reinforced concrete;
(3) constructing a cable rotating saddle in the main cable hole; when the main cable tunnel in the step (1) only has a main cable horizontal tunnel, the swivel cable saddle is arranged at a tunnel entrance of the main cable horizontal tunnel close to the side of the suspension bridge and inclines towards the suspension bridge; when the main cable hole in the step (1) is a combination of a main cable horizontal hole and a main cable inclined hole, the cable saddle is obliquely and upwards and inversely arranged at the turning position of the main cable horizontal hole and the main cable inclined hole;
(4) excavating a cable saddle foundation in the front anchor chamber, pouring a cable saddle reinforced concrete base, and installing a cable saddle after the cable saddle reaches the design strength;
(5) after the excavation of the anchor plug body chamber and the rear anchor chamber is finished and the bottom is cleaned, an anchor cable pipe and a steel bar are accurately positioned and installed in the anchor plug body chamber, the anchor cable pipe extends to the front anchor surface from the rear anchor surface in a radial straight line mode, and the resultant force point is located at the center of the cable scattering saddle; embedding a grouting pipe between the anchor plug body and the contact surface of the top rock body, installing a front anchor surface template and a rear anchor surface template, integrally pouring micro-expansion concrete in a layered mode, vibrating and compacting, curing the concrete to form the anchor plug body, and installing an anchor cable in an anchor cable pipe embedded in the anchor plug body;
(6) after the anchor plug body concrete and the grouting body reach the design strength, arranging an anchor on the front and rear surfaces of the anchor plug body, symmetrically tensioning the anchor cables to the outer ring layer by layer from the central anchor cable to the design load, and anchoring the single anchor cable to the anchor plug body by the anchor after the single anchor cable reaches the design load;
(7) when the main cable tunnel in the step (1) only has a main cable flat tunnel, directly introducing a main cable of the suspension bridge into the main cable flat tunnel, and horizontally extending to the front anchor chamber through the turning saddle at the opening of the main cable flat tunnel; when the main cable hole in the step (1) is a combination of a main cable horizontal hole and a main cable inclined hole, a main cable of the suspension bridge is pulled from the main tower to enter the main cable inclined hole, is turned to the main cable horizontal hole through a cable turning saddle and extends to the front anchor chamber; the main cables of the suspension bridge extending to the front anchor chamber are dispersed into main cable strands with the number consistent with that of the anchor cables through a cable-dispersing saddle, and the anchor cables in the step (5) are correspondingly connected with the main cable strands one by one through anchor connectors; and tensioning to the designed load, sequentially tensioning and anchoring all the cable strands, and thus finishing the construction of the horizontal anchorage.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: in the construction process of the anchor plug body chamber in the step (1), the diameter of the anchor plug body chamber is gradually reduced from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber in a step shape to form a transverse tower type anchor plug body chamber, and after steel bars are poured into the anchor plug body chamber for concreting, a multilayer tower type anchor plug body which is transversely and horizontally placed is formed, the cross section of the tower bottom surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body is equal to that of the rear anchor chamber, and the cross section of the tower top surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body is equal to that of the front anchor chamber.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: when the cable saddle is constructed in the step (3), firstly, a reinforced concrete vault, a side wall, a bottom plate and an upper cable saddle base are integrally poured in an enlarged foundation mode, the upper part of the cable saddle base is reinforced, or an anchor cable is drilled downwards from the bottom plate to anchor the whole cable saddle scattering chamber, and then the assembled cable saddle is installed.
The horizontal anchor is a tower type anchor plug body which is horizontally provided with a round table shape, an inclined upward and inverted rotating cable saddle is arranged at the connecting section of a main cable flat hole and a main cable inclined hole, a main cable is pulled to the main cable inclined hole from a main tower and is turned to be horizontal through the rotating cable saddle, or the rotating cable saddle is arranged at a hole opening only with the main cable flat hole, and the main cable is pulled upward and is turned to be horizontal through the rotating cable saddle.
The anchor structure disclosed by the invention keeps the bearing characteristic of the traditional tunnel type anchor plug body, an integrated multilayer tower type anchor plug body is built in a rock mass on the back side of a mountain body in a bridge position area of a suspension bridge, the tower type anchor plug body is horizontally arranged, the cross section of the tower bottom of the tower type anchor plug body is the same as that of a rear anchor chamber, and the cross section of the tower top of the tower type anchor plug body is the same as that of a front anchor chamber; a main cable horizontal hole and a main cable inclined hole are dug from a front anchor chamber to the side of the suspension bridge, an inclined upward and inverted cable rotating saddle is arranged at the connecting section of the main cable horizontal hole and the main cable inclined hole, only the cable rotating saddle inclined to the side of the suspension bridge is arranged at the opening of the main cable horizontal hole, and other arrangements are the same as those of a common inclined tunnel anchor.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the back side of the mountain body in the bridge position area is provided with the anchorage, the anchorage surrounding rock is expanded to the outlet of the main cable tunnel from the front part of the rear anchor chamber, the anchorage pull-out resistance is greatly increased, the tooth ridge of the tower type anchor plug body fully utilizes the resistance of the front rock body, and the pull-out resistance coefficient of the anchor plug body and the surrounding rock stability safety coefficient are improved;
(2) under the condition that the grade and the bearing capacity of anchor surrounding rock are the same, the anchor arranged on the back side of the mountain body is smaller than the traditional inclined tunnel type anchor, so that the excavation amount of an anchor plug body hole and the concrete amount of the anchor plug body are reduced, only a cable saddle and part of main cable holes are needed to be increased, and the investment is smaller than that of an inclined tunnel anchor;
(3) the anchorage is arranged in the horizontal direction under the action of the swivel cable saddle, so that construction in the inclined direction is changed into construction in the horizontal direction, the anchorage construction difficulty is greatly reduced, the safety risk is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and the operation and maintenance are convenient;
(4) according to design requirements, the driving tunnel and the platform can be arranged in a mountain body below the anchor plug body and the main cable tunnel, so that the mutual adverse influence of the anchor and the tunnel is avoided, and the stability and the safety of the anchorage are improved;
(5) under the condition that the properties of the mountain stratum and the rock mass are complex, the selection range of the anchorage position on the main cable is large, and the weak and broken stratum can be avoided.
The horizontal type anchorage structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages that mountain surrounding rocks between the rear anchorage chamber and the opening of the main cable are expanded and utilized to the maximum extent, the tooth ridge of the tower type anchorage body fully exerts the resistance of the front rock body, the uplift resistance of the anchorage is increased, the anchorage body is arranged on the back side of the mountain body and is not easy to pull out, the horizontal type anchorage is smaller than the traditional inclined tunnel type anchorage under the same surrounding rock grade and bearing capacity, so that the chamber excavation amount and the concrete amount of the anchorage body are reduced, the construction difficulty of the anchorage is greatly reduced in the horizontal direction, a tunnel can be arranged in the mountain body under the anchorage body of the anchorage body and the main cable tunnel, the mutual influence of the anchorage and the tunnel is avoided, the investment is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the risk is reduced, the safety and the reliability are realized, and the operation and the maintenance are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structure diagram of an anchorage in the case of a combination of a main cable horizontal tunnel and an inclined tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a structure diagram of an anchorage in the case that a main cable tunnel is only a main cable horizontal tunnel;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the anchor plug body of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic rear anchor face view of the anchor plug body of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cable saddle compartment of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section of the cable saddle chamber of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1-mountain body, 2-construction hole, 3-rear anchor chamber, 4-anchor plug body chamber, 5-front anchor chamber, 6-main cable horizontal hole, 7-main cable inclined hole, 8-main cable, 801-main cable strand, 9-anchor plug body, 10-loose cable saddle, 11-swivel cable saddle, 11 a-swivel cable saddle chamber, 11 b-swivel cable saddle expansion foundation arch ring, 11 c-swivel cable saddle chamber side wall, 11 d-swivel cable saddle chamber bottom plate, 12-main cable strand, 13-anchor cable, 14-tunnel, 15-main tower, 16-rear anchor surface, 17-anchor device.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 to 4 are drawings of a horizontal anchor structure of a suspension bridge in the embodiment, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are only used for the purpose of clearly and concisely explaining the embodiment of the present invention. The following claims presented in the drawings are specific to embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, or the orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The horizontal anchorage structure of the suspension bridge provided in the embodiment is arranged above a tunnel 14, and specifically comprises a construction hole 2 arranged on the back side of a mountain 1 in a suspension bridge site area, a rear anchor chamber 3, an anchor plug body chamber 4, a front anchor chamber 5 and a main cable hole which are formed by sequentially constructing the mountain 1 to the side of the suspension bridge in the horizontal direction through the construction hole 2, and an anchor plug body 9 is formed by pouring reinforced concrete in the anchor plug body chamber 4; the anchor plug body chamber 4 shrinks layer by layer in a step shape from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber, and after reinforced concrete is poured in the anchor plug body chamber 4, a transversely and horizontally placed multilayer tower-type anchor plug body 9 with gradually reduced diameter is formed, the bottom layer and the top layer of the tower-type anchor plug body 9 are round table bodies, the middle part of the tower-type anchor plug body is in a tower structure formed by overlapping a plurality of cylinders with different diameters, the bottom surface of the tower of the multilayer tower-type anchor plug body 9 is the same as the section of the rear anchor chamber 3, and the top surface of the multilayer tower-type anchor plug body 9 is the same as the bottom surface of the front anchor chamber 5; and the central axes of the rear anchor chamber 3, the front anchor chamber 5 and the multilayer tower type anchor plug body 9 are superposed on the same horizontal line and superposed with the resultant line of the main cable 8. The construction hole 2 and the anchor plug chamber 4 after the construction are placed on the back side of the mountain 1.
The main cable tunnel can be a horizontal construction main cable tunnel or consists of a horizontal construction main cable tunnel and a main cable inclined tunnel constructed obliquely upwards.
The main cable tunnel in the first embodiment is composed of a horizontal main cable tunnel and a main cable inclined tunnel constructed obliquely upwards, specifically as shown in fig. 1, a cable saddle 11 is installed at a turning section between the main cable tunnel 6 and the main cable inclined tunnel 7, a main tower 15 higher than the tunnel mouth of the main cable tunnel 6 is arranged on the side of a suspension bridge, a main cable 8 of the suspension bridge is pulled into the main cable inclined tunnel 7 from the main tower 15, and horizontally enters the main cable tunnel 6 and a front anchor chamber 5 through the cable saddle 11; the inclination angle beta of the main cable inclined hole 7 at the side of the suspension bridge is equal to the inclination angle alpha of the main cable 8. The cable saddle 11 arranged at the turning section of the main cable horizontal hole 6 and the main cable inclined hole 7 is inverted, the inverted cable saddle foundation is in an expanded foundation form as shown in figure 5, the upper half part is an arc-shaped body, the lower half part is a quadrangular frustum, the cable saddle is integrally cast with side walls and a bottom plate to form an integral cable saddle chamber, and rock masses in a certain range on the arch top are reinforced if necessary or anchor cables are arranged downwards from the bottom plate of the cable saddle chamber.
In the second embodiment, the main cable cave is configured as a horizontal construction main cable cave, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a swivel saddle 11 is provided at a cave entrance where only the main cable cave 6 is close to the tower-free side of the suspension bridge, the swivel saddle 11 is inclined to the side of the suspension bridge, and the main cable 8 of the suspension bridge is obliquely and upwardly introduced into the cave entrance of the main cable cave 6 from below and horizontally enters the main cable cave 6 and the front anchor room 5 after passing through the swivel saddle 11. In this state, the main cable inclination angle α must be as small as possible to keep the cable saddle foundation pressure, which is inclined upward and upside down, as low as possible.
In the horizontal anchorage structure of the suspension bridge provided in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a cable-spreading saddle 10 is installed in a front anchor chamber 5, main cables 8 entering the front anchor chamber 5 are dispersed into main cable strands 801 with the same number as that of anchor cables 13 through the cable-spreading saddle 10, the anchor cables 13 penetrate through anchor cable pipes embedded in an anchor plug body 9 to reach a rear anchor chamber 3, the anchor cables 13 are anchored on a rear anchor surface 16 of the anchor plug body 9 through anchors 17, and each main cable strand 801 is connected with the corresponding tensioned anchor cable 13 through an anchor connector. In the embodiment, the main cable flat tunnel 6 and the main cable inclined tunnel 7 have the same section size, and the main cable cut tunnel is also used as a maintenance tunnel and can be used for transporting replaced anchoring parts through a main cable 10 and pedestrians.
The construction method of the horizontal anchor structure of the suspension bridge according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific engineering examples, which include horizontal anchors arranged on mountains on one or both sides of the suspension bridge. The engineering geological conditions and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass and the concrete are as follows: the slope angle of the mountain is 45-50 degrees, the buried depth of the tower type anchor plug is 30-90 m, gneiss and phyllite, the sheet-shaped to laminated structure, weak weathering to strong weathering, the integrity of the rock mass is poor, compared with crushing to crushing, underground water does not develop, the structure surface is not controlled, the quality level of the rock mass engineering is mostly IV level, and the local part is III level and V level; IV-III rock physical and mechanical parameters: the severe gamma of the rock mass is 2.45g/cm3Saturated uniaxial compressive strength Rc15-30 MP alpha, and deformation modulus E of rock masso5-10 GP alpha, 0.27 Poisson ratio mu and allowable bearing capacity [ f ] of rock massα]1.00-2.50 MP alpha; the shear strength f' of the rock mass is 0.75, c is 0.55MP alpha, and the shear strength f is 0.50; the shear strength f' of the rock mass and the concrete is 0.70, c is 0.50MP alpha, and the shear strength f is 0.45. Single main cable tension 6.0 x 105kN, 236 roots of main cable strand, PPWS5.5-127 strand 1860-ZnaL, cupA plate CP type anchor; anchor plug body concrete: design designation C40, micro-expanded; 236 anchor cable pipes are seamless steel pipes, the inner diameter of each pipe is phi 25cm, and the material of each anchor cable pipe is Q345. Swivel saddle bearing 1.26 x 105kN, compressive stress 1.75MP α.
Anchorage structural style and size: the tunnel anchorage is arranged above the tunnel, and the distance from the bottom of the rear anchorage surface to the top of the tunnel is 30 m; construction hole length 30m, city portal shape: width × height ═ 7m × 8 m; rear anchor chamber 3.5m long, circular: the radius is 7.5 m; the tower anchor plug body: the rear circular truncated cone is arranged in an IV-grade rock body, the length of the rear circular truncated cone is 5m, and the radius of a rear anchor surface is 7.5 m; the middle 3 single cylinders are 5m long, and the tooth ridge is 0.5m high; the length of the front round platform body is 5m, and the half of the front anchor surface is 7.0 m; a front anchor chamber: the length is 15m, the round platform shape is equal to the city gate shape, the radius of the lower bottom is equal to 5.0m, the city gate shape of the upper bottom, the width is equal to 3m × 3 m; main cable holes: the tunnel is shaped like an urban portal, the width multiplied by the height is 3m multiplied by 3.5m, the horizontal tunnel is 120m long, and the inclined tunnel is 60m long; the main cable and the inclined hole of the main cable form an angle of 12 degrees with the horizontal plane; scattered cable saddle basis: the reinforced concrete structure has the length multiplied by the width of 5m multiplied by 4m and the depth of 3.5 m; turning a cable saddle foundation: the steel wire rope is arranged in a level III rock body, the thickness of an overlying rock body is about 100m, the enlarged foundation is a reinforced concrete structure with a top arc shape of a cross section, the steel wire rope is obliquely upward and inverted, the length is 9m, the width is 8m, and the thickness is 3.5m, and the steel wire rope is integrally constructed with the two linings of the section of the cavern to form an integral cable saddle chamber.
The concrete construction steps are as follows:
(1) determining the position of a front anchor chamber according to a design drawing and construction lofting, excavating an urban portal-shaped construction hole 2 on the back side of a mountain 1 in a bridge site area of a suspension bridge, and excavating a circular rear anchor chamber 3, a tower-type anchor plug body chamber 4, a front anchor chamber 5 and a main cable hole through smooth blasting; the rear anchor chamber 3 is cylindrical, the tower-type anchor plug body chamber 4 is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of cylinders and then tangentially connecting the stacked cylinders with the circular truncated cone, and during specific construction, the diameter of the anchor plug body chamber 4 is gradually reduced in a step shape from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber to form a transverse tower-type anchor plug body chamber; the main cable hole is a main cable horizontal hole 6 formed by directly constructing from a front anchor chamber 5 to the side of the suspension bridge horizontally, or a main cable horizontal hole 6 is formed by constructing from the front anchor chamber 5 horizontally, and then the main cable horizontal hole 6 is continuously excavated in an inclined shape to the side of the suspension bridge to form a main cable inclined hole 7, wherein the section size of the front anchor chamber 5 gradually changes from the circular shape of the front anchor surface of the anchor plug body chamber 4 to the city portal shape of the main cable horizontal hole 6;
(2) in the construction process of a tunnel body, performing spray anchoring and grouting reinforcement on broken surrounding rocks, performing primary spray anchoring support on a construction tunnel 2, a rear anchor chamber 3, a front anchor chamber 5 and a main cable tunnel after the tunnel body is excavated, grouting local small ducts, erecting a steel arch support on a tunnel section which cannot be self-stabilized, erecting the steel arch support, and lining the construction tunnel 2, the rear anchor chamber 3, the front anchor chamber 5 and the main cable tunnel with reinforced concrete;
(3) when the main cable hole in the step (1) is a combination of a main cable horizontal hole 6 and a main cable inclined hole 7, the cable saddle 11 is obliquely and upwards inversely installed at the turning part of the main cable horizontal hole 6 and the main cable inclined hole 7 (as shown in figure 1), the cable saddle 11 is constructed, a foundation expanding mode is adopted, the confining pressure on the upper part of a cable saddle base is reinforced if necessary, an embedded part is installed, a reinforced concrete vault, a side wall, a bottom plate and an upper cable saddle base are integrally poured, an anchor cable is installed from the bottom plate in a downward drilling mode if necessary to anchor the whole cable saddle chamber, and then an assembly type cable saddle is installed; when the main cable cave in the step (1) is an integral main cable horizontal cave, the cable rotating saddle 11 is horizontally and positively arranged at a cave entrance (shown in figure 2) of the main cable horizontal cave 6 close to the side of the suspension bridge, and the construction method is the same as the conventional method;
(4) excavating a cable saddle foundation in the cable saddle chamber, pouring a cable saddle reinforced concrete base, and installing a cable saddle 10 after the cable saddle reaches the design strength;
(5) after the anchor plug body chamber 4 and the rear anchor chamber 3 are excavated and bottom-cleaned, an anchor cable pipe and a steel bar are accurately positioned and installed in the anchor plug body chamber 4, the anchor cable pipe extends to the front anchor surface from the rear anchor surface in a radial straight line mode, and the resultant force point is located at the center of the installation position of the cable scattering saddle 10; embedding a grouting pipe between the anchor plug body and the rock body contact surface, installing a rear anchor surface template, integrally pouring micro-expansion concrete in a layering manner, vibrating and compacting, and curing the concrete to form a transversely and horizontally placed multilayer tower type anchor plug body 9, wherein the outer edge of the anchor plug body 9 and the boundary of a mountain rock body form a sawtooth shape, the tower bottom surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body 9 is equal to the section of the rear anchor chamber 3 in size, and the tower top surface is equal to the section of the front anchor chamber 5 in size; installing an anchor cable in an anchor cable pipe pre-embedded in the anchor plug body;
(6) after the anchor plug body concrete and the grouting body reach the design strength, arranging an anchorage device 17 on the rear anchor surface 16 and the front anchor surface of the anchor plug body 9, symmetrically tensioning the anchor cables from the central anchor cable to the outer ring layer by layer, and anchoring a single anchor cable to the tower-type anchor plug body 9 by using the anchorage device 17 after the single anchor cable reaches the design load until all the anchor cables 13 are tensioned and anchored;
(7) leading a main cable 8 of the suspension bridge into a main cable inclined hole 7, turning the main cable inclined hole to a main cable flat hole 6 through a cable turning saddle 11, extending the main cable inclined hole to a front anchor chamber 5, dispersing the main cable strands 801 with the same number as the anchor cables 13 through a cable dispersing saddle 10, connecting the anchor cables 13 in the step (5) with the main cable strands 801 one by using an anchoring connector, tensioning the anchor cables to a designed load, and sequentially tensioning and anchoring all the strands to finish the construction of a horizontal anchorage; and then a drainage ditch is arranged from the rear anchor chamber 3 to the outside of the hole, an intercepting ditch is arranged above the hole opening, and a hole door is installed.
In the anchorage in the embodiment, the tower-type anchor plug body with a smaller section size is wrapped by the rock mass, the tower-type anchor plug body is horizontally arranged, the bearing mechanism of the traditional tunnel anchor is reserved, the surrounding rock from the rear anchor chamber to the front mountain is effectively utilized, the bearing range of the rock mass is further expanded, the bearing capacity of the anchorage is greatly improved under the action of the surrounding rock and the front mountain, and the uplift coefficient of the anchor plug body and the stable safety coefficient of the surrounding rock are high; the inclined cable saddle foundation is beneficial to the diffusion of the compressive stress generated by the steering of the main cable to the rock mass in the middle of the mountain; the horizontal tower type anchorage is smaller than the traditional tunnel type anchorage body in size, so that the excavation amount of an anchor body chamber and the concrete amount of the tower type anchorage body are reduced, the tower type anchorage body is arranged horizontally, the construction of the conventional tunnel anchor in the inclined direction is changed into the horizontal construction, the construction difficulty is greatly reduced, the tunnel is arranged below the anchorage, the mutual influence of the anchor and the tunnel is avoided, the stability and the safety of the anchorage are improved, the operation and the maintenance are convenient, the construction cost is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the risk is reduced, and the engineering construction and the operation are safe and reliable.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a suspension bridge horizontal anchorage structure which characterized in that: the horizontal type anchorage structure comprises a construction hole (2) arranged on the back side of a mountain body (1) in a suspension bridge site area, a rear anchor chamber (3), an anchor plug body chamber (4) and a front anchor chamber (5) are sequentially formed by horizontal construction to the side of a suspension bridge through the construction hole (2), a main cable hole is constructed from the front anchor chamber (5) to the side of the suspension bridge, reinforced concrete is poured into the anchor plug body chamber (4) to form an anchor plug body (9), a cable scattering saddle (10) is installed in the front anchor chamber (5), and the main cable hole is a horizontal construction main cable flat hole (6) or consists of a horizontal construction main cable flat hole (6) and a main cable inclined hole (7) constructed obliquely upwards; when the main cable cave is a main cable cave (6), a swivel saddle (11) is arranged at a cave entrance of the main cable cave (6) close to the side of the suspension bridge, a main cable (8) of the suspension bridge is obliquely led into the cave entrance of the main cable cave (6) from bottom to top, and horizontally enters the main cable cave (6) and the front anchor chamber (5) through the swivel saddle (11); when the main cable hole consists of a main cable horizontal hole (6) and a main cable inclined hole (7), a cable turning saddle (11) is installed at a turning section between the main cable horizontal hole (6) and the main cable inclined hole (7), a main tower (15) higher than the hole opening of the main cable horizontal hole (6) is arranged on the side of the suspension bridge, a main cable (8) of the suspension bridge is pulled into the main cable inclined hole (7) from the main tower (15), and horizontally enters the main cable horizontal hole (6) and the front anchor chamber (5) through the cable turning saddle (11); main cables (8) entering the front anchor chamber (5) are dispersed into main cable strands (801) with the same number as the anchor cables (13) through a cable dispersing saddle (10), the anchor cables (13) penetrate through anchor cable pipes pre-embedded in an anchor plug body (9) to reach a rear anchor chamber (3) and are anchored on the anchor plug body (9) through an anchorage device (17), and each main cable strand (801) is connected with the corresponding anchor cable (13) through an anchoring connector.
2. The horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge of claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal type anchorage structure is arranged above the tunnel (14).
3. The horizontal type anchorage structure of the suspension bridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the anchor plug body chamber (4) shrinks layer by layer in a step shape from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber, and after reinforced concrete is poured in the anchor plug body chamber (4), a tower-type anchor plug body (9) which is horizontally placed in the transverse direction and consists of a plurality of layers of concentric cylinders with gradually reduced diameters is formed, the tower bottom surface of the tower-type anchor plug body (9) and the section of the rear anchor chamber (3) are equal in size, and the tower top surface and the section of the front anchor chamber (5) are equal in size; and the central axes of the rear anchor chamber (3), the front anchor chamber (5), the multilayer tower type anchor plug body (9) and the main cable horizontal hole (6) are superposed on the same horizontal line and superposed with the resultant line of the main cable (8).
4. The horizontal type anchorage structure of the suspension bridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the construction hole (2) and the anchor plug body chamber (4) are arranged on the back side of the mountain body (1), and the inclination angle beta of the main cable inclined hole (7) on the suspension bridge side is equal to the inclination angle alpha of the main cable (8).
5. The horizontal type anchorage structure of the suspension bridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a rotating cable saddle (11) which is arranged on the main cable adit (6) and close to the opening on the side of the suspension bridge is inclined outwards, and a main cable (8) is directly pulled to the opening of the main cable adit (6) from bottom to top and then is turned by the rotating cable saddle (11) to extend into the main cable adit (6) in a horizontal direction; the cable saddle (11) that sets up at main rope adit (6) and main rope inclined hole (7) turn section slope upwards invert, and the first half is the arc body on the cable saddle basis, and the latter half is four prismatic table, and main rope (8) are from upwards introducing main tower (15) down to get into main rope inclined hole (7) from the top down through main tower (15) and turn to through cable saddle (11) and be the level and extend main rope adit (6) to loose cable saddle (10).
6. The horizontal type anchorage structure of the suspension bridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the main cable flat tunnel (6) and the main cable inclined tunnel (7) are the same in cross section shape, and the main cable tunnel is also used as an overhaul tunnel.
7. The horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge of claim 3, characterized in that: the tower-type anchor plug body (9) is of a tower-type structure consisting of a bottom-layer circular truncated cone body, a top-layer circular truncated cone body and a plurality of layers of cylinders with different diameters in the middle.
8. A construction method of a horizontal anchorage structure of a suspension bridge is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) determining the position of a front anchor chamber according to design drawings and construction lofting, excavating a construction hole in the horizontal direction of the side of the suspension bridge in the slope direction of the mountain body back side of the bridge site area of the suspension bridge, excavating a columnar rear anchor chamber, an anchor plug body chamber, an urban portal-shaped front anchor chamber and a main cable hole through smooth blasting, wherein the rear anchor chamber, the anchor plug body chamber and the front anchor chamber are communicated with each other, and the central line is superposed with the resultant line of a main cable at the horizontal section; the main cable hole is formed by directly constructing from a front anchor chamber to the side of the suspension bridge horizontally to form a main cable horizontal hole, or constructing from the front anchor chamber horizontally to form a main cable horizontal hole, and then continuously excavating from the main cable horizontal hole to the side of the suspension bridge in an inclined manner to form a main cable inclined hole, wherein the cross section of the top end of the front anchor chamber is the same as the size of the main cable horizontal hole;
(2) in the process of excavating the cavern, carrying out spray anchoring and grouting reinforcement on the broken surrounding rock, carrying out primary spray anchoring support on the construction cave, the rear anchor room, the front anchor room and the main cable cave after the excavation of the cavern is finished, grouting local small ducts, erecting a steel arch frame support on the cave section which cannot be self-stabilized, and lining the construction cave, the rear anchor room, the front anchor room and the main cable cave with reinforced concrete;
(3) constructing a cable rotating saddle in the main cable hole, and when the main cable hole in the step (1) only has a main cable horizontal hole, constructing a cable rotating saddle inclined to the suspension bridge at a hole of the main cable horizontal hole close to the side of the suspension bridge; when the main cable hole in the step (1) is a combination of a main cable flat hole and a main cable inclined hole, constructing an inclined upward and inverted cable saddle at the turning section of the main cable flat hole and the main cable inclined hole;
(4) excavating a cable saddle foundation in the front anchor chamber, pouring a cable saddle reinforced concrete base, and installing a cable saddle after the cable saddle reaches the design strength;
(5) after the excavation of the anchor plug body chamber and the rear anchor chamber is finished and the bottom is cleaned, an anchor cable pipe and a steel bar are accurately positioned and installed in the anchor plug body chamber, the anchor cable pipe extends to the front anchor surface from the rear anchor surface in a radial straight line mode, and the resultant force point is located at the center of the cable scattering saddle; embedding a grouting pipe between the anchor plug body and the contact surface of the top rock body, installing a front anchor surface template and a rear anchor surface template, integrally pouring micro-expansion concrete in a layered mode, vibrating and compacting, curing the concrete to form the anchor plug body, and installing an anchor cable in an anchor cable pipe embedded in the anchor plug body;
(6) after the anchor plug body concrete and the grouting body reach the design strength, arranging an anchor on the front and rear surfaces of the anchor plug body, symmetrically tensioning the anchor cables to the outer ring layer by layer from the central anchor cable to the design load, and anchoring the single anchor cable to the anchor plug body by the anchor after the single anchor cable reaches the design load;
(7) when the main cable tunnel in the step (1) is an integral main cable horizontal tunnel, directly introducing a main cable of the suspension bridge into the main cable horizontal tunnel, and horizontally extending to a front anchor chamber through the turning saddle at the tunnel opening of the main cable horizontal tunnel; when the main cable hole in the step (1) is a combination of a main cable horizontal hole and a main cable inclined hole, directly introducing a main cable of the suspension bridge into the main cable inclined hole from a main tower, turning the main cable inclined hole to the main cable horizontal hole through a cable turning saddle, and extending the main cable inclined hole to a front anchor chamber; the main cables of the suspension bridge extending to the front anchor chamber are dispersed into main cable strands with the number consistent with that of the anchor cables through a cable-dispersing saddle, and the anchor cables in the step (5) are correspondingly connected with the main cable strands one by one through anchor connectors; and tensioning to the designed load, sequentially tensioning and anchoring all the cable strands, and thus finishing the construction of the horizontal anchorage.
9. The construction method of a horizontal anchorage structure for suspension bridges according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the construction process of the anchor plug body chamber in the step (1), the diameter of the anchor plug body chamber is gradually reduced from the rear anchor chamber to the front anchor chamber in a step shape to form a transverse tower type anchor plug body chamber, and after steel bars are poured into the anchor plug body chamber for concreting, a horizontal multilayer tower type anchor plug body is formed, the size of the tower bottom surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body is equal to that of the cross section of the rear anchor chamber, and the size of the tower top surface of the multilayer tower type anchor plug body is equal to that of the cross section of the front anchor chamber.
10. The method for constructing a horizontal anchorage structure for a suspension bridge as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the cable saddle is constructed in the step (3), firstly, a reinforced concrete cable saddle chamber is integrally poured in an enlarged foundation mode, the upper part of the cable saddle base is reinforced, then the assembled cable saddle is installed, and an anchor cable is installed from the bottom plate to the lower bedrock for anchoring the whole cable saddle chamber.
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CN113235426A (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-08-10 中建桥梁有限公司 Anchorage anchoring system positioning device and construction method thereof
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GB973761A (en) * 1962-07-23 1964-10-28 John Albert Posford Improvements in self-anchored suspension bridges
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CN111254979B (en) * 2020-01-20 2021-05-07 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 Cable anchor system of underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel
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