CN112553977A - Steel rail dynamic vibration absorber and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber comprises an assembled phononic crystal structure, wherein the assembled phononic crystal structure is composed of a plurality of assembled elements, and each assembled element is provided with phononic crystal units in a base body structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure; the matrix structure forms a framework base of distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units, and the phononic crystal periodic structure absorbs vibration and noise of a certain frequency band by utilizing band gap characteristics of the phononic crystal periodic structure. The steel rail vibration absorber generates a band gap within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz, can cover main frequencies of various vibrations, and enables the vibration of the steel rail to be quickly attenuated. The invention can improve the mounting or dismounting efficiency of the vibration absorber, and adjust the vibration-damping and noise-reducing effects by changing the parameters of the periodic structure; the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure is utilized to enhance the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects. The invention can be widely applied to ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways, ordinary railways and inter-city railways.

Description

Steel rail dynamic vibration absorber and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and relates to a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber and application thereof.

Background

With the continuous development of rail transit technology, the environmental protection problem of rail transit is receiving more and more attention, especially the noise and vibration problem that it produces. The vibration reduction and noise reduction measures are adopted on the rail transit line, and the method has important significance for rail transit development.

The vibration reduction and noise reduction measures of the rail transit mainly start from three aspects: control over the vibration/sound source, control over the propagation path, and control over the vibration/sound receptor. Direct control of vibration and noise on the vibration/sound source is the most direct and effective way; the steel rail is a main radiation source of wheel rail noise, and the vibration and noise reduction measures adopted on the steel rail are a main vibration and noise reduction method for rail transit.

The currently available steel rail vibration and noise reduction measures are as follows: steel rail overloading, seamless, profile optimization, damping steel rail, steel rail dynamic vibration absorber and the like. The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is a vibration and noise reduction device which is installed on the rail web or the rail bottom of a steel rail by adopting a dynamic vibration absorption technical principle, has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, capability of being detached and adjusted at any time, strong applicability, capability of being matched with other vibration and noise reduction facilities together, capability of reducing vibration and noise in specific frequency bands and the like, and can be widely applied to ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways, common railways and inter-city railways. However, many of the design ideas of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers are based on an integral structure, and the structure of the vibration absorbers is inconvenient to adjust. And most of the traditional steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers are two-degree-of-freedom or three-degree-of-freedom damping spring-mass unit dynamic vibration absorbers, and can only reduce steel rail vibration and noise within a narrow frequency range, so that the vibration and noise reduction effects are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a novel steel rail dynamic vibration absorber which has two technical characteristics of a phononic crystal structure and an assembly type structure.

Phononic crystal structures, i.e. a form of structure in which the basic constituent units of an object are combined in the same manner. In recent years, inspired by the natural crystal electronic band theory, it has been found that there exists a frequency range in the phononic crystal structure that can inhibit the propagation of certain classical waves, which is called the band gap. The propagation of an elastic wave having a frequency within the band gap through such a structure is greatly attenuated, while an elastic wave having a frequency outside the band gap can smoothly pass through the structure. The phononic crystal can be divided into one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional phononic crystals according to the periodical dimension of the phononic crystal in the space, and different phononic crystal structures show different band gap characteristics.

The assembly type structure is a structure formed by assembling and connecting prefabricated components serving as main stress components. The structural components are prefabricated in a factory and assembled and spliced on site, so that construction planning and transportation organization arrangement are facilitated, production efficiency is improved, and energy is saved. For the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, the assembled structure has the advantages that the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be formed by adopting the structure of universal parts and special parts according to local conditions, the adaptability of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is improved, and the characteristic of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction of a specific frequency band is also favorably exerted.

The invention provides a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure based on phononic crystal structure band gap characteristics and an assembled structure design method, which can generate band gaps within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz and cover main frequencies of various vibrations by designing reasonable geometric parameters and material parameters of a phononic crystal structure layer built in the vibration absorber, can greatly attenuate the vibration of a steel rail, further reduce the vibration energy transmitted to an under-rail structure and surrounding buildings, and protect related structures; different accessory structures can be adopted according to different circuit requirements, the vibration can be reduced according to local conditions, or the vibration absorption effect can be conveniently improved according to the requirements after the installation is finished.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber comprises an assembled phononic crystal structure, wherein the assembled phononic crystal structure is composed of a plurality of assembled elements, and each assembled element is provided with phononic crystal units in a base body structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure; the matrix structure forms a framework base of distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units, and the phononic crystal periodic structure absorbs vibration and noise of a certain frequency band by utilizing band gap characteristics of the phononic crystal periodic structure.

Furthermore, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber generates a band gap within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz, and can cover main frequencies of various vibrations to attenuate the vibration of the steel rail.

Optionally, each fabricated element is identical in structure, including physical dimensions, interface locations, phononic crystal unit shapes, number and arrangement.

Optionally, the element is in the shape of a cuboid with local protrusions and grooves, and the protrusions or grooves on two surfaces in the same direction are completely corresponding in position, so that the assembled elements can be spliced with each other in 1 direction or 2 directions. The projections or recesses may be distributed continuously or intermittently in the longitudinal direction.

Optionally, the transverse width of the fabricated element is 10-35 mm, the vertical height is 10-50 mm, and the longitudinal length is 100-600 mm according to requirements.

Optionally, the shape and number of the phononic crystal units of the unit cells can be adjusted according to the required vibration reduction and noise reduction frequency band, the cross section of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinder can be circular, rectangular, regular polygonal and other suitable shapes, and the cylinder material can be designed to be hollow or solid according to the requirement of vibration reduction. The number of the crystal units in the cells can be 1 unit, and a plurality of units can also be uniformly distributed.

Optionally, the arrangement of the phononic crystal units in the unit cells can be changed according to requirements. The arrangement form of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinders can be square, triangular, hexagonal and the like, and the arrangement combination form of the three-dimensional phononic crystal unit spheres can be simple cube, body-centered cube, face-centered cube and the like.

Optionally, the main material of the cellular matrix structure is resin or plastic, and proper elasticity and damping are selected according to design requirements, so that a framework foundation for maintaining the arrangement form of the phononic crystal units is formed. The phononic crystal is a metal core or a sphere coated with rubber. The size of the unit cells and suitable materials can be designed as desired.

Optionally, the bottom curved surface of the rubber base structure completely fits the shape of the upper part and the side part of the rail bottom, so that the assembled element can be stably spliced with the base on the rail. The base can be selected to be integral or spliced according to engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure is changed according to the difference of the rail web and the rail bottom vibration absorber so as to ensure the structural stability.

Optionally, a corresponding groove is designed at the position, corresponding to the external protrusion of the element, on the inner side of the rigid elastic strip, so that the contact area of the rigid elastic strip and the element is increased, and the elastic strip can tightly clamp the main structure of the vibration absorber on the steel rail.

The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is applied to ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways, ordinary railways and inter-city railways.

Different structural forms and materials are adopted according to actual needs, and vibration and noise are reduced in a targeted manner by changing the shape, the number and the arrangement mode of the phononic crystal units and the structure of the unit cells or longitudinally discontinuousness.

Furthermore, the bottom curved surface of the base structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is completely attached to the upper part and the side part of the rail bottom, so that the assembled element can be stably spliced on the steel rail through the base.

Optionally, the base structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is selected to be integral or spliced according to engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure is changed according to different rail web and rail bottom vibration absorbers so as to ensure the structural stability.

Specifically, the present invention may be:

a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is mainly composed of a fabricated element and a rubber base, wherein the fabricated element can be spliced in 1 or 2 directions, and the parts are spliced by adopting corresponding bulges and grooves. Each element has the same structure, and phononic crystal units are arranged in a matrix structure according to a certain form to form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional phononic crystal periodic structure. The main material of the matrix structure is resin or rubber, has proper elasticity and damping, and forms a framework foundation for maintaining the arrangement form of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal unit is a metal core body coated with rubber, and the size and the material of the unit cell can be designed according to requirements. The base is composed of a bottom curved surface, rubber materials which are attached to the upper portion of the rail bottom and the side portion in shape, on one hand, connection among different assembly type elements is reinforced through respective connection of the outer sides, on the other hand, the vibration absorber is integrally attached to the steel rail, and vibration reduction and noise reduction effects are guaranteed. The outside of the vibration absorber is matched with each part through elastic strips containing bulges, the vibration absorber is stably clamped on the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail, and the elastic strips with proper quantity can be arranged along the longitudinal direction according to the actual stability requirement.

Preferably, to ensure the periodicity of the phononic crystal structure, the structure of each fabricated element is identical, including physical dimensions, interface locations, phononic crystal unit shapes, numbers, and arrangements. In order to ensure the stable structure, the main body of each element is cuboid, and the positions of the bulges or the grooves on the two surfaces in the same direction are completely corresponding, so that the assembled element can continuously extend in 1 direction or 2 directions by splicing.

Preferably, the transverse width of assembled component is 10 ~ 35mm, and vertical height is 10 ~ 50mm, and longitudinal length is between 100 ~ 600mm as required, and the component can be stably centre gripping on the web of rail and the rail bottom of rail with the bullet strip along horizontal and vertical concatenation back in the size design.

Preferably, the grooves and the protrusions at the splicing of the fabricated elements can be distributed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction according to the processing conditions and structural requirements.

Preferably, the base material of the fabricated element is a resin or rubber material, which has damping while maintaining a certain elasticity, can form a zone resonance structure, and can absorb rail vibrations.

Preferably, the shape of the phononic crystal unit may be changed as needed, and the cross section of the pillar may be circular, rectangular, regular polygonal, and other suitable forms. The diameter of the section of the cylinder of the size of the phononic crystal unit can be 3-20 mm, the length of the cylinder is the same as that of the vibration absorber, and the diameter of the sphere is 3-20 mm.

Preferably, the arrangement of the units in the periodic structure of the phononic crystal can change the number of rows and columns of the array as required, or adopt a new arrangement combination mode to form different two-dimensional or three-dimensional phononic crystal structures.

Preferably, the constituent material of the phononic crystal unit is selected from one or more of a rigid material and an elastic material, specifically, the rigid material is selected from one or more of an alloy material and a metal material, and the elastic material is selected from one or more of a rubber material and a resin material.

Preferably, the lower curved surface of the rubber base needs to be completely matched with the profile of the rail bottom of the steel rail, and a rubber material with certain plasticity can be considered in material selection. The transverse width of the steel rail is 40-80 mm, the vertical height of the steel rail is 20-60 mm, and the specific size of the steel rail is related to the size of the rail bottom of the steel rail of the line.

Preferably, the vibration absorber is clamped on the steel rail through elastic strips instead of bolts, and vibration and noise reduction efficiency of the periodic structure of the phononic crystal is guaranteed. Corresponding grooves are designed at the positions, protruding out of the elastic strips, corresponding to the elements, so that the elastic strips can simultaneously guarantee the stability of the main structure and stably clamp the main structure on the steel rail. The transverse width of the elastic strip is 40-80 mm, the vertical height is 20-60 mm, and the specific size is related to the size of the rail bottom of the track steel rail.

The use method of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with the assembled phononic crystal structure is the same as that of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber. The main structure is composed of assembled elements and a rubber base, and is clamped at the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail through elastic strips distributed along the longitudinal direction, and each assembled element contains a phononic crystal periodic structure formed by arranging phononic crystal units.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects;

(1) the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure is utilized, and the design parameters of the phononic crystal structure layer are adjusted, so that vibration is reduced in a targeted manner;

(2) the structural bandgap has a certain width rather than a single frequency. Therefore, the phononic crystal structure layer can absorb vibration within a certain frequency band range, so that the structure has higher comprehensive vibration reduction performance;

(3) the vibration absorber main body adopts an assembled structure, so that the parameters of a vibration absorbing periodic structure can be conveniently changed, and the vibration absorbing and noise reducing effects of the dynamic vibration absorber are changed;

(4) the assembly structure of the vibration absorber body improves the mounting or dismounting efficiency of the vibration absorber and can reduce the maintenance cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber of example 1 of the present invention, which is installed on a rail web, and has a longitudinally continuous, cylindrical phononic crystal unit.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed on the rail web and rail foot according to example 1 of application of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber in which a photonic crystal unit is a rectangular parallelepiped according to example 2 of application of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber having a three-dimensional phononic crystal structure according to example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber having a longitudinal discontinuity according to example 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to embodiment 4 of the method of using the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-assembled element, 2-phonon crystal unit, 3-splicing bulge, 4-rubber base and 5-elastic strip

Detailed Description

The invention provides a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure and application thereof.

< rail dynamic vibration absorber >

A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with a fabricated phononic crystal structure is mainly composed of fabricated elements which can be spliced in 1 or 2 directions and a rubber base, wherein the assembled elements are spliced by adopting corresponding bulges and grooves. The structure of each element is completely the same, and phononic crystals in a certain form are arranged in the matrix structure of each element to form a phononic crystal periodic structure. The main material of the matrix structure is resin, which constitutes a framework foundation for maintaining the arrangement form of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal is a metal core body coated with rubber, and the size and the material of the unit cell can be designed according to requirements. The base is made of rubber materials with the bottom curved surface, the upper part of the rail bottom and the side part in shape fitting. The outside of bump leveller is by including bellied bullet strip and each parts cooperation, and stable centre gripping is on the web of rail and the rail end of rail, arranges 2 bullet strips on the bump leveller at least.

The structure of each fabricated element is identical, including the physical dimensions, the location of the interfaces, the shape, number and arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The shape of the element is a cuboid with local bulges and grooves, and the bulges or the grooves on two surfaces in the same direction completely correspond to each other, so that the assembled elements can be spliced in 1 direction or 2 directions.

The transverse width of the assembled element is 10-35 mm, the vertical height is 10-50 mm, the longitudinal length is 100-600 mm according to needs, and the size design ensures that the element can be stably clamped on the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail by elastic strips after being transversely and vertically spliced

The periodic structure of the phononic crystal is designed according to the requirements of vibration reduction and noise reduction, the cross section of a two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinder can be in a circular shape, a rectangular shape, a regular polygon shape and other suitable forms, and the number of rows and columns of the unit array can be changed. The three-dimensional phononic crystal unit can adopt a new arrangement combination mode such as simple cube, body-centered cube, face-centered cube and the like by combining the waveguide characteristics of the steel rail so as to additionally inhibit the vibration from being transmitted along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail.

The phononic crystal unit may be a cylinder or a sphere. The diameter of the section of the cylinder can be 3-20 mm, and the length of the cylinder is the same as that of the vibration absorber. The diameter of the sphere is 3-20 mm.

The base structure can be selected to be integral or spliced according to engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure is changed according to the difference of the rail web and the rail bottom vibration absorber so as to ensure the structural stability. The transverse width is 40-80 mm, the vertical height is 20-60 mm, and the specific size is related to the rail bottom size of the track steel rail.

The elastic strip can not damage the periodic structure of the phononic crystal, and the vibration reduction and noise reduction efficiency of the periodic structure of the phononic crystal is ensured. Corresponding grooves are designed at the positions, corresponding to the external bulges of the elements, of the inner sides of the elastic strips, so that the contact area of the elastic strips and the elements is increased, and the main structure of the vibration absorber can be tightly clamped on the steel rail by the elastic strips.

The present invention will be further described with reference to examples.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the main structure of the fabricated photonic crystal rail dynamic vibration absorber of the present embodiment is formed by splicing a fabricated element 1 and a rubber base 4 together, and is clamped on the rail web of a rail by using an elastic strip 5. The two-dimensional phononic crystal periodic structure is formed by arranging and combining phononic crystal units 2 and matrix forming cells in the assembly type element 1, and the elements are spliced through bulges 3 and grooves at corresponding positions to form a stable structure. The material of the phononic crystal unit 2 adopts a metal core body coated with rubber, and the material of a basal body and a base of the element adopts rubber material. The bulges of the corresponding structures on the inner sides of the elastic strips can be tightly attached to the main body structure, and rigid metal is selected as the material.

The dynamic vibration absorber is longitudinally continuous, the length of the dynamic vibration absorber is close to the length of the fastener region and is 500mm, the dynamic vibration absorber basically covers the rail waist of the fastener region, and the vibration absorber is beneficial to the vibration absorber base to be in full contact with the steel rail to play a vibration absorbing role. The vibration absorber is spliced with 2 fabricated elements 1 in the transverse direction and the vertical direction respectively, the cross section of the main structure of the vibration absorber is a square of 33mm multiplied by 33mm, and the longitudinal length of the vibration absorber is the same as that of the vibration absorber and is 500 mm. Each element base is transversely and uniformly distributed with 2 cylindrical phononic crystal units 2, the diameter of each element base is 6mm, the circle center distance is 16mm, the core body needs large enough mass to ensure the vibration absorption effect, and a base material with proper performance is selected according to the size of the element, so that the element has proper rigidity and damping. The arrangement mode of the cylinders can be square arrangement, and can also be designed into triangular arrangement, hexagonal arrangement and the like according to the requirement of vibration reduction. Each side of the assembly type element 1 is provided with 2 pieces with the length of 5mm, the height (depth) of 3mm, the longitudinal continuous bulge 3 or groove, and the edge distance of 10mm, so that the vibration absorber structure is ensured to be within the limit of the steel rail, and the vibration absorber cannot influence the traveling crane and the track equipment.

The rubber base has transverse width of 66mm and vertical height of 30mm, and the inner curved surface is the same as the rail bottom of the 60kg/m steel rail and is longitudinally continuous. The upper part of the base is distributed with 4 bulges at the positions of the corresponding grooves of the elements and is spliced with 2 elements to form a main body structure.

3 rigid elastic strips 5 are uniformly arranged in the longitudinal direction, the transverse width of each elastic strip is 150mm, the vertical height of each elastic strip is 120mm, and the longitudinal width of each elastic strip is 40 mm. The vertical inboard of bullet strip has designed the recess in the structure corresponds the position, and the major structure of laminating is with centre gripping dynamic vibration absorber completely, guarantees the stability of structure.

< method for using rail dynamic vibration absorber >

A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure is used, wherein the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is of a main body structure formed by splicing assembly elements and a base, and is clamped at the rail web and the rail bottom between two groups of fasteners through prefabricated elastic strips; as shown in fig. 1. The installed steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be replaced or modified in a factory prefabrication or field installation mode.

The application of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is not limited to rail transit, the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be put into use in the fields of mechanical equipment, buildings and the like which need vibration reduction measures after the structural size of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is slightly adjusted, and particularly has good vibration reduction effect on structures in a beam form.

The embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber which is simultaneously arranged on the rail web and the rail bottom and simultaneously absorbs the vibration of the rail web and the rail bottom. The dynamic vibration absorbers are arranged at the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail of the section needing vibration reduction and transformation, more than two elastic strips are used for fixing between two groups of fasteners, and the size parameters, the material selection and the like of the dynamic vibration absorbers of the steel rail are designed according to the vibration reduction requirements.

In fig. 3 and 4, considering the structural stability of the rail-bottom vibration absorber, the rail-bottom assembled element needs to be designed into two types: the utility model provides a do not have the recess and protruding to 2 directions, one kind has set up same recess and arch in the corresponding position of horizontal face, makes the rail foot structure can extend along horizontal concatenation and does not leave the space in the middle. The vibration absorber is arranged at the rail bottom, and because the rail bottom space is small, the vertical height is 20mm, the transverse width is 30mm, only 1 protrusion or groove is arranged at the left side and the right side, the vibration absorber structure is still ensured to be within the limit of the steel rail, and meanwhile, the vibration absorber has proper core body mass, matrix rigidity and damping so as to play a role in absorbing vibration.

Considering the main structure that the base needs to be connected with two groups of rail web and rail bottom and spliced, the base is redesigned to be 2 mutually coupled rubber elements, the inner curved surface is completely attached to the top surface and the side surface of the rail bottom, and the main structure is stably attached to the rail web and the rail bottom.

Considering that the structural system is complex and self-weight is increased, in order to keep stability, the elastic strip is extended to surround the cross section of the vibration absorber for a circle, the inner side of each edge is provided with a bulge corresponding to the structure, and the main structure is stably clamped at the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail.

The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment has better vibration and noise reduction effects, but needs a larger space under the rail, and is suitable for ballast track lines and the like with sufficient space under the rail.

Example 2

The embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber that phononic crystal unit is the cuboid, satisfies different track traffic damping and falls the needs of making an uproar, arranges dynamic vibration absorber in the rail web of rail department that needs damping transformation district section, uses more than two elastic strips fixed between two sets of fasteners, design rail dynamic vibration absorber's dimensional parameter, carry out material selection etc. according to damping needs.

The main differences from example 1 are: in the fig. 5 and 6, the shape of the phononic crystal unit is changed into a cuboid, and the side length of the cross section is 3 mm; the unit array is 4 multiplied by 2, the transverse distance between the units is 7mm, and the vertical distance is 10 mm. Due to the fact that the number of the core bodies and the structural period are increased, the structure can be redesigned in terms of structural size and materials according to different vibration reduction requirements, so that the frequency band characteristic of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is widened and changed, and the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be applied to vibration reduction and noise reduction engineering of rail transit lines with different vibration reduction requirements.

The band gap characteristics of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment are changed, so that the vibration and noise of different frequency bands can be reduced, and the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be combined with vibration absorbers of other structures according to local conditions and is suitable for rail traffic lines with different vibration and noise reduction requirements.

Example 3

The embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber of three-dimensional phononic crystal structure for satisfy the track traffic damping of difference and fall the needs of making an uproar, arrange the dynamic vibration absorber in the rail web of rail department that needs damping transformation district section, use more than two elastic strips fixed between two sets of fasteners, design rail dynamic vibration absorber's dimensional parameter, carry out material selection etc. according to the damping needs.

The main differences from example 1 are: in fig. 7 and 8, the cylindrical phononic crystal units in the unit cells are changed into spherical scatterers with the diameter of 6mm and the longitudinal distance of 30mm, so that a simple cubic three-dimensional phononic crystal structure is formed. A new phononic crystal periodic structure is introduced in the longitudinal direction, so that longitudinal vibration can be absorbed; and the periodic characteristics along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail are changed, the effect of reducing the vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail is improved, and the vibration attenuation and noise reduction device can be applied to vibration attenuation and noise reduction of rail transit lines with different requirements. The arrangement form of the three-dimensional phononic crystal spheres can be changed into more complex body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and the like, and the vibration reduction effect of the three-dimensional phononic crystal spheres can be adjusted.

The band gap characteristics of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment are changed, so that the vibration and noise of different frequency bands can be reduced, and the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber can be matched with other vibration absorbers in different structures and used for rail transit lines with different vibration and noise reduction requirements.

Example 4

The embodiment is a longitudinal discontinuous steel rail dynamic vibration absorber, the structure of the vibration absorber is adjusted, the load of a steel rail is reduced, and the vibration absorber is suitable for a line with low requirements for vibration and noise reduction. Arranging dynamic vibration absorbers at the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail of the section needing vibration reduction and reconstruction, designing the size parameters of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorbers according to the vibration reduction requirements, selecting materials and the like.

The main differences from example 1 are: the fastener zones in fig. 9 and 10 have 3 rail dynamic vibration absorbers installed at a pitch of 100mm, each having a longitudinal length of 100 mm. Each dynamic vibration absorber is fixed by 2 rigid elastic strips, and the longitudinal width of each rigid elastic strip is 20 mm. The structure is lighter and more suitable for vibration and noise reduction of complex track structures such as small-radius curves, turnout structures, bridge-roadbed transition sections and the like.

The steel rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to the embodiment is suitable for lines with low requirements on vibration and noise reduction. Different phononic crystal structures can be designed aiming at different vibration reduction and noise reduction positions of the fastener section, and the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects can be improved according to local conditions.

The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and appreciation of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. A rail dynamic vibration absorber is characterized in that: the photonic crystal structure comprises an assembled photonic crystal structure, wherein the assembled photonic crystal structure consists of a plurality of assembled elements, and each assembled element is provided with photonic crystal units in a matrix structure so as to form a photonic crystal periodic structure; the matrix structure forms a framework base of distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units, and the phononic crystal periodic structure absorbs vibration and noise of a certain frequency band by utilizing band gap characteristics of the phononic crystal periodic structure.

2. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber generates a band gap within a frequency band range of 50-3000 Hz, and can cover main frequencies of various vibrations to attenuate the vibration of the steel rail.

3. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the main body structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber consists of assembled elements which can be continuously spliced in 1 or 2 directions and a base, wherein corresponding bulges and grooves are arranged among the assembled elements so as to facilitate splicing.

4. A rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 3, wherein: the base is made of materials with bottom curved surfaces, the upper part of the rail bottom and the side parts of the rail bottom in shape fit; the vibration absorber is attached to each part by elastic strips with corresponding grooves, and is stably clamped on the rail web and the rail bottom of the steel rail.

5. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the overall dimensions, interface positions, phononic crystal unit shapes, number and arrangement of each fabricated element are the same.

6. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the assembled elements are cuboids with local bulges and grooves, and the bulges or the grooves on two surfaces in the same direction are completely corresponding in position, so that the assembled elements can be spliced in 1 direction or 2 directions; the projections or the grooves are distributed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction.

7. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: each fabricated element has at least one phononic crystal unit therein.

8. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the size of the assembled element can be designed according to the type of a steel rail and the requirement of vibration reduction, the transverse width is 10-35 mm, the vertical height is 10-50 mm, and the longitudinal length is 100-600 mm.

9. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal unit can be designed into a hollow or solid two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinder according to the requirement of vibration reduction.

10. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 9, wherein: the arrangement form of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinders comprises square, triangular or hexagonal arrangement.

11. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal unit is a three-dimensional phononic crystal unit sphere.

12. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 11, wherein: the arrangement mode of the three-dimensional phononic crystal unit spheres comprises a simple cube, a body-centered cube and a face-centered cube.

13. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the base structure of the assembly type element is made of resin or plastic.

14. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the phononic crystal unit is a metal core body or a sphere coated with rubber.

15. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 1, wherein: the composition material of the phononic crystal unit is selected from more than one of rigid materials and elastic materials.

16. The rail dynamic vibration absorber of claim 15, wherein: the rigid material is selected from more than one of alloy materials and metal materials, and the elastic material is selected from more than one of rubber materials and resin materials.

17. The use of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber of any one of claims 1 to 16 in ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy haul railways, general railways, and inter-city railways.

18. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that: different structural forms and materials are adopted according to actual needs, and vibration and noise are reduced in a targeted manner by changing the shape, the number and the arrangement mode of the phononic crystal units and the structure of the unit cells or longitudinally discontinuousness.

19. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that: the bottom curved surface of the base structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is completely attached to the upper part and the side part of the rail bottom, so that the assembled element can be stably spliced on the steel rail through the base.

20. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that: the base structure of the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is selected to be integral or spliced according to engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure is changed according to the difference of the rail web and the rail bottom vibration absorber so as to ensure the structural stability.

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