CN112546858A - 一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺,依次通过收集废气,对废气预处理,使废气温度降低,对废气第一次喷淋吸收处理,去除水溶性化合物,催化氧化处理分解高分子有机化合物,第二次喷淋吸收处理,后处理,对废气进行干燥处理,以及高效吸附分离处理去除剩余污染成分以及臭味,安全排放。本发明方法能够将酒精发酵罐尾气进行安全有效的处理,使其达到排放标准,过程简单,效率高,环保,节约能源。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废气处理领域,尤其涉及一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺。
背景技术
白酒制造是指以粮谷为主要原料,用大曲、小曲或麸曲及酒母等为糖化发酵剂,经蒸煮、糖化、发酵、蒸馏而制成蒸馏酒的生产过程。
目前蒸粮车间在酿酒制造过程中,会产生大量含有热量的酒糟气体,酒糟气体主要为水蒸气和VOCs混合物,如果直接外排,不仅影响工人身体健康,而且也对环境产生了严重的污染。
因此,根据废气排放标准和要求,在饮料酒制造业污染防治中,应遵循减量化、再利用、资源化的原则,采用源头控制、生产过程减排、废物资源化利用和末端治理的全过程综合污染防治技术路线,强化工艺清洁、资源循环利用,在生产过程中尽量采用自动控制***和生产监控***,推行清洁生产技术和工艺,满足行业清洁生产的基本要求。
其中源头控制最为有效,可通过蒸粮车间安装集气排气***,实现蒸粮、馏酒过程中废气的集中收集、处理和排放,酒糟应采取封闭措施,对产生废气进行收集,经化学吸收法或活性炭吸附法等先进技术处理后达标排放。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺,能够处理白酒生产发酵过程所产生的废气中有害成分,达到排放标准。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
收集废气:收集酒精发酵罐尾气并进行混合;
预处理:使用热量回收设备对收集好的废气进行热量回收,使废气温度降低;
第一次喷淋吸收处理:将经过预处理后的废气在喷淋吸收塔中与吸收剂逆流接触反应,对废气初步净化处理,去除易溶于水的废气成分,并对废气二次降温;
催化氧化处理:对废气中的高分子有机物降解,并进一步分解成CO2和H2O以及低分子化合物;
第二次喷淋吸收处理:对废气二次净化处理,将经过催化氧化处理的废气中低分子化合物进行净化处理;
后处理:对经过第二次喷淋吸收处理的废气进行干燥处理;
高效吸附分离处理:通过吸附剂对前期废气中未完全处理的污染成分以及臭味进行完全处理。
优选的,所述预处理步骤中,所述热量回收设备为热交换器,所述废气中蒸汽经过所述热量回收设备冷凝后排出的温度为50℃。
优选的,所述第一次喷淋吸收处理步骤和所述第二次喷淋吸收处理步骤中吸收剂为清水、酸碱化学溶液、强氧化剂溶液或有机溶剂中的一种或一种以上的组合;所述喷淋吸收塔内放置有多面球填料。
优选的,所述吸收剂为清水。
优选的,所述催化氧化处理步骤中使用高能UV紫外线光束及臭氧对工业废气进行协同分解氧化反应。通过高能UV紫外线光束分解空气中的氧分子产生游离氧,即活性氧,因游离氧所携正负电子不平衡所以需与氧分子结合,进而产生臭氧,反应过程如下,再通过臭氧进行氧化反应,彻底达到净化及杀灭细菌的目的。
优选的,所述UV紫外线光束为-C波段紫外线。
优选的,所述吸附剂为活性炭、硅胶、分子筛沸石、活性氧化铝或氧化铝中的一种或一种以上的组合。
优选的,所述吸附剂为蜂窝状活性炭。
废气收集后,进行预处理,在预处理步骤中进入变温热力回收装置,将水蒸汽进行热力回收,回收后的热量能够进行二次利用,达到节能作用,经过去除水蒸汽的废气再经过第一次喷淋吸收处理步骤除去易溶于水的废气成分,并对废气进行二次降温;在废气经催化氧化处理步骤中,对废气催化氧化反应,将废气中高分子有机物降解为小分子,被分解后的小分子成份废气再通过第二次喷淋吸收处理后,进行后处理进行干燥处理。
经干燥后的废气通过高效吸附分离处理步骤进行深度处理,将废气中污染成分以及臭味进行完全处理,处理后的洁净空气经风机动力***送入烟囱排气。
与相关技术相比较,本发明提供的酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺具有如下有益效果:
本发明能够将酒精发酵罐尾气达到国家排放标准,有效达标排放,处理效果好,从废气排放的根源上进行控制废气的排放,控制效果好,妥善处理废气净化过程中产生的其他废物,避免造成二次污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
请结合参阅图1,一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、收集废气:采用吸气臂对车间内每条生产线的反应釜中废气进行收集,再将收集有废气的管道延伸至室外与室外的其他废气进行汇总混合,实现对生产车间的多条生产线的酒精发酵罐尾气收集并混合;
S2、预处理:在本步骤中,使用热量回收设备对收集好的废气进行热量回收,使废气温度降低,选用的热量回收设备为热交换器,热交换器不仅是工业部门保证某些工业流程和条件而广泛使用的通用设备,也是开发利用工业二次能源、实现余热回收和节能的主要设备,收集好的废气通过热交换器处理,由于废气中大部分物质是易溶于水,经过检测酒糟废气成分发现,蒸汽通过冷却以后,检测出浓度很低,为了避免污染物达到沸点和节约成本,因此,在本实施例中设计蒸汽冷凝后排出温度为50℃;
S3、第一次喷淋吸收处理:将经过预处理后的废气在喷淋吸收塔中进行净化处理,废气由喷淋吸收塔底部进入内部,废气在上升的过程中与来自塔顶的吸收剂逆流接触,其中吸收剂为清水,由于废气中挥发出的有机物90%都易溶于水,因此选用清水为吸收剂能够节约成本同时也不造成二次污染,在喷淋吸收塔中还加入了多面球填料,从而增加了气液的接触面积,在上升高速气流的冲力、液体的浮力和自身重力等各种力的相互作用下,球形填料悬浮起来形成湍动旋转和相互碰撞,引起气液的密切接触,也延长了气液的接触时间,使废气分子与吸收剂分子充分反应,有效地进行传质、传热和净化作用,对废气初步净化处理,去除易溶于水的废气成分,并对废气二次降温;
S4、催化氧化处理:经过第一次喷淋吸收处理后的废气,通过高能UV紫外线光束及臭氧对工业废气进行协同分解氧化反应,对废气中的高分子有机物降解,并进一步分解成CO2和H2O以及低分子化合物;其中,先通过高能UV紫外线光束照射废气,能够裂解工业废气如:氨、三甲胺、硫化氢、甲硫氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、二甲二硫、二硫化碳和苯乙烯,硫化物H2S、VOC类,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的分子链结构,使有机或无机高分子恶臭化合物分子链,在高能紫外线光束照射下,降解转变成低分子化合物,如CO2、H2O等,同时高能UV紫外线光束分解空气中的氧分子产生游离氧,即活性氧,因游离氧所携正负电子不平衡所以需与氧分子结合,进而产生臭氧,反应关系如下:
UV+O2→O-+O*(活性氧)O+O2→O3
利用高能UV紫外线光束裂解工业废气中细菌的分子键,破坏细菌的核酸(DNA),再通过臭氧进行氧化反应,彻底达到净化及杀灭细菌的目的,高能UV紫外线光束,优选为-C波段紫外线,通过-C波段紫外线和臭氧相结合的原理对有害气体进行消除,其中-C波段紫外线主要用来去除硫化氢、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、乙酸乙酯、乙烷、丙酮、尿烷、树脂、等气体的分解和裂变,使有机物变为无机化合物,将废气中高分子有机物分解为低分子化合物。
S5、第二次喷淋吸收处理:经过催化氧化处理后的废气中存在低分子化合物,再次通过喷淋吸收塔对废气进行二次净化处理,将经过催化氧化处理后的废气中低分子化合物进行净化处理,从而净化废气中的有害化合物;
S6、后处理:对经过第二次喷淋吸收处理的废气进行干燥处理,废气进入干燥设备后,通过干燥设备内部填料的干燥剂进行干燥,废气气流通填料表面时,内部水汽被快速捕捉,降低了废气的湿度,再进行排出;
S7、高效吸附分离处理:通过后处理步骤后排出的废气,进入吸附设备中,吸附设备能够净化较高浓度有机废气和喷漆废气,通过吸附剂本身高强度的吸附力,结合风机作用将废气中有机废气分子吸附住,对苯、醇、酮、酯、汽油类等有机溶剂的废气有很好的吸附作用,因此,通过吸附剂对前期废气中未完全处理的污染成分以及臭味进行完全处理,最后排出的废气能够达到排放标准。
在本实施例中,吸附剂为蜂窝状活性炭,被处理废气在通过蜂窝活性炭方孔时能充分与活性碳接触,吸附效率高,风阻系数小,具有优良的吸附、脱附性能和气体动力学性能,可广泛用于净化处理含有甲苯、二甲苯、苯、等苯类、酚类、酯类、醇类、醛类等有机气体、恶臭味气体和含有微量重金属的各类气体。采用蜂窝状活性炭的环保设备废气处理净化效率高,设备体积小,能耗低,能够降低造价和运行成本,经过高效吸附分离处理步骤后的洁净空气经风机动力***送入烟囱排气,满足环保排放要求。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种酒精发酵罐尾气的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
收集废气:收集酒精发酵罐尾气并进行混合;
预处理:使用热量回收设备对收集好的废气进行热量回收,使废气温度降低;
第一次喷淋吸收处理:将经过预处理后的废气在喷淋吸收塔中与吸收剂逆流接触反应,对废气初步净化处理,去除易溶于水的废气成分,并对废气二次降温;
催化氧化处理:对废气中的高分子有机物降解,并进一步分解成CO2和H2O以及低分子化合物;
第二次喷淋吸收处理:对废气二次净化处理,将经过催化氧化处理的废气中低分子化合物进行净化处理;
后处理:对经过第二次喷淋吸收处理的废气进行干燥处理;
高效吸附分离处理:通过吸附剂对前期废气中未完全处理的污染成分以及臭味进行完全处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述预处理步骤中,所述热量回收设备为热交换器,所述废气中蒸汽经过所述热量回收设备冷凝后排出的温度为50℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述第一次喷淋吸收处理步骤和所述第二次喷淋吸收处理步骤中吸收剂为清水、酸碱化学溶液、强氧化剂溶液或有机溶剂中的一种或一种以上的组合;所述喷淋吸收塔内放置有多面球填料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述吸收剂为清水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述催化氧化处理步骤中使用高能UV紫外线光束及臭氧对工业废气进行协同分解氧化反应。
6.根据权利要求5所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述UV紫外线光束为-C波段紫外线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述吸附剂为活性炭、硅胶、分子筛沸石、活性氧化铝或氧化铝中的一种或一种以上的组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的废气处理工艺,其特征在于,所述吸附剂为蜂窝状活性炭。
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