CN112546858A - Waste gas treatment process for tail gas of alcohol fermentation tank - Google Patents
Waste gas treatment process for tail gas of alcohol fermentation tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN112546858A CN112546858A CN202011360510.1A CN202011360510A CN112546858A CN 112546858 A CN112546858 A CN 112546858A CN 202011360510 A CN202011360510 A CN 202011360510A CN 112546858 A CN112546858 A CN 112546858A
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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Images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/804—UV light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a waste gas treatment process of alcohol fermentation tank tail gas, which comprises the steps of collecting waste gas, pretreating the waste gas to reduce the temperature of the waste gas, carrying out first spraying absorption treatment on the waste gas to remove water-soluble compounds, decomposing high-molecular organic compounds through catalytic oxidation treatment, carrying out second spraying absorption treatment and post-treatment, drying the waste gas, carrying out efficient adsorption separation treatment to remove residual pollutants and odor, and safely discharging. The method can safely and effectively treat the tail gas of the alcohol fermentation tank to ensure that the tail gas reaches the emission standard, and has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, environmental protection and energy conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment, in particular to a waste gas treatment process for tail gas of an alcohol fermentation tank.
Background
The production of white spirit is a process of producing distilled spirit by using grain as main raw material, using Daqu, Xiaoqu or bran koji and yeast as saccharification leaven and through steaming, saccharifying, fermenting and distilling.
At present, a grain steaming workshop can generate a large amount of distiller's grain gas containing heat in the brewing and manufacturing process, the distiller's grain gas is mainly a mixture of water vapor and VOCs, and if the distiller's grain gas is directly discharged outside, the health of workers is influenced, and the environment is seriously polluted.
Therefore, according to the exhaust emission standard and the requirement, in the pollution prevention and treatment of the beverage wine manufacturing industry, the principle of reduction, reutilization and resource utilization is followed, the whole process comprehensive pollution prevention and treatment technical route of source control, production process emission reduction, waste resource utilization and tail end treatment is adopted, the process cleanness and resource recycling are enhanced, an automatic control system and a production monitoring system are adopted as much as possible in the production process, the clean production technology and process are pushed, and the basic requirement of clean production in the industry is met.
Wherein the source control is the most effective, the gas collection and exhaust system can be installed in the grain steaming workshop, the centralized collection, treatment and discharge of waste gas in the grain steaming and wine distilling processes can be realized, the closed measure should be adopted for the vinasse, the generated waste gas is collected, and the waste gas is treated by advanced technologies such as a chemical absorption method or an activated carbon adsorption method and then reaches the standard and is discharged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a waste gas treatment process for alcohol fermentation tank tail gas, which can treat harmful components in waste gas generated in the fermentation process of white spirit production and can reach the emission standard.
In order to solve the technical problem, the waste gas treatment process of the tail gas of the alcohol fermentation tank provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
collecting waste gas: collecting and mixing tail gas of the alcohol fermentation tank;
pretreatment: heat recovery equipment is used for recovering heat of the collected waste gas, so that the temperature of the waste gas is reduced;
first spraying and absorbing treatment: the pretreated waste gas is in countercurrent contact reaction with an absorbent in a spray absorption tower, the waste gas is primarily purified, the waste gas components which are easy to dissolve in water are removed, and the waste gas is secondarily cooled;
catalytic oxidation treatment: degrading high molecular organic matters in the waste gas and further decomposing into CO2And H2O and low molecular weight compounds;
and (3) second spraying and absorbing treatment: performing secondary purification treatment on the waste gas, namely performing purification treatment on low-molecular compounds in the waste gas subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment;
and (3) post-treatment: drying the waste gas subjected to the second spraying and absorbing treatment;
efficient adsorption separation treatment: completely treating incompletely treated pollutant and odor in the waste gas in the previous period by using the adsorbent.
Preferably, in the pretreatment step, the heat recovery device is a heat exchanger, and the temperature of the steam in the exhaust gas discharged after being condensed by the heat recovery device is 50 ℃.
Preferably, the absorbent in the first spraying and absorbing treatment step and the second spraying and absorbing treatment step is one or more of clear water, acid-base chemical solution, strong oxidant solution or organic solvent; and a multi-surface ball filler is placed in the spray absorption tower.
Preferably, the absorbent is clear water.
Preferably, the catalytic oxidation treatment step uses a high-energy UV ultraviolet beam and ozone to carry out a synergistic decomposition oxidation reaction on the industrial waste gas. Oxygen molecules in the air are decomposed through the high-energy UV light beams to generate free oxygen, namely active oxygen, and the free oxygen carries out positive and negative electron imbalance so that the oxygen molecules need to be combined, and then ozone is generated.
Preferably, the UV ultraviolet light beam is-C waveband ultraviolet light.
Preferably, the adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, silica gel, molecular sieve zeolite, activated alumina or alumina.
Preferably, the adsorbent is honeycomb activated carbon.
After the waste gas is collected, the waste gas is pretreated, the waste gas enters a temperature-changing heat recovery device in the pretreatment step, the heat of the water vapor is recovered, the recovered heat can be utilized for the second time, the energy-saving effect is achieved, the waste gas from which the water vapor is removed is subjected to the first spraying and absorbing treatment step to remove the waste gas components which are easy to dissolve in water, and the secondary temperature reduction is carried out on the waste gas; in the step of catalytic oxidation treatment of the waste gas, the waste gas is subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction to degrade high molecular organic matters in the waste gas into small molecules, and the decomposed small molecular component waste gas is subjected to secondary spray absorption treatment and then is subjected to post-treatment and drying treatment.
The dried waste gas is deeply treated through a high-efficiency adsorption separation treatment step, pollution components and odor in the waste gas are completely treated, and the treated clean air is sent to a chimney through a fan power system for exhaust.
Compared with the related art, the waste gas treatment process of the alcohol fermentation tank tail gas provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can enable the tail gas of the alcohol fermentation tank to reach the national emission standard, effectively reach the emission standard, have good treatment effect, control the emission of the waste gas from the source of the waste gas emission, have good control effect, properly treat other wastes generated in the waste gas purification process and avoid secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the waste gas treatment process of the alcohol fermentation tank tail gas provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a process for treating waste gas from an alcohol fermentation tank includes the following steps:
s1, collecting waste gas: collecting waste gas in a reaction kettle of each production line in a workshop by using a suction arm, extending a pipeline with the collected waste gas to the outside, and collecting and mixing other outdoor waste gas to realize the collection and mixing of tail gas of alcohol fermentation tanks of a plurality of production lines in the workshop;
s2, preprocessing: in the step, heat recovery equipment is used for recovering heat of the collected waste gas to reduce the temperature of the waste gas, the selected heat recovery equipment is a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is not only general equipment widely used by industrial departments for ensuring certain industrial processes and conditions, but also main equipment for developing and utilizing industrial secondary energy and realizing waste heat recovery and energy conservation, the collected waste gas is treated by the heat exchanger, most substances in the waste gas are easily dissolved in water, the concentration of the steam is detected to be very low after the steam is cooled by detecting components of vinasse waste gas, and in order to avoid the pollutants from reaching a boiling point and save cost, the discharge temperature of the steam after being condensed is designed to be 50 ℃ in the embodiment;
s3, first spraying and absorbing treatment: the pretreated waste gas is purified in a spray absorption tower, the waste gas enters the interior from the bottom of the spray absorption tower, the waste gas is in countercurrent contact with an absorbent from the top of the tower in the rising process, wherein the absorbent is clear water, 90 percent of organic matters volatilized from the waste gas are easily dissolved in water, so that the cost can be saved and secondary pollution can not be caused by selecting the clear water as the absorbent, a multi-surface ball filler is also added in the spray absorption tower, the contact area of gas and liquid is increased, the ball filler is suspended to form turbulent rotation and mutual collision under the interaction of various forces such as the impulse force of rising high-speed airflow, the buoyancy force of liquid, self gravity and the like, the gas and liquid are in close contact, the contact time of the gas and the liquid is also prolonged, the molecules of the waste gas and the molecules of the absorbent are fully reacted, the mass transfer, the heat transfer and the purification are effectively carried out, and the waste gas is, removing the waste gas components which are easy to dissolve in water, and carrying out secondary cooling on the waste gas;
s4, catalytic oxidation treatment: the waste gas after the first spraying and absorbing treatment is subjected to synergistic decomposition and oxidation reaction on the industrial waste gas through high-energy UV (ultraviolet) light beams and ozone, so that high-molecular organic matters in the waste gas are degraded and further decomposed into CO2And H2O and low molecular weight compounds; wherein, shine waste gas through high energy UV ultraviolet ray beam earlier, can split industrial waste gas like: ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide and methyl hydrogen sulfideMethyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide and styrene, sulfide H2S, VOC, benzene, toluene, and xylene molecular chain structure, which can degrade organic or inorganic polymer molecule chain of malodorous compound under irradiation of high-energy ultraviolet beam to convert into low-molecular compound, such as CO2、H2O, and the like, and simultaneously the high-energy UV light beam decomposes oxygen molecules in the air to generate free oxygen, namely active oxygen, and the free oxygen needs to be combined with the oxygen molecules because positive and negative electrons carried by the free oxygen are not balanced, so that ozone is generated, wherein the reaction relationship is as follows:
UV+O2→ O- + O (active oxygen) O + O2→O3
The method comprises the steps of cracking molecular bonds of bacteria in the industrial waste gas by using high-energy UV light beams, Destroying Nucleic Acid (DNA) of the bacteria, and then carrying out oxidation reaction by ozone to thoroughly achieve the purpose of purifying and killing the bacteria.
S5, second spraying and absorbing treatment: low molecular compounds exist in the waste gas after the catalytic oxidation treatment, the waste gas is subjected to secondary purification treatment through the spray absorption tower, and the low molecular compounds in the waste gas after the catalytic oxidation treatment are subjected to purification treatment, so that harmful compounds in the waste gas are purified;
s6, post-processing: drying the waste gas subjected to the secondary spraying and absorbing treatment, drying the waste gas by using a drying agent filled in the drying equipment after the waste gas enters the drying equipment, and quickly capturing internal water vapor when the waste gas flows through the surface of the filling material, so that the humidity of the waste gas is reduced and the waste gas is discharged;
s7, efficient adsorption separation treatment: the exhaust waste gas after the post-treatment step enters the adsorption equipment which can purify the organic waste gas with higher concentration and the spray paint waste gas, the organic waste gas molecules in the waste gas are adsorbed by combining the action of a fan through the high-strength adsorption force of the adsorbent, and the exhaust gas containing organic solvents such as benzene, alcohol, ketone, ester, gasoline and the like has good adsorption effect, so that the pollution components and odor which are not completely treated in the front-stage waste gas are completely treated through the adsorbent, and the finally exhausted waste gas can reach the emission standard.
In this embodiment, the adsorbent is honeycomb activated carbon, and the treated exhaust gas can fully contact with the activated carbon when passing through the square holes of the honeycomb activated carbon, so that the adsorbent has high adsorption efficiency, small wind resistance coefficient, excellent adsorption and desorption properties and gas dynamic properties, and can be widely used for purifying and treating organic gases containing toluene, xylene, benzene, and other benzenes, phenols, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and other malodorous gases and various gases containing trace heavy metals. The waste gas treatment and purification efficiency of the environment-friendly equipment adopting the honeycomb activated carbon is high, the equipment volume is small, the energy consumption is low, the manufacturing cost and the operation cost can be reduced, and the clean air after the step of high-efficiency adsorption and separation treatment is sent into a chimney for exhaust through a fan power system, so that the environment-friendly emission requirement is met.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The waste gas treatment process of the alcohol fermentation tank tail gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting waste gas: collecting and mixing tail gas of the alcohol fermentation tank;
pretreatment: heat recovery equipment is used for recovering heat of the collected waste gas, so that the temperature of the waste gas is reduced;
first spraying and absorbing treatment: the pretreated waste gas is in countercurrent contact reaction with an absorbent in a spray absorption tower, the waste gas is primarily purified, the waste gas components which are easy to dissolve in water are removed, and the waste gas is secondarily cooled;
catalytic oxidation treatment: degrading high molecular organic matters in the waste gas and further decomposing into CO2And H2O and low molecular weight compounds;
and (3) second spraying and absorbing treatment: performing secondary purification treatment on the waste gas, namely performing purification treatment on low-molecular compounds in the waste gas subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment;
and (3) post-treatment: drying the waste gas subjected to the second spraying and absorbing treatment;
efficient adsorption separation treatment: completely treating incompletely treated pollutant and odor in the waste gas in the previous period by using the adsorbent.
2. The exhaust gas treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the pretreatment step, the heat recovery device is a heat exchanger, and the temperature of the steam in the exhaust gas discharged after being condensed by the heat recovery device is 50 ℃.
3. The waste gas treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent in the first spray absorption treatment step and the second spray absorption treatment step is one or more of clear water, an acid-base chemical solution, a strong oxidant solution or an organic solvent; and a multi-surface ball filler is placed in the spray absorption tower.
4. The exhaust gas treatment process of claim 3, wherein the absorbent is clear water.
5. The waste gas treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalytic oxidation treatment step is carried out by using a high-energy UV ultraviolet beam and ozone to carry out a synergistic decomposition oxidation reaction on the industrial waste gas.
6. The exhaust gas treatment process of claim 5, wherein the UV light beam is a-C band UV light.
7. The exhaust gas treatment process of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent is one or a combination of more than one of activated carbon, silica gel, molecular sieve zeolite, activated alumina, or alumina.
8. The exhaust gas treatment process of claim 7, wherein the adsorbent is honeycomb activated carbon.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208229640U (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-12-14 | 纳路（厦门）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of exhaust treatment system |
| CN109758889A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-17 | 山东兰陵美酒股份有限公司 | A kind of liquor industry workshop VOCs waste gas processing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208229640U (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-12-14 | 纳路（厦门）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of exhaust treatment system |
| CN109758889A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-17 | 山东兰陵美酒股份有限公司 | A kind of liquor industry workshop VOCs waste gas processing method |
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Application publication date: 20210326 |