CN112543839A - Method and apparatus for early detection of kick - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for early detection of kick Download PDFInfo
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- CN112543839A CN112543839A CN201880093597.5A CN201880093597A CN112543839A CN 112543839 A CN112543839 A CN 112543839A CN 201880093597 A CN201880093597 A CN 201880093597A CN 112543839 A CN112543839 A CN 112543839A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit, comprising: collecting the inflow rate and the outflow rate of the drilling fluid; calibrating the outflow rate to obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid; determining a flow rate difference between the inflow rate of the drilling fluid and the calibrated outflow rate; and identifying the kick based on the flow rate differential. The invention also discloses an apparatus (1) for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit.
Description
Background
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit.
During drilling operations, high pressure gas, oil, or other well fluids may flow from the drilled formation into the wellbore created during the drilling process. The unexpected influx from the formation into the wellbore is known in the industry as a "kick" and may occur at unpredictable moments. If the "kick" is not controlled in a timely manner, the well and the equipment therein will be damaged. Currently, certain commercial meters, such as Coriolis (Coriolis) meters, EM meters, or Doppler (Doppler) meters, may be used for inflow and outflow measurements in a wellhead environment; or use the difference between inflow and outflow (which is obtained by gathering more information and building more complex models) to calibrate as much as possible the measured outflow in the downhole environment to detect a kick.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide methods and apparatus for early kick detection with at least a simple configuration, high reliability and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one embodiment disclosed herein, a method for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit is provided. The method comprises the following steps: collecting the inflow rate and the outflow rate of the drilling fluid; calibrating the outflow rate to obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid; determining a flow rate difference between the inflow rate of the drilling fluid and the calibrated outflow rate; and identifying the kick based on the flow rate differential.
In accordance with another embodiment disclosed herein, an apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit is provided. The apparatus comprises: a first sensor positioned in an onshore input flow section of the drilling fluid circuit for detecting an inflow rate of drilling fluid; a second sensor positioned in a subsea return flow section of the drilling fluid circuit for detecting an outflow rate of the drilling fluid; and a controller in communication with the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller includes: a parameter collection unit configured to collect the inflow rate and the outflow rate of the drilling fluid; a calculation unit configured for calibrating the outflow rate to obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid, and determining a flow velocity difference between the inflow rate of the drilling fluid and the calibrated outflow rate; and a kick detection unit configured to identify the kick based on the flow rate difference.
Drawings
These and other features and aspects of the present disclosure will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit, according to one embodiment; and is
Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit, according to one embodiment.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "a" and "an" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The use of "including," "comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
A "fluid" may be, but is not limited to, a gas, a liquid, an emulsion, a slurry, and/or a stream of solid particles having flow characteristics similar to the flow of a liquid. "fluid pressure" is the pressure created by fluids in the formation.
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit is shown, according to one embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus 1 may be used in an offshore drilling rig having a drilling fluid circuit 11 that enters a well drilled below the seabed. Fluid flow is pumped into the well from a platform on the water surface and flows to the well via the input fluid path. The return flow flows from the well toward the surface via a return path. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the platform on the water surface is a mud tank.
In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus 1 comprises a first sensor 10 configured to measure the inflow rate of drilling fluid pumped into the well. The first sensor 10 positioned in the offshore input flow section 101 of the drilling fluid circuit 11 may be a stroke counter connected to a fluid pump providing an input flow into the input fluid path. Due to the uniformity of the density and other physical characteristics of the fluid input into the well, various known flow measurement methods may be employed.
The device 1 further comprises a second sensor 20 configured to measure the outflow rate of the drilling fluid. The second sensor 20 positioned in the subsea return flow section 102 of the drilling fluid circuit 11 may be any existing type of flow measurement device, with no requirement on the accuracy of the measured flow.
The device 1 further comprises a controller 30, which is in communication with the first sensor 10 and the second sensor 20. The controller 30 includes a parameter collection unit 31, a calculation unit 32, and a kick detection unit 33.
The parameter collecting unit 31 is configured to collect inflow and outflow rates measured in real time by the first sensor 10 and the second sensor 20.
The calculation unit 32 is configured for calibrating the outflow rate and determining a flow rate difference between the inflow rate of the drilling fluid and the calibrated outflow rate. The calculation unit 32 further comprises a modeling element 321 and a calibration element 322. The modeling element 321 is configured to monitor the evaluation of the inflow rate and the outflow rate over time and to obtain a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the inflow rate and the outflow rate over time. The calibration element 322 is configured to determine a calibrated outflow rate based on the reference pattern. For illustrative purposes, a linear function of the trends in inflow and outflow rates measured over time will now be assumed to be flow (it should be understood that the trends in inflow and outflow rates over time may be higher order functions or non-linear functions):
VFRout(t)＝K·VFRin(t-T0) (1)
wherein VFRinIs the measured inflow rate, VFRoutIs the measured outflow rate, T is time, K and T0Is a time-varying parameter that can be estimated via the following equation:
min{sum(|VFRout(t)-K·VFRin(t-T0)|)} (2)
in normal operation (i.e., no kick event occurs), the outflow rate is equal to the inflow rate and should be understood as a calibrated outflow rate
The following equation can then be obtained:
by substituting equation (3) into equation (1), the following equation can be obtained:
the calibrated outflow rate may then be obtained via equation (4).
After obtaining the calibrated flow rate, the flow rate difference may be determined by the following equation (5):
wherein the inflow rate (VFR)in) May be constant or variable. If the inflow rate is constant, the above calibration process can be simplified via the following equation:
T0＝0
VFRout(t)＝K·VFRin
the kick detection unit 33 is configured to identify a kick based on the flow rate difference. Specifically, during normal operation (i.e., no kick event occurs), the outflow rate is always equal to the inflow rate, and the flow rate difference is zero. If the inflow rate continues to be greater than zero, the flow rate differential continues to increase, indicating that a kick event has occurred or is about to occur.
The controller 30 also includes a pre-processing unit (34) configured to pre-process a rate of inflow (VFR) of the drilling fluidin) And outflow Rate (VFR)out) To filter out fluctuations and thereby improve the accuracy of the previous calibration procedure.
In some embodiments, the apparatus 1 further comprises a third sensor 40 configured for collecting drilling parameters of the drill bit movement. The drilling parameters include the area of the cross-section of the drill bit and the rate of movement of the drill bit. The third sensor 40 is in communication with the wellsite information transmission specification system and is also in communication with the controller 30. In the foregoing calibration process, it is also necessary to take into account variations in the outflow rate caused by the drill bit movement. The change in outflow rate caused by bit motion can be obtained by the following equation:
where S is the area of the cross-section of the bit, driling bittevelness is the rate of bit movement, and
is the outflow rate caused by the drill bit movement.
Referring to fig. 2, a flow diagram of a method for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit is shown, according to one embodiment. The method 100 comprises: a step 110 of collecting the inflow rate and outflow rate of the drilling fluid; a step 120 of calibrating the outflow rate to obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid; a step 130 of determining a flow rate difference between the inflow rate of the drilling fluid and the calibrated outflow rate; and identifying a kick based on the flow rate differential 140.
In one embodiment, step 120 comprises: a step 121 of monitoring the assessment of the inflow rate and outflow rate over time; a step 122 of obtaining a reference pattern based on the evaluation of the inflow rate and the outflow rate over time; and a step 123 of determining a calibrated outflow rate based on the reference pattern. The reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter for calibrating the outflow rate.
In one embodiment, the method 100 further includes the step 150 of pre-treating the inflow and outflow rates of the drilling fluid to filter out fluctuations.
In one embodiment, 100 further comprises; collecting drilling parameters of the drill bit movement 161; and a step 162 of estimating a drilling outflow rate based on the drilling parameter to calibrate the outflow rate.
Apparatus and methods as described above are provided for early kick detection. Accurate estimates of outflow rate can be obtained without high precision flow meters and complex calibration procedures for outflow rate in order to achieve accurate and early kick detection.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the skilled person will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different implementations. Similarly, the various method steps and features described, as well as other known equivalents for each such method and feature, can be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to construct additional components and techniques in accordance with principles of this disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit, comprising:
collecting inflow Rate (VFR) of drilling fluidin) And outflow Rate (VFR)out)；
Calibrating the outflow Rate (VFR)out) To obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid
Determining the inflow rate (VFR) of the drilling fluidin) And the calibrated outflow rate
Flow rate difference (Δ flow) therebetween; and
identifying the kick based on the flow rate differential (Δ flow).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the outflow rate (VFR) is calibratedout) To obtain the calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid
The method comprises the following steps:
monitoring the inflow rate (VFR) over timein) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) (ii) evaluation of (d);
based on the inflow rate (VFR) over timein) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) To obtain a reference pattern; and
determining the calibrated outflow rate based on the reference pattern
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter (K, T) for calibrating the outflow rate0)。
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
pretreating the inflow rate (VFR) of the drilling fluidin) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) To filter out fluctuations.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
collecting drilling parameters (S) of the drill bit movement; and
estimating a drilling outflow rate based on the drilling parameter (S)
To calibrate the outflow Rate (VFR)out)。
6. An apparatus for early kick detection in a drilling system having a drilling fluid circuit, comprising:
a first sensor positioned in an onshore input flow section of the drilling fluid circuit for detecting a rate of inflow of drilling fluid (VFR)in)；
A second sensor positioned in a subsea return flow section of the drilling fluid circuit for detecting a rate of outflow (VFR) of the drilling fluidout) (ii) a And
a controller in communication with the first sensor and the second sensor and comprising:
a parameter collection unit configured for collecting the inflow rate (VFR) of the drilling fluidin) And the outflow rate (VFR)out)；
A calculation unit configured for calibrating the outflow rate (VFR)out) To obtain a calibrated outflow rate of the drilling fluid
And determining the drilling fluidOf (d) the inflow rate (VFR)in) And the calibrated outflow rate
Flow rate difference (Δ flow) therebetween; and
a kick detection unit configured to identify the kick based on the flow rate difference (Δ flow).
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the computing unit comprises:
a modeling element for monitoring the inflow rate (VFR) over timein) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) Based on the inflow rate (VFR) over timein) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) To obtain a reference pattern; and
a calibration element to determine the calibrated outflow rate based on the reference pattern
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the reference pattern comprises at least one time-varying parameter (K, T) for calibrating the outflow rate0)。
9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a pre-treatment unit configured for pre-treating the inflow rate (VFR) of the drilling fluidin) And the outflow rate (VFR)out) To filter out fluctuations.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the parameter collection unit is further configured for collecting drilling parameters (S) of bit movement from a third sensor; and the computing unit is further equipped withIs configured to estimate a drilling outflow rate based on the drilling parameter (S)
To calibrate the outflow Rate (VFR)out)。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/092308 WO2019241980A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Method and apparatus for early detection of kicks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112543839A true CN112543839A (en) | 2021-03-23 |
Family
ID=68983169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880093597.5A Pending CN112543839A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Method and apparatus for early detection of kick |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210246743A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20210013721A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN112543839A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112020023947A2 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2020012617A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20201441A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019241980A1 (en) |
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| CN106917596A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-07-04 | 通用电气公司 | For the well kick detecting system and method and related well system of drill well bores |
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2018
- 2018-06-22 US US16/972,919 patent/US20210246743A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-22 MX MX2020012617A patent/MX2020012617A/en unknown
- 2018-06-22 BR BR112020023947-0A patent/BR112020023947A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-06-22 KR KR1020207037301A patent/KR20210013721A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-06-22 WO PCT/CN2018/092308 patent/WO2019241980A1/en active Application Filing
- 2018-06-22 CN CN201880093597.5A patent/CN112543839A/en active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 NO NO20201441A patent/NO20201441A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2020012617A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
| NO20201441A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| BR112020023947A2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
| WO2019241980A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
| KR20210013721A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
| US20210246743A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
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