CN112523224B - Construction method for earth excavation of deep foundation pit - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit, which is characterized in that the quantity of engineering equipment for safe construction is determined by a bearing test firstly, so that the construction quantity is enlarged as far as possible in a safe range, then the lateral collapse of a soil layer is reduced by adopting a mode of layered batch-by-batch excavation, then the excavated earth is conveyed by material lifting equipment, and the earth excavated by conveying equipment through a ramp is reduced or even eliminated as far as possible, therefore, the construction method has the effect of greatly improving the construction efficiency on the basis of ensuring the construction safety of a landfill.

Description

Construction method for earth excavation of deep foundation pit

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit.

Background

At present, the widely adopted garbage disposal method in China mainly comprises sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. China establishes standard landfill sites from the late stage of the 20 th century and the 80 th year, the landfill sites are greatly improved compared with the initial landfill sites (irregular landfill sites), and corresponding control measures are taken for pollution of landfill leachate and landfill gas in the design; in the aspect of construction management, partition landfill, layered compaction, regular soil covering and the like are carried out. The sanitary landfill method has the advantages of large treatment capacity, strong adaptability, one-time treatment, no residue, convenient management and reasonable operation cost, so the method becomes a main means for treating urban solid wastes in China. By pressing the data of the Ministry of construction, 73% of domestic garbage in China is treated by landfill as of 2011.

However, as urbanization in china progresses, old landfills and some irregular landfills that were located in the suburbs in the past are now gradually becoming located in major urban areas. The continuous innovation of new garbage sorting technology has provided a method for classifying and treating garbage in an environment-friendly way so far, so that once garbage landfill sites, particularly irregular landfill sites, need to clean and reuse land.

In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor believes that for a non-regular landfill site, the following situations are frequently existed, 1, classification of garbage is rough and even classification is not performed, 2, the site uncertainty of the garbage landfill is high, and one landfill site can be divided into multiple times and landfilled at multiple points. The above two points all cause the complex soil layer composition of the landfill and the wide landfill occupation. The bearing capacity of the area is different and much weaker than that of general geology, so that too much engineering equipment is not suitable to be used when foundation pit earth excavation is carried out, otherwise, the collapse problem can be caused by the fact that the bearing exceeds the limit, and the excavation construction efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the construction efficiency on the basis of ensuring the construction safety of a landfill site, the application provides a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit.

The construction method for earth excavation of the deep foundation pit adopts the following technical scheme: a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit comprises the following steps:

step S1, construction preparation, namely dividing a construction site into a plurality of excavation areas, carrying out a bearing test on each excavation area, and determining the quantity of engineering equipment capable of excavating simultaneously;

step S2, performing first-layer excavation, namely determining the first-layer excavation depth of the area subjected to the bearing test, dividing the depth into a plurality of sub-excavation layers, performing second sub-excavation after the first sub-excavation layer excavation is completed, excavating, reserving a ramp and reinforcing the ramp by using a backing plate and a scaffold in the excavation process, and conveying excavated earthwork to a ground storage area by using conveying equipment;

s3, constructing a conveying path, constructing material lifting equipment from the first layer of tunnel to the ground, placing at least one excavating device and at least one conveying device in the foundation pit excavated on the first layer, and carrying out a bearing test on the foundation pit excavated on the first layer;

step S4, performing second-layer excavation, wherein the excavation mode is the same as that of the first-layer excavation, the conveying mode adopts conveying equipment to convey earthwork to material conveying equipment, and then the earthwork is conveyed to a ground storage area by material lifting equipment;

and S5, deeply excavating layer by layer to form a foundation pit according to the step S2-4.

By adopting the technical scheme, firstly, the quantity of engineering equipment for safe construction is determined by a load-bearing test so as to expand the construction quantity as much as possible within a safe range; secondly, the mode of batch by batch excavation can reduce the soil layer drop in layering, can reduce the side direction collapse of soil layer, wherein the excavation of first layer is because being nearer from the ground, wherein excavation earthwork can directly be carried away through transporting equipment, along with the increase of excavation depth, the bearing stability of ramp will descend because of the increase of height, and adopt material hoisting equipment to carry excavation earthwork on the one hand speed is very fast, the efficiency of construction is high, on the other hand also can reduce as far as possible or even eliminate transport equipment and send the earthwork of excavation outward through the ramp, also greatly improved construction safety.

Optionally, the material lifting device in step S3 is a chain slat conveyor, and the chain slat conveyor is mounted on one side of the ramp and is reinforced on the ramp; a hopper with a storage function is built at the conveying starting point of the chain plate type conveyor, and a groove is dug in advance when the chain plate type conveyor and the hopper are installed, so that the opening of the hopper is close to the ground as much as possible.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the complicated mixture body to earth, stone, rubbish that chain slat conveyor can be better is carried, and the position setting of hopper can make the unloading of conveying equipment more convenient.

Optionally, the number ratio of the carrying apparatus to the excavating apparatus in step S3 is 2: 1.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two transport equipment can be in turn carry out the storage work of excavating and transport the blowing work behind the material lifting means, reduce or even eliminate excavating equipment and material lifting means's neutral time, improve holistic efficiency of construction.

Optionally, the load-bearing test mode of step S1 is: and placing bearing plates at a plurality of point positions of corresponding areas, placing engineering equipment or materials with equal weight on the bearing plates, and determining the bearing capacity of the soil layer according to the sinking amplitude of the bearing plates after at least 48 hours.

By adopting the technical scheme, the landfill site has certain bearing capacity after long-term landfill compaction, and a form of a multi-point heavy plate is adopted, so that even if the bearing capacity of the original soil layer is slightly deficient, the bearing capacity can be increased after 48 hours of compaction so as to facilitate subsequent construction, the sinking amplitude and the position of the bearing plate can be used for effectively judging the landfill position and the current bearing condition, and the most basic bearing requirement is that the sinking amplitude is within 10mm generally.

Optionally, the method further comprises the step of S6, performing on-site pretreatment and transportation, placing pretreatment equipment (10) in a ground storage area corresponding to the excavation area, scattering and screening the mixture of the soil blocks and the garbage excavated on site, at least screening out the impurities with large particle size larger than 10cm, and directly performing manual screening on the impurities with large particle size on site; conveying other garbage mixtures to a garbage temporary storage area of a transfer site;

and step S7, conveying the garbage mixture in the temporary garbage storage area to a screening device of the garbage treatment station for screening treatment.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, some light matters are broken up the piece soil to certain extent like the plastic bag and together are sieved away along with the piece soil after, and the stone of great particle diameter in the piece soil, metal support body etc. because of unable through screening hole, will be in the process of constantly sieving and breaking up and separate with piece soil gradually, because of the big particle diameter screening thing that wherein sieves out generally with the stone many, the manual work is easier with stone and other debris separation, and the stone is very easy to be cleaned, can also be applied to the site operation and backfill, also consequently, the cost of material round trip transportation has been reduced by a wide margin, the damage that has only been used for the screening equipment of rubbish screening to the refuse disposal station to more large-scale stone has also been avoided, consequently, the multiplexing cost of clearing up of effectual reduction landfill.

Optionally, step S7 and the following steps include the following steps:

step S8, feeding and screening, namely pouring the garbage mixture into a chain plate type feeding system to convey and guide materials, and then conveying the materials to a manual sorting platform through a belt conveyor;

step S9, manual sorting, namely screening waste electronic products, waste lamp tubes and waste daily chemicals mixed in the heavy objects on the conveyer belt through manual sorting and then carrying out magnetic separation;

step S10, primary coarse screening, screening out oversize products and undersize products from the mixed garbage through a drum screen, and conveying the oversize products into air separation screening equipment for separating inorganic aggregate from light materials; the oversize and undersize of the drum sieve are respectively provided with a permanent magnet iron remover to recover small pieces of magnetic metal which are carried in the garbage and cannot be magnetically separated at the front end;

step S11, magnetic separation is carried out, and waste batteries and metal fragments in the waste batteries and the metal fragments are removed;

step S12, primary fine screening, namely screening oversize materials and undersize materials of the mixed garbage through a drum screen, and conveying the oversize materials into air separation screening equipment to separate inorganic aggregate from light materials;

step S13, secondary fine screening, namely, performing secondary fine screening through a bounce sorting machine, and further screening small light matters in undersize matters generated by a coarse screening system into undersize matters and oversize matters;

and S14, winnowing, wherein oversize materials enter a winnowing machine through a conveyer belt, and the winnowing machine is used for sieving small inorganic aggregates and small light inorganic aggregates.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the artifical back of sorting out poisonous and harmful substance, can reduce the pollution of soil to a certain extent, and subsequent multistage classification can make clod and rubbish obtain abundant screening to be applied to different application occasions with different screening thing, the abundant utilization ratio that improves rubbish and earth.

Optionally, the mixture sieved in step S6 is divided into three grades: a. b, impurities with large particle size, and a mixture with small particle size; c. a mixture of intermediate particle sizes between a and b; for the screened materials of the grades b and c, conveying the screened materials to a temporary storage area of the garbage in a transfer site by adopting a transport vehicle, directly carrying out manual screening on the screened materials a after the screened materials are screened in the current pretreatment area or opening a square on the site, and carrying out screening after the screened materials a are conveyed to the square by the transport vehicle; for the screen c to be screened in step S7, the screen b is directly fed to step 9 in a different channel, and then merged with the original screen c in step S9.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mixture of small particle size generally includes fine sand, loose earth, screw etc., separate it, can make subsequent manual sorting's interference factor littleer, thereby sieve harmful substance more easily, and carry out metal sorting to b class screening thing also mainly is in order to get rid of metal or heavy metal material wherein, pollute groundwater source after avoiding backfilling, screening thing b, c walk different magnetic separation passageway and can make screening between them easier, avoid the secondary mixing and produce the cover, and under the condition of cylinder screening, because mixed earth and lightweight aggregate are sieved very easily, can be under the condition of guaranteeing screening efficiency with same drum sieve, the utilization ratio of effectual improvement screening equipment.

Optionally, the pretreatment device comprises a rack with traveling wheels, the rack is sequentially provided with a feeding mechanism for lifting ground materials to the upper part of the rack from the head to the tail, a collecting hopper for receiving the materials of the feeding mechanism, a roller for screening the materials, and a first feeding mechanism for feeding away the screened materials of the roller, wherein an outlet of the collecting hopper is communicated to an inlet of the roller, and an outlet of the roller corresponds to the first feeding mechanism; and a second feeding mechanism for conveying the undersize of the roller is arranged on the side part of the rack, a support is fixed at the top of the rack, and the feeding mechanism is hinged with the support and can be turned up to the top of the rack.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can directly use ground to carry out the material loading as the initial point, make on-the-spot excavation and transport can not confine the long arm excavator to, some height-limited excavates or conveying machinery also can carry, increase substantially holistic conveying efficiency, it has better continuity to make the screening of follow-up cylinder handle yet, and when feed mechanism's hinge structure made whole equipment need shift, can upturn to the top of frame with feed mechanism, make the head can link to each other with other engineering machine that possess power and reach the effect that shifts.

Feed mechanism includes slat conveyor and feeder hopper, and the both sides of feeder hopper are equipped with first articulated slab, and the both sides of the one end that the slat conveyor kept away from the support are articulated to have the second articulated slab, the maximum length of first articulated slab and second articulated slab articulated each other and combination is enough to make the feeder hopper upset bypass the tip of slat conveyor.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, feeder hopper upset design makes chain slat conveyor when upset to frame top, and the feeder hopper can overturn to the one side that chain slat conveyor kept away from the frame to make chain slat conveyor can basically be with the top parallel and level of frame, holistic support is more even.

Optionally, a first hydraulic cylinder, a first winch and a first telescopic rod driven by hydraulic pressure are arranged at the top of the rack, the first winch is located on one side, away from the support, of the first telescopic rod, the first telescopic rod is vertically fixed to the rack, a pulley is fixed to the top of the first winch, and a rope of the first winch bypasses the pulley and is fixed to the side wall of the chain plate type conveyor; the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the top of the rack, a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is hinged to a sliding block, sliding rails matched with the sliding block and sliding are fixed on two sides of the chain plate conveyor, and when the chain plate conveyor is turned to be in a vertical state, the maximum length of the first hydraulic cylinder is enough to push the sliding block to the end, far away from the rack, of the sliding rail.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the tip of chain slat conveyor was towards the ground, mainly overturn by first hoist engine and promote, when chain slat conveyor is the more than the level state of turning up, promote by the upset of first hoist engine and first pneumatic cylinder combined action, when chain slat conveyor is vertical to the state of turning down, first pneumatic cylinder can with the slider propelling movement to the end of keeping away from the frame of slide rail, support the decline by first pneumatic cylinder to this realizes the automatic upset of chain slat conveyor through the cooperation of first hoist engine and first pneumatic cylinder.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

firstly, the quantity of engineering equipment for safe construction is determined through a bearing test, so that the construction amount is enlarged as much as possible in a safe range, then the lateral collapse of a soil layer is reduced by adopting a mode of excavating layer by layer batch by batch, then excavated earthwork is conveyed by material lifting equipment, the earthwork excavated by conveying equipment through a ramp is reduced or even eliminated as much as possible, and the construction safety and the construction efficiency are also greatly improved.

The on-site digging mixture is pretreated through the movable pretreatment equipment, the screening materials are subjected to multistage different treatment modes, the cost of material back and forth transportation is greatly reduced, damage to the screening equipment which is originally only used for screening garbage caused by large-sized stones is avoided, the interference of soil to garbage sorting is reduced, and the reuse and cleaning cost of the landfill is effectively reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the construction method of the present embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the construction site layout of the present embodiment.

Fig. 3 is an expanded configuration diagram of the pretreatment device of the present embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a structural view of the charging mechanism of the present embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the drum and the feeding mechanism of the present embodiment.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of fig. 5 at a of the present embodiment.

Fig. 7 is an internal structural view of the drum of the present embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a folded configuration view of the pretreatment device of the present embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a connection relationship diagram of the turning plate and the first feeding mechanism of the embodiment.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a frame; 11. a support; 12. a first hydraulic cylinder; 121. a slider; 13. a first winch; 14. a first telescopic rod; 15. a pulley; 16. a base; 17. a grooved wheel; 18. a motor; 181. a gear;

2. a collection hopper;

3. a feeding mechanism; 31. a chain slat conveyor; 311. a slide rail; 32. a feed hopper; 33. a first hinge plate; 34. a second hinge plate; 35. turning over a plate; 36. a limiting rod; 37. a limiting lug;

4. a drum; 41. a support ring; 42. a ring gear; 43. a filtration pore; 44. a first rib; 45. a second rib; 46. a filter tank;

5. a first feeding mechanism; 51. a first receiving hopper; 52. a locking plate; 521. a limiting hole; 53. a pin boss; 54. a pin shaft; 55. an anti-drop end head; 56. a spring;

6. a second feeding mechanism; 61. a first screen hopper; 62. a second screen hopper; 63. a second hoist; 64. a chain;

7. a material lifting device; 8. a ramp; 10. and (4) a pretreatment device.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-9.

The embodiment of the application discloses a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit includes the steps of:

step S1, construction preparation, namely dividing a construction site into a plurality of excavation areas, carrying out a bearing test on each excavation area, and determining the quantity of engineering equipment capable of excavating simultaneously; the load-bearing test mode is as follows: placing bearing plates at a plurality of point positions of corresponding areas, placing engineering equipment or materials with equal weight on the bearing plates, and determining the bearing capacity of a soil layer according to the sinking amplitude of the bearing plates after at least 48 hours, wherein the most basic bearing requirement is that the sinking amplitude is within 10 mm.

Step S2, performing first-layer excavation, namely determining the first-layer excavation depth of the area subjected to the bearing test, dividing the depth into a plurality of sub-excavation layers, performing second sub-excavation after the first sub-excavation layer excavation is completed, excavating, reserving a ramp 8 in the excavation process, reinforcing the ramp 8 by using a backing plate and a scaffold, and conveying excavated earthwork to a ground storage area by conveying equipment;

and S3, constructing a conveying channel, constructing material lifting equipment 7 from the first-layer tunnel to the ground, and placing at least one excavating device and at least one conveying device in the foundation pit excavated in the first layer, wherein the excavating device is an excavator, the conveying device is an earth moving vehicle, and the number ratio of the conveying device to the excavating device is 2: 1. The material lifting device 7 is a chain slat conveyor 31, the chain slat conveyor 31 is mounted on one side of the ramp 8 and is reinforced on the ramp 8, a hopper having a storage function is built at a conveying start point of the chain slat conveyor 31, and a groove is dug in advance when the chain slat conveyor 31 and the hopper are mounted, so that an opening of the hopper is as close to the ground as possible. And then carrying out a bearing test on the foundation pit excavated on the first layer.

Step S4, performing second-layer excavation, wherein the excavation mode is the same as that of the first-layer excavation, the conveying mode is different, the conveying mode adopts conveying equipment to convey earthwork to material conveying equipment, and then the earthwork is conveyed to a ground storage area through material lifting equipment 7;

and step S5, according to the step S2-4, deep excavation is carried out layer by layer to form a foundation pit.

S6, carrying out on-site pretreatment and transportation, placing pretreatment equipment 10 in a ground storage area corresponding to an excavation area, primarily screening a mixture of soil blocks and garbage excavated on site, wherein the screened mixture is divided into three grades, namely a large-particle-size stone, a paint bucket, a metal block and other large-particle-size sundries, and the size of the large particle is defined according to the actual construction requirement, and generally the particle size exceeds 10 cm; b. fine sand, loose soil, screws and other small-particle-size mixtures, wherein the small particle size generally means that the particle size is less than 2 cm; c. irregular mixtures of medium particle size between a and b or flakes, bars, etc.; and for the screened materials of the grades b and c, the screened materials are conveyed to a transfer site garbage temporary storage area by adopting a transport vehicle, the screened materials a are directly subjected to manual screening after being screened in the current treatment area, or a square is opened up on the spot, and the screened materials are conveyed to the square by the transport vehicle and then screened.

And step S7, feeding and screening, namely conveying the mixed garbage stored in the garbage temporary storage area of the transfer site to screening equipment of a garbage treatment station by using a loader for the screened objects c, pouring the mixed garbage into a chain plate type feeding system to convey and guide the mixed garbage, and conveying the mixed garbage to a manual sorting platform by using a belt conveyor.

And step S8, manual sorting, namely screening the waste electronic products, the waste lamp tubes and the waste daily chemicals mixed in the heavy objects on the conveyer belt through manual sorting and then carrying out magnetic separation.

And S9, magnetic separation, wherein the screened material b and the screened material c enter a magnetic separation channel respectively, and waste batteries and metal fragments in the screened material b and the screened material c are removed.

And S10, mixing the screened materials b and c after magnetic separation, screening out oversize materials and undersize materials from the mixed garbage through a drum screen, and conveying the oversize materials into air separation screening equipment to separate inorganic aggregate from light materials.

And S11, secondary fine screening, wherein undersize products generated by the primary coarse screening often contain small-sized plastics and inorganic aggregates, secondary fine screening is performed through a bounce sorting machine, small light materials in the undersize products generated by the coarse screening system are further screened into undersize products and oversize products, the undersize products mainly comprise humus soil, the oversize products mainly comprise small inorganic aggregates and small light materials, and the oversize products enter an air separation screening device for air separation.

And S12, winnowing, wherein oversize materials enter a winnowing bin of a winnowing machine through a conveyer belt, and the winnowing machine is used for sieving small inorganic aggregates and small light materials, wherein the conveyer belt for conveying the light materials is in a closed state, so that secondary pollution caused by dust flying and splashing is prevented.

Step S13, processing of screening materials; A. after the screened light objects are packaged by a packaging machine, the screened light objects are transported to a storage area stacking place by using loading equipment, are stacked orderly, are covered by using a cover net for preventing flying, are provided with corresponding fireproof measures, and are subsequently sent to a waste incineration power plant to realize continuous and stable incineration.

B. After separation treatment, the humus soil with the particle size smaller than 20mm is rapidly detected on site, the contaminated humus soil is repaired, the inorganic aggregate with the particle size larger than 20mm is temporarily stacked on site by using a transport tool, and the inorganic aggregate is cleaned to remove the contamination and then is recycled on site.

Referring to fig. 3, the pretreatment equipment comprises a frame 1 with traveling wheels, the frame 1 is sequentially provided with a feeding mechanism 3, a collecting hopper 2, a roller 4 and a first feeding mechanism 5 from the head to the tail, and different screening areas corresponding to the roller 4 on two sides of the frame 1 are respectively connected with a second feeding mechanism 6; when the automatic soil-blocking and garbage-screening machine is used, a mixture of soil blocks and garbage on the ground is lifted to the collecting hopper 2 through the feeding mechanism 3, the outlet of the collecting hopper 2 corresponds to the inlet of the roller 4, the mixture is gathered to the roller 4 to be rotationally screened, different blanking generated in different screening areas of the roller 4 is respectively sent out through the two feeding mechanisms, and large-particle-size sundries which are not screened out are sent out through the first feeding mechanism 5 at the outlet of the roller 4.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the feeding mechanism 3 includes a slat conveyor 31 and a feeding hopper 32, a first hinge plate 33 is hinged to both sides of the feeding hopper 32, a second hinge plate 34 is hinged to both sides of the slat conveyor 31, and the first hinge plate 33 and the second hinge plate 34 are hinged to each other and combined to a maximum length sufficient for the feeding hopper 32 to turn around the end of the slat conveyor 31. The periphery of the feed hopper 32 is hinged with a plurality of turning plates 35 surrounding the periphery of the feed hopper 32, the number of the turning plates 35 is three in the embodiment, the top surfaces of the plurality of turning plates 35 after being unfolded are fixed with limiting lugs 37, and the limiting lugs 37 of the adjacent turning plates 35 are provided with limiting rods 36 in a penetrating mode. When the chain plate conveyor 31 is used, a pit can be dug in the ground in advance, then the feed hopper 32 is arranged on the chain plate conveyor 31, the chain plate conveyor 31 is placed in the pit, the bottom of the turning plate 35 is supported on the ground, the outlet of the feed hopper 32 is opposite to the conveying surface of the chain plate conveyor 31, and the bottom of the chain plate conveyor 31 can be supported at the pit bottom of the pit by a frame body carried by the chain plate conveyor 31.

A bracket 11 is fixed at the top of the head of the frame 1, and two sides of one end of the chain plate conveyor 31 far away from the feed hopper 32 are hinged with the bracket 11, and the distance between the hinged point and the top of the frame 1 is enough to prevent the chain plate conveyor 31 from interfering in the process of turning over from the ground to the top of the frame 1. The top of frame 1 is equipped with two first pneumatic cylinders 12, two first hoists 13 and two first telescopic links 14 with hydraulic drive, and a first hoist 13, a first pneumatic cylinder 12 and a first telescopic link 14 are a set of, and two sets of being located the orbital both sides of chain slat conveyor 31 upset respectively. The first winch 13 is located on one side, far away from the support 11, of the first telescopic rod 14, the first telescopic rod 14 is vertically fixed to the rack 1, a pulley 15 is fixed to the top of the first telescopic rod, and a rope of the first winch 13 is fixed to the side wall of the chain plate type conveyor 31 by bypassing the pulley 15. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 12 is hinged to the top of the frame 1, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 12 is hinged to a sliding block 121, sliding rails 311 matched with the sliding block 121 and sliding are fixed on two sides of the chain plate type conveyor 31, and the first hydraulic cylinder 12 is closer to a turning path of the chain plate type conveyor 31 relative to the first telescopic rod 14 and the first winch 13. When the end of the slat conveyor 31 faces the ground, the first winch 13 is mainly used for overturning and lifting, when the slat conveyor 31 is in an upturning state above the horizontal level, the first winch 13 and the first hydraulic cylinder 12 are used for overturning and lifting under the combined action, and when the slat conveyor 31 is in a vertical state to an upturning state, the first hydraulic cylinder 12 can push the sliding block 121 to the end of the sliding rail 311 far away from the rack 1 and is supported by the first hydraulic cylinder 12 to descend.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a cavity for mounting the collecting hopper 2 and the drum 4 is provided at the inner side of the frame 1, a plurality of bases 16 are fixed in the cavity, in this embodiment, four bases 16 are distributed at two sides of the drum 4 as a group, and sheaves 17 are provided on the bases 16. At least two support rings 41 are distributed on the circumference of the roller 4 along the axial direction, in this embodiment, the support rings 41 are embedded in the wheel grooves of the sheave 17, and are rotatably supported by the sheave 17, and the roller 4 is slightly inclined with the end far away from the collecting hopper 2 as the lowest point, and the inclination of the roller 4 to the horizontal plane is generally 5 °. An annular gear ring 42 is fixed on the peripheral side wall of one end of the roller 4 close to the collecting hopper 2, a motor 18 is arranged at a corresponding position in the cavity of the frame 1, a gear 181 meshed with the gear ring 42 is fixed on an output shaft of the motor 18, and when the torque requirement is high, the motor 18 can be connected with the gear 181 through a speed reducer.

Referring to fig. 5 and 7, the drum 4 is divided into a first filtering area and a second filtering area sequentially from the position close to the collecting hopper 2 to the position far away from the collecting hopper 2, filtering holes 43 penetrate through the surface of the drum 4 in the first filtering area, and first ribs 44 distributed obliquely to the axis of the drum 4 are fixed on the inner wall; soil blocks entering the roller 4 are scattered by collision of the first convex ribs 44, the scattered soil and particles are filtered out of the filtering holes 43, a first screening hopper 61 fixed on the rack 1 is arranged below the first filtering area, and an outlet of the first screening hopper 61 is communicated to one of the second feeding mechanisms 6 positioned on the side wall of the rack 1.

The inner wall of the drum 4 in the second filtering area is alternately distributed with second ribs 45 and elongated filtering grooves 46 along the circumferential direction, the length direction of the second ribs 45 is parallel to the length direction of the filtering grooves 46, and the filtering grooves 46 penetrate through the side wall of the drum 4. The second filter tank 46 is used to filter out most of the clods and smaller volumes of waste, leaving only large volumes of waste and most of the lumpy stones. A second material receiving hopper 62 fixed on the frame 1 is arranged below the second filtering area, and the outlet of the second material receiving hopper 62 is communicated with the other second feeding mechanism 6 positioned on the side wall of the frame 1.

A first material receiving hopper 51 fixed on the frame 1 is arranged below one end of the roller 4 far away from the material collecting hopper 2, and the outlet of the first material receiving hopper 51 is communicated to the first feeding mechanism 5.

Referring to fig. 3 and 8, the first feeding mechanism 5 and the second feeding mechanism 6 are both belt conveyors and are hinged to the lower portion of the side surface of the frame 1, the frame 1 is provided with second winches 63 at positions corresponding to the first feeding mechanism 5 and the second feeding mechanism 6, for example, the first feeding mechanism 5, and the cables of the second winches 63 are fixed to the side walls of the first feeding mechanism 5.

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, a locking plate 52 is fixed on a side wall of the first feeding mechanism 5, a limiting hole 521 for the limiting lug 37 of the turnover plate 35 to pass through is formed in the locking plate 52, a pin seat 53 is formed in the locking plate 52, a pin 54 in insertion fit with the lug hole of the limiting lug 37 is formed in the pin seat 53, a guide inclined surface is formed on one side of the pin 54 facing the locking plate 52, and the limiting lug 37 firstly contacts with the guide inclined surface to extrude the pin 54 after passing through the lug hole. The pin shaft 54 is a stepped shaft, a small-diameter shaft part of the pin shaft 54 penetrates through the pin seat 53 and is welded with an anti-drop end head 55 at the end part, and a spring 56 is connected between the stepped end surface of the pin shaft 54 and the pin seat 53. During storage, the chain plate conveyor 31 is turned to the top of the rack 1, the feeding opening of the feeding hopper 32 faces the first feeding mechanism 5, the turning plate 35 is turned to two sides of the first feeding mechanism 5, the limiting lug 37 penetrates through the limiting hole 521, and the pin shaft 54 is extruded by the limiting lug 37 and is finally limited by the pin shaft 54.

Two sides of the second feeding mechanism 6 are provided with a chain 64, and the chain 64 is buckled on the chain plate type conveyor 31 which is turned over to the top of the frame 1.

After the earthwork and garbage mixture corresponding to one processing area is processed in step S1, the slat conveyor 31 may be turned over to the top of the frame 1 by the first winch 13 and the first hydraulic rod, and the top of the frame 1 may also have a supporting portion having the same height as the hinge point of the bracket 11. The first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism 6 are turned upwards to lean against the side wall of the frame 1 and are respectively fixed with the chain plate type conveyor 31. The head of the frame 1 is then assembled and docked with a working vehicle on site and then towed or pushed to another processing area. The assembly butt joint can adopt any butt joint mode among vehicles, such as traction belt buckling traction, pushing after forklift butt joint and the like.

After the pretreatment equipment reaches the position, the limitation of the chain 64 and the pin shaft 54 can be manually released, and the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism 6 are turned down to proper slopes through the second winch 63; the feeding mechanism 3 is turned outwards to a proper position by the cooperation of the first hydraulic cylinder 12 and the first winch 13.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, construction preparation, namely dividing a construction site into a plurality of excavation areas, carrying out a bearing test on each excavation area, and determining the quantity of engineering equipment capable of excavating simultaneously;

step S2, performing first-layer excavation, namely determining the first-layer excavation depth of the area subjected to the bearing test, dividing the depth into a plurality of sub-excavation layers, performing second sub-excavation after the first sub-excavation layer excavation is completed, excavating, reserving a ramp (8) in the excavation process, reinforcing the ramp (8) by using a backing plate and a scaffold, and conveying excavated earthwork to a ground storage area by conveying equipment;

s3, constructing a conveying channel, constructing material lifting equipment (7) from the first layer of underground tunnel to the ground, placing at least one excavating device and at least one conveying device in the first layer of excavated foundation pit, and performing a bearing test on the first layer of excavated foundation pit;

step S4, performing second-layer excavation, wherein the excavation mode is the same as that of the first-layer excavation, the conveying mode adopts conveying equipment to convey earthwork to material conveying equipment, and then the earthwork is conveyed to a ground storage area through material lifting equipment (7);

s5, according to the step S2-4, deeply excavating layer by layer to form a foundation pit;

s6, carrying out on-site pretreatment and transportation, placing pretreatment equipment (10) in a ground storage area corresponding to the excavation area, scattering and screening the mixture of the soil blocks and the garbage excavated on site, and screening out at least large-particle-size impurities with the particle size larger than 10 cm; conveying other garbage mixtures to a garbage temporary storage area of a transfer site;

the pretreatment equipment (10) comprises a rack (1) with traveling wheels, wherein a feeding mechanism (3) for lifting ground materials to the upper part of the rack (1), a collecting hopper (2) for receiving the materials of the feeding mechanism (3), a roller (4) for screening the materials and a first feeding mechanism (5) for feeding away the screened materials of the roller (4) are sequentially arranged on the rack (1) from the head part to the tail part, the outlet of the collecting hopper (2) is communicated to the inlet of the roller (4), and the outlet of the roller (4) corresponds to the first feeding mechanism (5); a second feeding mechanism (6) for feeding the undersize of the roller (4) is arranged on the side of the rack (1), a support (11) is fixed on the top of the rack (1), and the feeding mechanism (3) is hinged with the support (11) and can be turned up to the top of the rack (1);

the feeding mechanism (3) comprises a chain plate type conveyor (31) and a feeding hopper (32), wherein two sides of the feeding hopper (32) are hinged with a first hinged plate (33), two sides of the chain plate type conveyor (31) are hinged with a second hinged plate (34), and the first hinged plate (33) and the second hinged plate (34) are hinged with each other and have the maximum combined length enough to enable the feeding hopper (32) to roll over and bypass the end part of the chain plate type conveyor (31); a plurality of turning plates (35) surrounding the feeding hopper (32) are hinged on the periphery of the feeding hopper (32), when the feeding hopper is used, a pit is dug on the ground in advance, then the feeding hopper (32) is arranged on the chain plate conveyor (31) relatively, the chain plate conveyor (31) is placed in the pit, the bottoms of the turning plates (35) are supported on the ground, the outlet of the feeding hopper (32) is opposite to the conveying surface of the chain plate conveyor (31), a locking plate (52) is fixed on the side wall of the first feeding mechanism (5), limiting lugs (37) are fixed on the top surface of the plurality of turning plates (35) after being unfolded, limiting holes (521) for the limiting lugs (37) of the turning plates (35) to pass through are arranged on the locking plate (52), pin seats (53) are arranged on the locking plate (52), pin shafts (54) matched with the lug holes of the limiting lugs (37) in an inserting manner are arranged on the pin seats (53), and guide inclined surfaces are arranged on one sides of the pin shafts (54) facing the limiting lugs (37), the limiting lug (37) firstly contacts with the guide inclined plane to extrude the pin shaft (54) after penetrating through the limiting hole (521), the pin shaft (54) is a stepped shaft, the small-diameter shaft part of the pin shaft (54) penetrates through the pin seat (53) and is welded with an anti-dropping end head (55) at the end part, and a spring (56) is connected between the stepped end surface of the pin shaft (54) and the pin seat (53); during storage, the chain slat conveyor (31) is turned to the top of the rack (1), a feeding opening of the feeding hopper (32) faces the first feeding mechanism (5) and turns the turning plate (35) to two sides of the first feeding mechanism (5) to enable the limiting lugs (37) to penetrate through the limiting holes (521), and the limiting lugs (37) extrude the pin shafts (54) and are finally limited by the pin shafts (54);

step S7 and the following steps, conveying the garbage mixture in the temporary storage area to a screening device of a garbage treatment station for screening treatment; after the earthwork and garbage mixture corresponding to one processing area is processed in the step S1, the feeding mechanism (3) is turned to the top of the rack (1), and the top of the rack (1) is also provided with a supporting part with the same height as the hinged point of the bracket (11); the first feeding mechanism (5) and the second feeding mechanism (6) are turned upwards to lean against the side wall of the rack (1); then the head of the frame (1) is assembled and butted with a field engineering vehicle, and then the frame is pulled or pushed to another processing area.

2. The construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: the material lifting device (7) in the step S3 is a chain plate type conveyor (31), the chain plate type conveyor (31) is installed on one side of the ramp (8) and is reinforced on the ramp (8), a hopper with a storage function is built at the conveying starting point of the chain plate type conveyor (31), and a groove is dug in advance when the chain plate type conveyor (31) and the hopper are installed, so that the opening of the hopper is close to the ground as much as possible.

3. The construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: the number ratio of the carrying apparatus to the excavating apparatus in step S3 is 2: 1.

4. The construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: the load-bearing test mode of step S1 is: and placing bearing plates at a plurality of point positions of corresponding areas, placing engineering equipment or materials with equal weight on the bearing plates, and determining the bearing capacity of the soil layer according to the sinking amplitude of the bearing plates after at least 48 hours.

5. The construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: step S7 and the following steps include the steps of:

step S8, feeding and screening, namely pouring the garbage mixture into a chain plate type feeding system to convey and guide materials, and then conveying the materials to a manual sorting platform through a belt conveyor;

step S9, manual sorting, namely screening waste electronic products, waste lamp tubes and waste daily chemicals mixed in the heavy objects on the conveyer belt through manual sorting and then carrying out magnetic separation;

step S10, primary coarse screening, screening out oversize products and undersize products from the mixed garbage through a drum screen, and conveying the oversize products into air separation screening equipment for separating inorganic aggregate from light materials; the oversize and undersize of the drum sieve are respectively provided with a permanent magnet iron remover to recover small pieces of magnetic metal which are carried in the garbage and cannot be magnetically separated at the front end;

step S11, magnetic separation is carried out, and waste batteries and metal fragments in the waste batteries and the metal fragments are removed;

step S12, primary fine screening, namely screening out oversize products and undersize products from the mixed garbage through a drum screen, and conveying the oversize products into air separation screening equipment to separate inorganic aggregate from light matters;

step S13, secondary fine screening, namely, performing secondary fine screening through a bounce sorting machine, and further screening small light matters in undersize matters generated by a coarse screening system into undersize matters and oversize matters;

and S14, winnowing, wherein oversize materials enter a winnowing machine through a conveyer belt, and the winnowing machine is used for sieving small inorganic aggregates and small light inorganic aggregates.

6. The construction method for the earth excavation of the deep foundation pit according to claim 5, wherein: the mixture sieved in step S6 is divided into three grades: a. b, impurities with large particle size, and a mixture with small particle size; c. a mixture of intermediate particle sizes between a and b; for the screened materials of the grades b and c, conveying the screened materials to a temporary storage area of the garbage in a transfer site by adopting a transport vehicle, directly carrying out manual screening on the screened materials a after the screened materials are screened in the current pretreatment area or opening a square on the site, and carrying out screening after the screened materials a are conveyed to the square by the transport vehicle; for the sifted material c, the sifted material c is sifted in step S7, and the sifted material b is directly passed through a different channel to step S9, and then merged with the original sifted material c in step S9.

7. The construction method for earth excavation of a deep foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the rack (1) is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder (12), a first winch (13) and a first telescopic rod (14) driven by hydraulic pressure, the first winch (13) is located on one side, away from the support (11), of the first telescopic rod (14), the first telescopic rod (14) is vertically fixed to the rack (1), a pulley (15) is fixed to the top of the first winch (14), and a rope of the first winch (13) bypasses the pulley (15) and is fixed to the side wall of the chain plate type conveyor (31); the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder (12) is hinged to the top of the rack (1), a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (12) is hinged to a sliding block (121), sliding rails (311) matched with the sliding block (121) and sliding are fixed on two sides of the chain plate conveyor (31), and when the chain plate conveyor (31) is turned to be in a vertical state, the maximum length of the first hydraulic cylinder (12) is enough to push the sliding block (121) to the end, far away from the rack (1), of the sliding rail (311).

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