CN112522648A - Process method for improving heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Process method for improving heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN112522648A CN112522648A CN202011595291.5A CN202011595291A CN112522648A CN 112522648 A CN112522648 A CN 112522648A CN 202011595291 A CN202011595291 A CN 202011595291A CN 112522648 A CN112522648 A CN 112522648A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for improving heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining an aluminum alloy sample by vacuum die casting using a die casting machine; 2) carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sample obtained in the step 1), heating the aluminum alloy sample to 200-330 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and cooling to obtain a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy product. The invention discharges gas in molten metal through vacuum die casting, greatly reduces hollow holes in a die-cast product, carries out heat treatment on the die-cast product, eliminates the phenomena of lattice distortion, point defects, line defects and the like in the product, and improves the continuity in the product, thereby improving the heat conductivity of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die-casting aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a process method for improving the heat conductivity of a die-casting aluminum alloy.
Background
At present, the fields of 3C products, automotive communication electronics, and the like are under increasing pressure to reduce weight. Meanwhile, some parts often have higher requirements on the heat conductivity of materials (especially heat dissipation devices) so as to ensure and improve the service life and the working stability of products.
The aluminum alloy has good comprehensive performance, and has the advantages of small density, high strength, good electric and thermal conductivity, simple processing and the like, and better meets the requirements of product structure and heat dissipation, thereby being widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronics, communication and the like. The thermal conductivity of pure aluminum at room temperature is higher, about 238W/(m.K), the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is gradually reduced along with the increase of alloy elements, and the influence of different elements on the thermal conductivity of the alloy is greatly different. This is mainly determined by the free electron thermal conductivity mechanism of the metal, and the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys is related to the degree of lattice distortion, defects, impurities, phase composition and distribution in the structure.
Compared with other forming processes such as extrusion, forging, stamping and the like, the die-casting forming process has lower production cost, and as a high-speed and high-pressure near-net-shape forming process, the die-casting forming process has the characteristics of high production efficiency, high dimensional precision, excellent mechanical property, capability of forming thin-wall deep-cavity castings with complex shapes and clear outlines and the like, and is particularly suitable for integrated design and integrated forming of heat-conducting and heat-dissipating devices.
However, at present, the parts and components used in the die casting process for producing thin-wall housings in the fields of communication, electronics and traffic are mainly made of aluminum-silicon alloy containing iron element, corresponding to the european standard ENAC44300 die-casting aluminum alloy, which is a die-casting heat-conducting aluminum alloy widely used in commercial applications so far, the aluminum alloy obtained by the existing die-casting technology has certain defects in performance, the thermal conductivity is not high and is only 120-130W/(m · K), and the application of the alloy is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a process method for improving the heat conductivity of a die-casting aluminum alloy, so as to solve the problem that the heat conductivity of an aluminum alloy product obtained by the existing die-casting process is not high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process method for improving the heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining an aluminum alloy sample by vacuum die casting using a die casting machine;
2) carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sample obtained in the step 1), heating the aluminum alloy sample to 200-330 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and cooling to obtain a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy product.
Preferably, the vacuum degree in the step 1) is not more than 100 mba.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the step 2) is 240 ℃ to 280 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step 1) die casting process is 650-670 ℃.
Preferably, the die casting speed of the aluminum alloy sample in the step 1) is controlled as follows: the low speed is 0.18-0.23 m/s, and the high speed is 2.8-3.5 m/s.
Preferably, the casting specific pressure in the step 1) is 60-100 MPa, the cooling mold-retaining time of the casting is 8-12 s, and the die-casting cycle time is 38-45 s.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Si 10.5～13.5％
Fe 0.45～0.9％
cu is not more than 0.08%
Mn is not more than 0.55%
Zn is not more than 0.15 percent
Ti is not more than 0.15 percent
The sum of other impurity elements is less than 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
Preferably, the mass percentage of a single element in the impurity elements is less than 0.05%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention carries out die casting in a vacuum state, controls the vacuum degree below 100mba, discharges gas in molten metal, avoids gas remaining in the molten metal to form holes, greatly reduces the holes in the die-cast product, improves the continuity of a casting and also improves the heat conductivity of the product.
2. The invention carries out heat treatment on the die-cast product, eliminates the influence caused by shrinkage caused by high-speed and high-pressure forming in the product through the heat treatment, greatly reduces the defects of lattice distortion, point defect, line defect and the like in the product, improves the continuity in the product and further improves the heat conductivity of the product.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Process method for improving heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy
1) Aluminum alloy samples were obtained by vacuum die casting using a die casting machine. Wherein, the vacuum degree in the die-casting process is not more than 100mba, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the die-casting process is controlled to be 650-670 ℃, and the die-casting speed of the aluminum alloy sample is controlled as follows: the low speed is 0.18-0.23 m/s, and the high speed is 2.8-3.5 m/s. The casting specific pressure is 60-100 MPa, the cooling mold-remaining time of the casting is 8-12 s, and the die-casting cycle time is 38-45 s.
2) Carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sample obtained in the step 1), heating the aluminum alloy sample to 200-330 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and cooling to obtain a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy product. Wherein the heating temperature in the step 2) is preferably 240 ℃ to 280 ℃.
The heat treatment process is suitable for the AlSi12 (Fe) material, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Si 10.5～13.5％
Fe 0.45～0.9％
cu is not more than 0.08%
Mn is not more than 0.55%
Zn is not more than 0.15 percent
Ti is not more than 0.15 percent
The sum of other impurity elements is less than 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al. Wherein the mass percent of single element in the impurity elements is less than 0.05%.
In the research on the structure of the aluminum alloy after die-casting, it is found that because molten metal needs to be filled into a die cavity in a short time, most of gas in the die cavity can be discharged out of the die cavity, but holes still exist in the aluminum alloy obtained by die-casting, which is caused by the gas remained in the die cavity, the residual gas is finally compressed into the product together with the molten metal, and the gas in the product forms holes to influence the continuity of a casting and finally influence the thermal conductivity of the product, therefore, the invention carries out die-casting in a vacuum state, controls the vacuum degree below 100mba, can effectively reduce the gas remained in the product, greatly reduces the number of the holes in the product and improves the thermal conductivity of the product.
Besides the air holes generated inside the die-casting product, the die-casting product also has lattice distortion, point defects, line defects and the like, which are found to exist inside the product, because the molten metal is rapidly solidified from a liquid state to a solid state through the high-speed and high-pressure forming, and the shrinkage is accompanied in the process, so that the series of changes occur inside the product, the continuity inside the product is reduced, and the thermal conductivity is further reduced. Therefore, the product obtained after die casting is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 200-300 ℃, so that the problems of lattice distortion, point defects, line defects and the like in the die-cast product are solved, and the heat conductivity of the product is improved.
Second, examples and comparative examples
The AlSi12 (Fe) (ENAC 44300) material is adopted, and the specific chemical composition is as follows
10.5-13.5% of Si, 0.45-0.9% of Fe, not more than 0.08% of Cu, not more than 0.55% of Mn, not more than 0.15% of Zn, not more than 0.15% of Ti, less than 0.05% of other single elements, less than 0.25% of the total of other elements and the balance of Al.
The above-mentioned common die casting and vacuum die casting according to the invention:
the common die casting process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out die casting by using relevant equipment of a die casting machine, discharging gas in a die by utilizing the flowing of aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be 650-670 ℃ in the die casting process, and controlling the die casting speed of an aluminum alloy sample as follows: the low speed is 0.18-0.23 m/s, and the high speed is 3.1-3.8 m/s. The casting specific pressure is 70-100 MPa, the cooling mold-remaining time of the casting is 8-12 s, and the die-casting cycle time is 38-45 s.
The vacuum die-casting process comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy samples were obtained using a die casting machine and die casting under vacuum conditions. Wherein, the vacuum degree in the die-casting process is not more than 100mba, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the die-casting process is controlled to be 650-670 ℃, and the die-casting speed of the aluminum alloy sample is controlled as follows: the low speed is 0.18-0.23 m/s, and the high speed is 2.8-3.5 m/s. The casting specific pressure is 60-100 MPa, the cooling mold-remaining time of the casting is 8-12 s, and the die-casting cycle time is 38-45 s.
TABLE 1
From the above table, it can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the product can be effectively improved by vacuum die casting, and although the hardness is reduced, the yield strength, the tensile strength, the elongation and the thermal conductivity of the product are all improved.
The aluminum alloy example 1 obtained by vacuum die casting was subjected to heat treatment by the heat treatment process of the present invention.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the above table, the thermal conductivity of the product gradually increases with the temperature of the heat treatment process, but after the heat treatment temperature exceeds 300 ℃, the product starts to have new problems:
1) after the heat treatment temperature exceeds 300 ℃, the risk of bubbles in the die casting is caused, so that the qualification rate of the product is greatly reduced;
2) after the heat treatment temperature exceeds 300 ℃, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the product begin to be greatly reduced, so that the product is extremely easy to deform in the heat treatment process, and the final size of the product cannot be effectively ensured;
3) after the heat treatment temperature exceeds 300 ℃, the hardness of the product also decreases, so that the product is easy to deform due to collision in the process of carrying, and the torsion is insufficient to cause failure in the process of installing bolts by using threaded holes in application.
Therefore, the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy product is obtained by heating the product obtained by die casting to 240-280 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h and cooling, all indexes of the product subjected to heat treatment at the temperature can reach good balance, the product has high thermal conductivity and yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness meeting application requirements, and the problem that the existing die casting product cannot have the high thermal conductivity, the high yield strength, the high tensile strength, the high elongation and the high hardness at the same time is solved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A process method for improving the heat conductivity of die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) obtaining an aluminum alloy sample by vacuum die casting using a die casting machine;
2) carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sample obtained in the step 1), heating the aluminum alloy sample to 200-330 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and cooling to obtain a high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy product.
2. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree in the step 1) is not more than 100 mba.
3. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the step 2) is 240-280 ℃.
4. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step 1) of die-casting is 650-670 ℃.
5. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die-casting speed of the aluminum alloy sample in the step 1) is controlled as follows: the low speed is 0.18-0.23 m/s, and the high speed is 2.8-3.5 m/s.
6. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the casting specific pressure in the step 1) is 60-100 MPa, the cooling mold-holding time of the casting is 8-12 s, and the die-casting cycle time is 38-45 s.
7. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Si 10.5～13.5％
Fe 0.45～0.9％
cu is not more than 0.08%
Mn is not more than 0.55%
Zn is not more than 0.15 percent
Ti is not more than 0.15 percent
The sum of other impurity elements is less than 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
8. The process method for improving the thermal conductivity of the die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the mass percentage of single element in the impurity elements is less than 0.05%.
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