CN112497861A - 长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料 - Google Patents

长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料 Download PDF

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CN112497861A
CN112497861A CN202011505656.0A CN202011505656A CN112497861A CN 112497861 A CN112497861 A CN 112497861A CN 202011505656 A CN202011505656 A CN 202011505656A CN 112497861 A CN112497861 A CN 112497861A
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flame
solution
gel layer
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fabric
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刘家浩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料，其中包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间，可通过热熔胶复合的方式制备得到复合面料，本发明中阻燃面料是通过层层自组装法在棉织物表面处理后得到，可有效起到阻燃作用，凝胶层是通过利用氧化石墨烯的阻燃性能、电磁屏蔽性能制备得到石墨烯气凝胶，可有效起到阻燃、电磁屏蔽作用。本发明公开了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，工艺设计合理，操作简单，制备得到的复合面料为两层阻燃面料包裹凝胶层的结构，该复合面料具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能和电磁屏蔽性能，可广泛应用于多种领域，具有较高的实用性。

Description

长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料
技术领域
本发明涉及面料加工技术领域，具体是一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展和进步，纺织行业不断得到发展与壮大， 在纺织品中， 棉织物作为一种应用比较广泛的天然织物， 由于其自身的保温性、 超高透气性和舒适性等优点而备受消费者喜爱， 但是棉织物极易燃烧，在使用中稍有不慎就易发生火灾， 因此对于提高棉织物阻燃性能成为我们的研究热点。
现如今，阻燃棉织物的处理工艺较复杂，步骤繁多，而制备的棉织物的阻燃性能依旧无法满足我们的需求，且随着研究的深入，对于棉织物电磁屏蔽性能的提升，这也是我们所需要研发的方向之一。
针对该问题，我们设计了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，这是我们亟待解决的技术问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，以解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料，所述复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，所述凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；所述凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1。
本发明公开了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，其中包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间，可通过热熔胶复合的方式制备得到复合面料，本发明中阻燃面料是通过层层自组装法在棉织物表面处理后得到，可有效起到阻燃作用，凝胶层是通过利用氧化石墨烯的阻燃性能、电磁屏蔽性能制备得到石墨烯气凝胶，可有效起到阻燃、电磁屏蔽作用。
较优化的方案，所述凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液20-30份、棉绒40-50份、氧化石墨烯6-10份、吡咯14-18份、双氧水15-20份。
本发明中凝胶层包括预处理溶液、棉绒、氧化石墨烯等组分，由于氧化石墨烯表面以及边缘缺陷处具有丰富的官能团因此能产生极化作用，在化学还原后石墨烯的电导率以及片层结构得以恢复，可为电子提供了更多的传输路径，进而使复合材料具有优良的电磁屏蔽性能，因此本申请中通过氧化石墨烯、双氧水和吡咯，通过一步水热法制备出具有层次多孔结构的水凝胶，在水热反应的过程中，双氧水会刻蚀氧化石墨烯的表面，使其生成纳米级的孔道，同时吡咯可以诱导促使氧化石墨烯体积膨胀，从而得到一种具有层次多孔结构的石墨烯水凝胶，随后通过冷冻干燥得到具有多层次孔结构的石墨烯气凝胶；
当电磁波入射到石墨烯气凝胶的表面时，一小部分电磁波会被反射出来，而大部分电磁波会进入到气凝胶内部，进入到气凝胶内部的电磁波会在这种具有多层次孔结构的石墨烯间进行多重反射，进而大部分电磁波最后会被损耗掉，该石墨烯气凝胶可有效起到电磁屏蔽作用。
同时由于氧化石墨烯具有良好的阻隔效应和催化成碳能力，能够与纤维素相互缠绕形成三维网络结构，影响纤维素复合气凝胶的成核和冰晶生长，进一步丰富气凝胶表面的多孔结构，在复合面料燃烧时，氧化石墨烯的屏障和催化成炭作用，能够在凝胶层表面形成稳定的黑色炭层，凝胶层协同阻燃面料作用，极大程度的提高了复合面料的阻燃性能。
较优化的方案，所述阻燃面料由棉织物、改性纤维素溶液、植酸钠溶液、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液、壳聚糖溶液制备得到。
较优化的方案，所述改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素15-17份、木质素纤维2-4份、磷酸15-18份、氢氧化钠20-25份、无水乙醇20-30份。
较优化的方案，所述预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：（1.5-2）：（10-12）。
本发明中阻燃面料包括棉织物、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液等组分制备得到，处理过程中通过磷酸和木质素纤维制备改性纤维素溶液阴离子溶液，使用壳聚糖制备得到壳聚糖阳离子溶液，再利用层层自组装法将改性纤维素溶液阴离子溶液、壳聚糖阳离子溶液组装在棉纤维表面，形成稳定涂层；在在棉织物被点燃时，磷化纤维素热分解时会产生大量聚磷酸，可极大程度的促进棉织物表面的壳聚糖、棉织物脱水成炭，形成膨胀炭层，隔绝氧气和热量，从而阻止棉织物进一步被分解。
3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在酸性条件下易水解，并生成相应的硅醇缩合物的聚阳离子，可将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水解产物经层层自组装处理后紧密地结合在棉织物表面，提高棉织物的阻燃性能；植酸钠对金属阳离子具有较优异的螯合能力，能够与酸化后的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷结合，进一步在棉织物的表面形成稳定涂层；在棉织物被点燃时，由于植酸钠含有大量磷酸基团，可作为酸源，棉织物的纤维素可作为碳源，3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水解产物可作为气源，三者协同作用并形成膨胀炭层，有效阻止了棉织物与外界间的传质、传热，并且减少在棉织物的热降解过程中可燃性气体的释放，阻止棉织物燃烧，进一步提高面料的阻燃性能。
本发明中3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷水解产物、植酸钠协同在棉纤维表面交联成膜，可有效消除棉织物表面缺陷，减少应力集中，进一步提高阻燃面料的力学性能。
较优化的方案，一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料的加工工艺，所述复合面料的制备步骤包括：
(I)制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
(II) 取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，固化24-48h；
(III)将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤（II），得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料。
较优化的方案，所述阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
1)取尿素，在140-145℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌10-15min，再升温至150-155℃，反应5-5.5h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌10-15min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
2)取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至3-4，得到溶液B；
3)取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡30-40min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡10-15min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡30-35min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡5-8min，洗涤干燥；
4)步骤3）重复4-5次，得到阻燃面料。
较优化的方案，所述凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
a)取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合10-15min，再置于12-14℃下预冷冻30-40min，得到预处理溶液；
b)取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌5-8min，再通过剪切机剪切20-25min，得到物料C；
c)取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌20-30min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌10-15min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在180-185℃下反应6-6.5h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌10-20min，再置于去离子水中浸泡10-12h，浸泡后预冷24-26h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，得到凝胶层。
较优化的方案，步骤c）中，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃。
较优化的方案，步骤（II）中，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为6-8kPa，滚压温度为90-100℃
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明制备时，首先利用尿素、木质纤维素和磷酸制备得到磷化纤维素（改性纤维素溶液），将编制加工好的棉织物依次浸泡在壳聚糖溶液、改性纤维素溶液、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液和植酸钠溶液中，可利用层层自组装方法对棉织物进行表面处理，制备得到具有优异阻燃性能的阻燃面料；再利用双氧水、氧化石墨烯和吡咯等组分反应制备得到石墨烯气凝胶，该石墨烯气凝胶利用了氧化石墨烯具有的阻燃性能、电磁屏蔽性能，制备得到的凝胶层同样具有优异的阻燃、电磁屏蔽性能。
本发明公开了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，工艺设计合理，操作简单，制备得到的复合面料为两层阻燃面料包裹凝胶层的结构，该复合面料具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能和电磁屏蔽性能，可广泛应用于多种领域，具有较高的实用性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
S1：制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
S2：取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为6kPa，滚压温度为90℃，固化24h；
S3：将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤S2，得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料。
（1）阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：取尿素，在140℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌10min，再升温至150℃，反应5h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌10min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
S2：取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至3，得到溶液B；
S3：取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡30min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡10min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡30min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡5min，洗涤干燥；
S4：S3重复4次，得到阻燃面料。
（2）凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合10min，再置于12℃下预冷冻30min，得到预处理溶液；取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌5min，再通过剪切机剪切20min，得到物料C；
取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌20min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌10min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在180℃下反应6h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌10min，再置于去离子水中浸泡10h，浸泡后预冷24h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃，得到凝胶层。
本实施例中，复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1。
其中凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液20份、棉绒40份、氧化石墨烯6份、吡咯14份、双氧水15份。
改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素15份、木质素纤维2份、磷酸15份、氢氧化钠20份、无水乙醇20份。
预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：1.5：10。
实施例2：
S1：制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
S2：取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为7kPa，滚压温度为95℃，固化30h；
S3：将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤S2，得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料。
（1）阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：取尿素，在142℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌13min，再升温至151℃，反应5.2h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌13min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
S2：取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至3，得到溶液B；
S3：取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡34min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡12min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡33min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡6min，洗涤干燥；
S4：S3重复4次，得到阻燃面料。
（2）凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合12min，再置于13℃下预冷冻34min，得到预处理溶液；取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌6min，再通过剪切机剪切24min，得到物料C；
取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌25min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌12min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在182℃下反应6.2h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌12min，再置于去离子水中浸泡11h，浸泡后预冷25h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃，得到凝胶层。
本实施例中，复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1。
其中凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液23份、棉绒43份、氧化石墨烯8份、吡咯15份、双氧水17份。
改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素16份、木质素纤维3份、磷酸16份、氢氧化钠23份、无水乙醇24份。
预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：1.8：11。
实施例3：
S1：制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
S2：取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为7kPa，滚压温度为98℃，固化45h；
S3：将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤S2，得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料。
（1）阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：取尿素，在144℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌14min，再升温至153℃，反应5.3h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌14min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
S2：取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至4，得到溶液B；
S3：取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡38min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡14min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡34min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡7min，洗涤干燥；
S4：S3重复5次，得到阻燃面料。
（2）凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合14min，再置于13℃下预冷冻38min，得到预处理溶液；取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌7min，再通过剪切机剪切24min，得到物料C；
取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌28min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌14min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在184℃下反应6.3h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌18min，再置于去离子水中浸泡11h，浸泡后预冷25h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃，得到凝胶层。
本实施例中，复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1。
其中凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液28份、棉绒47份、氧化石墨烯9份、吡咯16份、双氧水19份。
改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素16份、木质素纤维3份、磷酸17份、氢氧化钠24份、无水乙醇28份。
预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：1.9：11。
实施例4：
S1：制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
S2：取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为8kPa，滚压温度为100℃，固化48h；
S3：将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤S2，得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料。
（1）阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：取尿素，在145℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌15min，再升温至155℃，反应5.5h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌15min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
S2：取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至4，得到溶液B；
S3：取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡40min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡15min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡35min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡8min，洗涤干燥；
S4：S3重复5次，得到阻燃面料。
（2）凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合15min，再置于14℃下预冷冻40min，得到预处理溶液；取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌8min，再通过剪切机剪切25min，得到物料C；
取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌30min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌15min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在185℃下反应6.5h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌20min，再置于去离子水中浸泡12h，浸泡后预冷26h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃，得到凝胶层。
本实施例中，复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1。
其中凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液30份、棉绒50份、氧化石墨烯10份、吡咯18份、双氧水20份。
改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素17份、木质素纤维4份、磷酸18份、氢氧化钠25份、无水乙醇30份。
预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：2：12。
实验1：垂直燃烧测试
分别取实施例1-4制备的复合面料，尺寸为300mm×80mm，采用垂直燃烧试验仪（CZF-2型）进行垂直燃烧试验，燃气是丙烷气体，参照GB/T5455-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直法》测定，试样放在温度为60℃的鼓风干燥机中烘30min。试验在20℃及相对湿度60%的大气中进行。点燃时间设定为5s，用数码相机记录整个燃烧过程。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
实验2：力学性能
分别取实施例1-4制备的复合面料，采用YG028型万能材料试验机，按照GB/T3923.1-1997的要求测定复合面料的抗拉断裂强力和断裂伸长率，其中复合面料样宽50mm，挟持长度200mm，预张力5N，点动速率100mm/min，试验速率100mm/min，每个样品分别做五次求平均值。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
实验3：电磁屏蔽
分别取实施例1-4制备的复合面料，对面料样品进行电磁屏蔽测试，测试波段为8.2-12.4GHz，得到以下结果：
实施例1的电磁波的电磁屏蔽效率为53dB，实施例2的电磁波的电磁屏蔽效率为51dB，实施例3的电磁波的电磁屏蔽效率为52dB，实施例4的电磁波的电磁屏蔽效率为49dB。
结论：本发明公开了一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料及其加工工艺，制备得到的复合面料为两层阻燃面料包裹凝胶层的结构，该复合面料具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能和电磁屏蔽性能，可广泛应用于多种领域，具有较高的实用性。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。

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1.一种长效阻燃防刺穿防辐射复合面料，其特征在于：所述复合面料包括两层阻燃面料和凝胶层，凝胶层位于两层阻燃面料之间；凝胶层、阻燃面料的厚度为2：1；
所述凝胶层各组分原料包括：以重量计，预处理溶液28份、棉绒47份、氧化石墨烯9份、吡咯16份、双氧水19份。
所述阻燃面料由棉织物、改性纤维素溶液、植酸钠溶液、3- 氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液、壳聚糖溶液制备得到；
所述改性纤维素溶液各组分原料包括：以重量计，尿素16份、木质素纤维3份、磷酸17份、氢氧化钠24份、无水乙醇28份。
所述预处理溶液包括氢氧化钠、尿素和水，所述氢氧化钠、尿素和水的体积比为1：1.9：11；
所述复合面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：制备阻燃面料和凝胶层，备用；
S2：取凝胶层，平铺在点胶机上，凝胶层上表面通过点胶辊进行阻燃热熔胶点胶，再将阻燃面料铺设在凝胶层上，压力辊滚压，压力辊滚压时滚压压力为7kPa，滚压温度为98℃，固化45h；
S3：将凝胶层翻面，平铺，重复步骤S2，得到自下而上为阻燃面料、凝胶层、阻燃面料的复合面料；
所述阻燃面料的制备步骤包括：
S1：取尿素，在144℃下搅拌至尿素呈熔融态，再依次加入木质素纤维、磷酸，搅拌14min，再升温至153℃，反应5.3h，收集固体物料并置于氢氧化钠溶液中，搅拌14min，加入无水乙醇，过滤浓缩，得到改性纤维素溶液；
S2：取壳聚糖溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至5，得到溶液A；取3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液，浓硫酸调节pH至4，得到溶液B；
S3：取棉面料和溶液A，将棉面料置于溶液A中，浸泡38min，洗涤干燥，再置于改性纤维素溶液中，浸泡14min，洗涤干燥，再置于溶液B中，浸泡34min，洗涤干燥，再置于植酸钠溶液中，浸泡7min，洗涤干燥；
S4：S3重复5次，得到阻燃面料；
所述凝胶层的制备步骤包括：
取氢氧化钠、尿素和水，搅拌混合14min，再置于13℃下预冷冻38min，得到预处理溶液；取棉绒，撕成蓬松状态，置于预处理溶液中，搅拌7min，再通过剪切机剪切24min，得到物料C；
取氧化石墨烯和吡咯，混合搅拌28min，再加入双氧水，继续搅拌14min，搅拌后置于反应釜中，在184℃下反应6.3h，反应后再加入物料C，搅拌18min，再置于去离子水中浸泡11h，浸泡后预冷25h，置于真空干燥箱中干燥48h，真空干燥箱的干燥温度为-50℃，得到凝胶层。
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