CN112492938B - Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof - Google Patents
Self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112492938B CN112492938B CN202011360837.9A CN202011360837A CN112492938B CN 112492938 B CN112492938 B CN 112492938B CN 202011360837 A CN202011360837 A CN 202011360837A CN 112492938 B CN112492938 B CN 112492938B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/06—Fertiliser distributors with distributing slots, e.g. adjustable openings for dosing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
- A01B51/02—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus propelled by a motor
- A01B51/026—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus propelled by a motor of the automotive vehicle type, e.g. including driver accommodation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
- A01C19/02—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders by a motor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
- A01C19/04—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders by a ground-engaging wheel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof. According to the fertilizer applicator, the walking chassis walks in a crop forest, and in the walking process of the walking chassis, the ditching and fertilizing device ditches soil below and puts in fertilizer, so that fertilizing operation is realized, and moreover, as the ditching and fertilizing device is arranged on the side of the advancing direction of the walking chassis, ditching and fertilizing can be directly carried out below trees such as mulberry, fruit, tea and the like, and a good fertilizing effect is ensured; furthermore, the compaction of the walking chassis to the fertilization earthing is avoided, and the fertilization quality is further ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a self-propelled side fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof.
Background
Fertilization is a link with high labor intensity in the agricultural production process and is also an important factor influencing the yield and quality of crops. Due to the narrow operating environment of cash crops such as mulberry, fruit, tea gardens and the like, large and medium-sized fertilizing machines are difficult to operate, most of the fertilizing machines are required to be applied to the positions close to the tree trunks, most of the fertilizing machines on the market are centrally arranged, the fertilizer is difficult to be applied to the proper positions at many times, and the related agricultural requirements of fertilization cannot be met; moreover, cash crops such as mulberry, fruit, tea garden and the like are usually on mountainous area slopes, the traveling road condition of the fertilizer applicator is complicated, and the fertilizer applicator cannot normally travel due to factors such as overlarge slope and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems that most of the existing fertilizer applicators in the prior art are centrally arranged, fertilizer is difficult to apply to the position close to a trunk, and the related agronomic requirements of fertilizer application of economic crops such as mulberries, fruits, tea and the like cannot be met, a self-propelled side-position fertilizer applicator and a working method thereof are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator comprises a walking chassis, wherein a power device and a rack are arranged on the walking chassis, a ditching and fertilizing device in transmission connection with the power device is further arranged on the rack, the ditching and fertilizing device is used for digging soil to form a ditch and applying fertilizer to the ditch, and the ditching and fertilizing device is arranged on the side of the advancing direction of the walking chassis.
As a preferable technical scheme, the vertical height of the ditching and fertilizing device is adjustable.
As a preferred technical scheme, the ditching and fertilizing device is respectively arranged on two sides of the traveling direction of the traveling chassis.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the machine frame is provided with a fertilizer storage device, a transmission device, a ditching and fertilizing device and a soil covering device, each ditching and fertilizing device is correspondingly connected with one soil covering device, the power device is connected with the transmission device, the transmission device is connected with the ditching and fertilizing device, the fertilizer storage device is communicated with the ditching and fertilizing device, the power device is used for driving the walking chassis and driving the ditching and fertilizing device to enter soil through the transmission device, the soil covering device is used for backfilling floating soil planed by the ditching and fertilizing device, and the fertilizer storage device is used for conveying fertilizer to the ditching and fertilizing device.
By adopting the ditching and fertilizing machine, soil digging operation can be carried out near the root area of economic crops such as mulberries, fruits, tea and the like through the ditching and fertilizing device, fertilizer is conveyed to the ditching and fertilizing device through the fertilizer storage device and then applied to the excavated soil ditch, and excavated floating soil is backfilled through the soil covering device, so that efficient and high-quality fertilizing operation can be carried out in a narrow economic crop planting area, and related agricultural requirements of economic crop fertilization are met.
Preferably, the transmission device comprises a speed reducer, a centrifugal belt pulley and a bevel gear set, an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the centrifugal belt pulley, an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the bevel gear set, and the centrifugal belt pulley is connected with the power device output shaft through a belt.
Further preferably, transmission still includes rotation axle sleeve, axis of rotation, support bearing frame and hydraulic push rod, it locates to rotate the axle sleeve cover outside the axis of rotation, the support bearing frame is located in the frame, it passes to rotate the axle sleeve support the bearing frame, the one end of rotating the axle sleeve with retarder connection just can rotate, the other end with bevel gear set's shell body fixed connection, the one end of axis of rotation is connected the reduction gear, the other end are connected bevel gear set, hydraulic push rod one end is connected the frame, the other end is connected rotate the axle sleeve, hydraulic push rod's flexible can drive rotate the axle sleeve and rotate.
Preferably, the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a vertical shaft and a spiral furrow opener, wherein one end of the vertical shaft is connected with the transmission device, and the other end of the vertical shaft is connected with the spiral furrow opener.
Further preferably, the spiral furrow opener comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, the vertical shaft comprises a transmission shaft and a sleeve sleeved outside the transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is connected with the bevel gear set, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener, and the sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer shell of the bevel gear set.
Further preferably, ditching fertilizer injection unit still includes the mounting panel, the mounting panel connect in the sleeve, the earthing device connect in the mounting panel, the earthing device with be equipped with the fertilizer pipe between the spiral furrow opener, the fertilizer pipe can dismantle connect in on the mounting panel, the fertilizer pipe is close to spiral furrow opener one side is connected with clear furrow plough, the mounting panel can be dismantled and be connected with and keep off the native guide plate, it is located to keep off the native guide plate the fertilizer pipe with the spiral furrow opener is close to one side on walking chassis, clear furrow plough is used for ensuring that the soil slick does not pile up the jam the fertilizer pipe.
Further preferably, the earthing device includes the earthing plate, earthing plate top articulate in the mounting panel, articulated department is equipped with the jump ring, the both ends of jump ring are fixed respectively the mounting panel with on the earthing plate, the earthing plate is overcome when meetting great resistance jump ring elasticity is lifted up, avoids the earthing plate damages, the jump ring makes the earthing plate resets.
Preferably, store up fertile device and include fertile case and electronic fertilizer apparatus, electronic fertilizer apparatus connect in fertile bottom of the case portion, electronic fertilizer apparatus intercommunication ditching fertilizer injection unit, electronic fertilizer apparatus be used for with fertilizer is carried to in the fertile case ditching fertilizer injection unit.
Preferably, the power device comprises an oil-fired machine and a gearbox, the oil-fired machine is connected with the gearbox and the transmission device, and the gearbox is connected with power wheels of the walking chassis.
Further preferably, the walking chassis is a crawler-type chassis.
Preferably, the spiral furrow opener comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade arranged on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the transmission shaft. When the ditching machine is used, the gears in the bevel gear sets drive the transmission shafts to rotate, the transmission shafts drive the rotating shafts to rotate, and then the rotation of the spiral blades is achieved, the rotation direction of the spiral blades is the direction of lifting soil bodies upwards, and the ditching action is achieved.
As a preferable technical scheme, a reversing mechanism is further arranged between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer, the reversing mechanism is used for switching the rotating direction of the rotating shaft, and the reversing mechanism is in communication connection or electric connection with the console. The steering of the rotating shaft is controlled through the control console, and further the steering of the helical blade is controlled.
Preferably, the advancing side of the walking chassis is a advancing side, the backing side of the walking chassis is a backing side, the fertilizer storage device is arranged on the rack and close to the advancing side, the fuel oil engine is arranged on the side close to the backing side, the bevel gear set is arranged on the side close to the advancing side, and the vertical shaft is obliquely arranged so that the lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener inclines towards the backing side.
Preferably, the hydraulic push rod pushes the rotary shaft sleeve to rotate, and when the rotary shaft sleeve drives the spiral furrow opener to rotate, a rotary track exists at the lower end of a rotary shaft of the spiral furrow opener, and at least one position exists on the rotary track, so that the lower end of the rotary shaft is positioned below the fuel engine.
Preferably, the hydraulic push rod pushes the rotary shaft sleeve to rotate, and when the rotary shaft sleeve drives the spiral furrow opener to rotate, a rotary track is arranged at the lower end of a rotary shaft of the spiral furrow opener, and at least one position is arranged on the rotary track, so that the spiral blade is positioned below the fuel engine.
As a further preferable scheme, the two rotating shaft sleeves are separated from each other, so that the rotating shaft sleeves are independently controlled by the corresponding hydraulic push rods.
As a preferable mode, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually decreased in a direction from bottom to top along the rotation axis.
As another preferable mode, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually decreased in a direction from top to bottom along the rotation axis.
The application also discloses a working method of the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
step one, positioning a fertilizer applicator: the hydraulic push rod is contracted to drive the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate, so that the lower end of the ditching and fertilizing device is separated from the ground and moves to a working position through the traveling chassis;
step two, debugging: when the fertilizer applicator travels to a working position, the hydraulic push rod is controlled to push the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate so as to drive the spiral furrow opener to dig into the soil, and when the digging depth of the spiral furrow opener reaches the requirement of the ditching depth, the hydraulic push rod is locked, and the electric fertilizer distributor is debugged so that the fertilizer speed discharged by the fertilizer distributing pipe reaches the requirement of fertilizer application;
step three, ditching and fertilizing: starting the fuel oil engine, enabling the walking chassis to move along a planned path, transmitting part of power to the gearbox through a belt and further transmitting the power to the walking chassis, and controlling the walking motion of the walking chassis through the control console; part of power is transmitted to the speed reducer and drives the spiral furrow opener to rotate through the bevel gear set, the electric fertilizer distributor is started, fertilizer falls into a ditch through the fertilizer distributor, the soil covering plate scrapes floating soil on the edge of the ditch into the ditch along with the forward movement of the walking chassis to complete soil covering operation, and the clamp spring ensures that the soil covering plate overcomes the elastic force of the clamp spring to lift when meeting large resistance, so that the soil covering plate is prevented from being damaged; when the operation is finished, the hydraulic push rod is controlled to pull the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate, and the spiral furrow opener leaves the soil, so that the ditching and fertilizing device is in a non-working position;
step four, returning to the field: after the fertilization work is finished, the fertilizer applicator returns to the placement site in a mode of walking on the fertilizer applicator chassis and/or mechanical transportation, and the next fertilization work is waited after the fertilizer applicator is cleaned and maintained.
According to the working method of the fertilizer applicator, the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator is adopted, so that a good fertilizer application effect can be realized, the rolling times of a soil body can be reduced, and the influence on the growth of crops caused by compaction of the soil body by the fertilizer applicator is avoided; particularly, fertilizer is put in after ditching, and soil is immediately covered, so that the moisture damage of soil can be greatly reduced, and the follow-up operation can be conveniently carried out;
the ditching and fertilizing depth of the two sides can be conveniently controlled, and the ditching and fertilizing depth is consistent in the ditching process.
Preferably, in the first step, the third step and/or the fourth step, when the fertilizer applicator is difficult to advance due to road conditions in the path of the fertilizer applicator moving to the working position, the position and/or the action of the spiral furrow opener are/is adjusted to enable the spiral furrow opener to provide auxiliary power to assist the fertilizer applicator to get rid of the trouble; when the fertilizer applicator is trapped and difficult to get rid of difficulties, the helical blades are controlled to rotate reversely, soil bodies below the blades are gradually compacted, upward pushing force to the blades is increased, and the fertilizer applicator is made to get rid of difficulties.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the fertilizer applicator, the walking chassis walks in a crop forest, and in the walking process of the walking chassis, the ditching and fertilizing device ditches soil below and puts in fertilizer, so that fertilizing operation is realized, and moreover, as the ditching and fertilizing device is arranged on the side of the advancing direction of the walking chassis, ditching and fertilizing can be directly carried out below trees such as mulberry, fruit, tea and the like, and a good fertilizing effect is ensured; furthermore, the compaction of the walking chassis to the fertilization earthing soil is avoided, and the fertilization quality is further ensured;
the ditching and fertilizing machine has the advantages that soil digging operation can be carried out near root areas of economic crops such as mulberries, fruits and tea through the ditching and fertilizing device, fertilizers are conveyed to the ditching and fertilizing device through the fertilizer storage device and then applied to the ditched soil ditches, and the dug floating soil is backfilled through the soil covering device, so that efficient and high-quality fertilizing operation can be carried out in a narrow economic crop planting area, relevant agricultural requirements of economic crop fertilization are met, and the ditching and fertilizing machine is simple in structure, convenient to use and good in effect;
in the scheme of the application, the vertical shaft is obliquely arranged, so that the lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener inclines towards the backward side, the field is usually uneven, hard and soft soil is alternated, local hard soil blocks are usually raised or local depressions exist, the traditional furrow opener is easy to jack up when the furrow opener touches the hard soil blocks on a traveling path, and when the furrow opener travels to the local depressions, the furrow opener sinks under the self-weight action of ditching equipment, so that the current ditching device usually has the problem of inconsistent ditching depth and is not beneficial to ditching and fertilizing effects, particularly for mountainous and hilly areas, the hardness of soil is more various, and the problem of inconsistent ditching depth is further accelerated, therefore, in the application, a crawler-type traveling chassis is adopted, when the spiral furrow opener touches the local depressions or the soft soil, a crawler has a certain length, the support can be formed, and the sinking of the spiral furrow opener is avoided or the sinking amplitude of the spiral furrow opener is reduced, so that the consistency of the ditching depth is improved, and the fertilizing effect is further improved;
furthermore, in mountainous and hilly areas, most orchard tea gardens are on slopes, although the crawler-type chassis in the shape has good terrain adaptability, the advancing of the orchard tea gardens is still limited due to the problems of large gradient, deep ditches and the like, in the scheme of the application, the heavy fuel engine is arranged on one side close to the backward side, so that the advancing side can cross the ditches and the large gradient, and the terrain adaptability of the fertilizer applicator is improved;
particularly, in the scheme of the application, as the fertilizer applicator arranges heavy components such as the fuel engine, the gearbox and the console on the reverse side, the fertilizer box is arranged on the forward side, whether the fertilizer is loaded in the fertilizer box can be selected according to the road condition on a road running to an operation field, if the road condition is good, the fertilizer is placed in the fertilizer box, the carrying difficulty is reduced sequentially, the road intersection is not good, and when the gradient is large, the no-load mode of the fertilizer box is selected, so that the forward side of the fertilizer applicator is lighter and the reverse side of the fertilizer applicator is heavier, thereby improving the road adaptability of the fertilizer applicator;
furthermore, in the scheme of the application, the vertical shaft is obliquely arranged, so that the lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener inclines towards the reverse side, the position of a soil body excavated by the spiral blade is positioned at one side of the fertilizer applicator close to the reverse side, and the weight of the side fertilizer applicator can improve larger pressure, so that the fertilizer applicator has better stability;
on this basis, furtherly, the vertical scroll slope sets up, makes the pivot lower extreme of spiral furrow opener move back the side slope, when going to the slope or the bank of ditch that the fertilizer distributor is difficult to the climbing, can touch to earth through adjustment spiral furrow opener pivot lower extreme, the reversal the pivot makes helical blade antiport to this provides supplementary thrust, and supplementary fertilizer distributor is got rid of poverty, so, the road conditions environment and the suitable ability of operational environment of this application fertilizer distributor of great improvement. It should be noted that, in the present application, under the working condition of ditching and fertilizing of the fertilizer applicator, the rotation direction of the rotating shaft is forward rotation, and the rotation direction opposite to the forward rotation is reverse rotation, and the rotation direction is realized by a reversing mechanism arranged between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the reducer;
when the lower end of the rotating shaft is positioned below the fuel oil engine and the traveling device with a large gradient is difficult to advance or climb over, the ground surface at the lower end of the rotating shaft can support the backward side of the fertilizer applicator by rotating the rotating shaft, so that the center of gravity of the fertilizer applicator is moved upwards, the escaping capability is improved, the advancing stability of the spiral furrow opener is greatly improved under the weight pressure of the fuel oil engine, the consistency of the furrowing depth is improved, and the good fertilizing effect is ensured;
according to the scheme of the application, the two rotary shaft sleeves can be independently controlled, firstly, when a sloping field is subjected to ditching and fertilizing, when one side of a fertilizing advancing line of the fertilizer applicator is higher and the other side of the fertilizing advancing line is lower, a deeper fertilizing ditch can be formed on the lower side of the fertilizing advancing line, and a shallower fertilizing ditch is formed on the higher side of the fertilizing advancing line, so that the ditching depth of the two spiral ditchers can be independently adjusted, and on one hand, the proper ditching depth of the two sides of the spiral ditchers can be ensured; furthermore, when the fertilizer applicator needs to get rid of difficulties due to road conditions and environments, the two spiral furrow openers can be independently controlled to form more action combinations, so that the difficulty getting capability of the fertilizer applicator is further improved;
in arid regions, the covering soil is dry, the screw pitch of the helical blade is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the covering soil is extruded by the helical blade while being lifted in the ditching process, so that the lifting height of the covering soil is reduced, and the evacuation degree of the lifted covering soil is also reduced, thereby greatly reducing the dust raising, improving the air quality of the operation environment, reducing the environmental pollution and being beneficial to environmental protection;
in regions with wet climate, the covering soil is wet, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and in the ditching process, the pitch of the upper part is increased while the covering soil is lifted, so that extrusion hardening of the soil body is avoided, the soil body is facilitated to fall from the blade, and the risk that the groove of the helical blade is blocked is reduced; further, on comparatively extreme road conditions that easily sink into, when the fertilizer distributor excessively sinks into appearing, control helical blade reversal, helical blade's pitch reduces gradually from bottom to top, and the soil body on the blade is along with the rotatory downstream of blade, and it is inseparable to be compacted gradually at this in-process soil body, also makes the soil body of blade below compacted gradually, so, further increase the thrust of upwards pushing to the blade, and then upwards pushes away the fertilizer distributor, makes the fertilizer distributor get rid of poverty, so, by a wide margin the ability of getting rid of poverty of fertilizer distributor has been increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of one embodiment of the fertilizer applicator of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission device of one embodiment of the fertilizer applicator of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a ditching and fertilizing device and a soil covering device of one embodiment of the fertilizer applicator.
The labels in the figure are: 1-a walking chassis, 2-a gearbox, 3-a console, 4-an oil burner, 5-a fertilizer box, 6-a speed reducer, 7-an electric fertilizer apparatus, 8-a bevel gear set, 9-a hydraulic push rod, 10-a rack, 11-a vertical shaft, 12-an earthing device, 13-a ditching and fertilizing device, 14-a rotating shaft sleeve, 15-a supporting bearing seat, 16-a limiting device, 17-a centrifugal belt pulley, 18-a ditch clearing plough, 19-a fertilizer pipe, 20-an earthing plate, 21-a soil-retaining guide plate, 22-a snap spring, 23-a mounting plate, 24-a spiral furrow opener, 25-a rotating shaft and 26-a spiral blade.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in the figures 1-4 of the drawings,
a self-propelled side position fertilizer applicator comprises a walking chassis 1, wherein a power device and a rack 10 are arranged on the walking chassis 1, a ditching and fertilizing device 13 in transmission connection with the power device is further arranged on the rack 10, the ditching and fertilizing device 13 is used for digging soil into a ditch and applying fertilizer to the ditch, and the ditching and fertilizing device 13 is arranged on the side of the advancing direction of the walking chassis 1. In the scheme of the application, the walking chassis 1 walks in a crop forest, and in the walking process of the walking chassis 1, the ditching and fertilizing device 13 ditches soil below and puts in fertilizer, so that fertilizing operation is realized, and moreover, as the ditching and fertilizing device 13 is arranged on the side of the walking chassis 1 in the advancing direction, ditching and fertilizing can be directly conducted below trees such as mulberry, fruits, tea and the like, so that a good fertilizing effect is ensured; furthermore, the compaction of the walking chassis 1 on the fertilization and earthing soil is avoided, and the fertilization quality is further ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned mode, the vertical height of the ditching and fertilizing device 13 is further adjustable. The fertilizing depth can be adjusted according to the actual environment, and when the walking chassis 1 is trapped, various forms of auxiliary supports can be conveniently provided to assist the fertilizer applicator in getting rid of the trapping.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-described embodiment, one ditching and fertilizing apparatus 13 is provided on each of both sides of the traveling chassis 1 in the traveling direction. The distance between two ditching fertilizer injection unit 13 matches with the forest row spacing, so, fertilizes simultaneously two lines of trees, by a wide margin improvement fertilization efficiency, also reduced running gear to rolling of the soil body, do benefit to and ensure that the soil texture is soft.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above-mentioned mode, a fertilizer storage device, a transmission device, ditching and fertilizing devices 13 and a soil covering device 12 are further arranged on the machine frame 10, each ditching and fertilizing device 13 is correspondingly connected with one soil covering device 12, the power device is connected with the transmission device, the transmission device is connected with the ditching and fertilizing devices 13, the fertilizer storage device is communicated with the ditching and fertilizing devices 13, the power device is used for driving the traveling chassis 1 and driving the ditching and fertilizing devices 13 to enter soil through the transmission device, the soil covering device 12 is used for backfilling the floating soil planed by the ditching and fertilizing devices 13, and the fertilizer storage device is used for conveying fertilizer to the ditching and fertilizing devices 13.
By adopting the fertilizer applicator, the ditching and fertilizing device 13 can dig soil near the root area of economic crops such as mulberry, fruit, tea and the like, the fertilizer storage device can convey fertilizer to the ditching and fertilizing device 13 to apply the fertilizer to the excavated soil ditch, and the soil covering device 12 can backfill the excavated floating soil, so that the fertilizer applicator can perform efficient and high-quality fertilization operation in a narrow economic crop planting area, and meet the related agronomic requirements of economic crop fertilization.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above, the transmission device further includes a speed reducer 6, a centrifugal pulley 17, and a bevel gear set 8, an input shaft of the speed reducer 6 is connected to the centrifugal pulley 17, an output shaft of the speed reducer 6 is connected to the bevel gear set 8, and the centrifugal pulley 17 is connected to the power unit output shaft through a belt.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above mode, further, the transmission device further includes a rotating shaft sleeve 14, a rotating shaft, a supporting bearing seat 15 and a hydraulic push rod 9, the rotating shaft sleeve 14 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the supporting bearing seat 15 is disposed on the frame 10, the rotating shaft sleeve 14 passes through the supporting bearing seat 15, one end of the rotating shaft sleeve 14 is connected with the speed reducer 6 and can rotate, the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the outer shell of the bevel gear set 8, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with the speed reducer 6, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the bevel gear set 8, one end of the hydraulic push rod 9 is connected with the frame 10, the other end of the hydraulic push rod is connected with the rotating shaft sleeve 14, and the hydraulic push rod 9 can stretch to drive the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate.
In the scheme of the application, the walking chassis 1 is a crawler-type chassis, the power device comprises an oil-fired machine 4 and a gearbox 2, the oil-fired machine 4, the gearbox 2 and the rack 10 are fixedly mounted on the walking chassis 1 through bolt and nut components respectively, the walking chassis 1 is also fixedly connected with a console 3, the oil-fired machine 4 is connected with the gearbox 2 and the transmission device respectively, and the gearbox 2 is connected with power wheels of the walking chassis 1; in this embodiment, the oil engine 4 is a 192F diesel engine, two sides of the traveling chassis 1 are respectively provided with one ditching and fertilizing device 13, each ditching and fertilizing device 13 is correspondingly connected with one soil covering device 12, the transmission device includes a speed reducer 6, a centrifugal belt pulley 17, a bevel gear set 8, a rotating shaft sleeve 14, a rotating shaft, a supporting bearing seat 15 and a hydraulic push rod 9, an input shaft of the speed reducer 6 is fixedly connected with the centrifugal belt pulley 17 through a rectangular key, as shown in fig. 1, the centrifugal belt pulley 17 is connected with an output shaft of the oil engine 4 through a belt, the rotating shaft sleeve 14 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the supporting bearing seat 15 is arranged on the rack 10, the rotating shaft sleeve 14 penetrates through the supporting bearing seat 15, one end of the rotating shaft sleeve 14 is connected with the speed reducer 6 through a bearing and a flange plate and can rotate, The other end with bevel gear set 8's shell body passes through flange fixed connection, the one end of axis of rotation is through rectangle key fixed connection 6 output shaft of reduction gear, the other end pass through rectangle key fixed connection bevel gear set 8's internal gear, still be equipped with two stop device 16 in the frame 10, stop device 16 is located both sides around the reduction gear 6 are used for adjusting reduction gear 6 is in mounted position in the frame 10, as shown in fig. 1, hydraulic push rod 9 one end is connected frame 10, the other end is connected rotate axle sleeve 14, hydraulic push rod 9's flexible can drive rotate axle sleeve 14 rotates.
The ditching and fertilizing device 13 is used for digging soil to form a ditch and fertilizing the ditch, the ditching and fertilizing device 13 comprises a vertical shaft 11, a spiral ditcher 24 and a mounting plate 23, the vertical shaft 11 comprises a solid shaft transmission shaft and a hollow shaft sleeve sleeved outside the solid shaft transmission shaft, one end of the solid shaft transmission shaft is connected with the gear transmission of the bevel gear set 8 through a rectangular key, the other end of the solid shaft transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the spiral ditcher 24 through a pin, the hollow shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer shell of the bevel gear set 8, the mounting plate 23 is welded on the hollow shaft sleeve, the soil covering device 12 is connected with the mounting plate 23, a fertilizer pipe 19 is arranged between the soil covering device 12 and the spiral ditcher 24, the fertilizer pipe 19 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 23 through a bolt and nut assembly, one side of the fertilizer pipe 19, which is close to the spiral ditcher 24, is connected with a ditch cleaning plough 18, the mounting panel 23 adopts bolt and nut subassembly fixed mounting to have a fender soil guide plate 21, it is located to keep off soil guide plate 21 the fertilizer pipe 19 with the spiral furrow opener 24 is close to one side of walking chassis 1, clear furrow plough 18 is used for ensuring that the soil slick does not pile up the jam fertilizer pipe 19. The soil covering device 12 is used for backfilling the floating soil dug by the ditching and fertilizing device 13, as shown in fig. 4, the casing device 12 includes a casing plate 20, the top end of the casing plate 20 is connected to one end of the mounting plate 23 by a hinge, a clamp spring 22 is arranged at the hinge, two ends of the clamp spring 22 are respectively fixed on the mounting plate 23 and the earthing plate 20, when meeting a large resistance, the soil covering plate 20 overcomes the elastic force of the clamp spring 22 to lift up, so that the soil covering plate 20 is prevented from being damaged, the clamp spring 22 resets the earthing plate 20, the fertilizer storage device comprises a fertilizer box 5 and an electric fertilizer distributor 7, the electric fertilizer apparatus 7 is connected with the bottom of the fertilizer box 5, the electric fertilizer apparatus 7 is connected with the fertilizer pipe 19 through a hose, the electric fertilizer distributor 7 is used for conveying the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 5 to the ditching and fertilizing device 13. The transmission path of the power output is as follows: the output shaft of the fuel oil engine 4 drives the centrifugal belt pulley 17 to rotate through a belt, the centrifugal belt pulley 17 drives the input shaft of the speed reducer 6 to rotate, the output shaft of the speed reducer 6 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the bevel gear set 8 to rotate, the internal gear of the bevel gear set 8 drives the solid shaft transmission shaft to rotate, and the solid shaft transmission shaft drives the spiral furrow opener 24 to rotate.
During operation, the 192F diesel engine is started, part of power of the 192F diesel engine is transmitted to the gearbox 2 through a belt and then transmitted to the walking chassis 1, the walking chassis 1 comprises a reversing structure, and the actions of advancing, retreating, left-right turning and the like of the walking chassis 1 are controlled through the control console 3; when the 192F diesel engine is in an idling state, the power is not transmitted to the ditching and fertilizing device 13 under the action of the centrifugal belt pulley 17; when the ditching and fertilizing operation is needed, the power is transmitted to the speed reducer 6 through the belt and drives the spiral ditcher 24 to rotate through the bevel gear set 8, at the moment, the hydraulic push rod 9 is controlled to push the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate so as to drive the spiral ditcher 24 to enter the soil, when the ditching depth meets the agricultural requirement, the ditching depth is kept unchanged by utilizing the self-locking function of the hydraulic push rod 9, the electric fertilizer distributor 7 is started, fertilizer falls into the ditch through the fertilizer distributing pipe 19, under the action of the furrow plough 18, the fertilizer pipe 19 is ensured not to be blocked, and as the walking chassis 1 advances, the earth covering plate 20 scrapes the floating soil on the edge of the ditch into the ditch to complete earth covering operation, and the clamp spring 22 ensures that the earth covering plate 20 overcomes the elastic force of the clamp spring 22 to lift when meeting large resistance, so that the earth covering plate 20 is prevented from being damaged; when the operation is finished, the hydraulic push rod 9 is controlled to pull the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, the spiral furrow opener 24 leaves the ground, and the furrow opening and fertilizing device 13 is enabled to be in a non-working position.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned mode, the ditching and fertilizing device 13 further comprises a vertical shaft 11 and a spiral furrow opener 24, wherein one end of the vertical shaft 11 is connected with the transmission device, and the other end of the vertical shaft 11 is connected with the spiral furrow opener 24.
As a preferred embodiment, based on the above mode, further, the spiral furrow opener 24 includes a rotating shaft and a spiral blade spirally disposed on the rotating shaft, the vertical shaft 11 includes a transmission shaft and a sleeve sleeved outside the transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is connected with the bevel gear set 8, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener 24, and the sleeve is fixedly connected with an outer shell of the bevel gear set 8.
As a preferable embodiment, on the basis of the above mode, further, the ditching and fertilizing apparatus 13 further includes a mounting plate 23, the mounting plate 23 is connected to the sleeve, the soil covering apparatus 12 is connected to the mounting plate 23, a fertilizer pipe is arranged between the soil covering apparatus 12 and the spiral furrow opener 24, the fertilizer pipe is detachably connected to the mounting plate 23, a clearing plough 18 is connected to a side of the fertilizer pipe close to the spiral furrow opener 24, a soil retaining guide plate 21 is detachably connected to the mounting plate 23, the soil retaining guide plate 21 is located on a side of the fertilizer pipe close to the walking chassis 1 and the spiral furrow opener 24, and the clearing plough 18 is used for ensuring that floating soil is not accumulated to block the fertilizer pipe.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above manner, further, the soil covering device 12 includes a soil covering plate 20, the top end of the soil covering plate 20 is hinged to the mounting plate 23, a snap spring 22 is disposed at the hinged position, two ends of the snap spring 22 are respectively fixed to the mounting plate 23 and the soil covering plate 20, when the soil covering plate 20 encounters a large resistance, the snap spring 22 is overcome to lift the soil covering plate, so as to prevent the soil covering plate 20 from being damaged, and the snap spring 22 enables the soil covering plate 20 to reset.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned mode, the fertilizer storage device further includes a fertilizer box 5 and an electric fertilizer apparatus 7, the electric fertilizer apparatus 7 is connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box 5, the electric fertilizer apparatus 7 is communicated with the ditching and fertilizing device 13, and the electric fertilizer apparatus 7 is used for conveying the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 5 to the ditching and fertilizing device 13.
As a preferable embodiment, on the basis of the above manner, further, the power device includes an oil-burning machine 4 and a gearbox 2, the oil-burning machine 4 is connected with the gearbox 2 and the transmission device, and the gearbox 2 is connected with power wheels of the walking chassis 1.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-described embodiment, the traveling chassis 1 is a crawler-type chassis.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above manner, the spiral furrow opener 24 further comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade arranged on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the transmission shaft. When the ditching machine is used, the gears in the bevel gear group 8 drive the transmission shafts to rotate, the transmission shafts drive the rotating shafts to rotate, and then the rotation of the spiral blades is achieved, the rotation direction of the spiral blades is the direction of lifting the soil body upwards, and the ditching action is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above, a reversing mechanism for switching the steering of the rotating shaft is further provided between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer 6, and the reversing mechanism is connected to the console in a communication manner or electrically. The steering of the rotating shaft is controlled through the control console, and further the steering of the helical blade is controlled.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned mode, a forward side of the traveling chassis 1 is a forward side, a backward side of the traveling chassis 1 is a backward side, the fertilizer storage device is disposed on the frame 10 on a side close to the forward side, the fuel oil engine 4 is disposed on a side close to the backward side, the bevel gear set 8 is disposed on a side close to the forward side, and the vertical shaft 11 is disposed in an inclined manner such that a lower end of the rotating shaft of the auger 24 is inclined toward the backward side.
In the embodiment, the vertical shaft 11 is obliquely arranged, so that the lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener 24 is inclined towards the backward side, the field is usually uneven, hard and soft soil substances are alternated, and local hard soil block bulges or local depressions are usually also formed, when the furrow opener touches the hard soil blocks on the advancing path of the traditional furrow opener, the furrow opener is easy to jack up, and when the furrow opener advances to the local depressions, the furrow opener sinks under the self-weight action of the ditching equipment, so that the current furrow opener has the problem that the ditching depth is inconsistent, the ditching and fertilizing effects are not facilitated, particularly for hilly areas and hilly areas, the soil hardness is more various, and the problem that the ditching depth is inconsistent is further aggravated, therefore, in the application, the crawler-type walking chassis 1 is adopted, and when the spiral furrow opener 24 touches the local depressions or soft soil substances, the crawler belt has a certain length, can form a support, and prevents the spiral furrow opener 24 from sinking or reduces the sinking amplitude of the spiral furrow opener 24, so that the consistency of the furrowing depth is improved, and the fertilizing effect is further improved;
furthermore, in mountainous and hilly areas, most orchard tea gardens are on slopes, although the crawler-type chassis in the shape has good terrain adaptability, the advancing of the orchard tea gardens is still limited due to the problems of large gradient, deep ditches and the like, in the scheme of the application, the heavy fuel oil engine 4 is arranged on one side close to the backward side, so that the advancing side can cross the ditches and the large gradient, and the terrain adaptability of the fertilizer applicator is improved;
particularly, in the scheme of the embodiment, because the fertilizer applicator arranges heavy components such as the fuel oil engine 4, the gearbox 2 and the control console 3 on the reverse side, the fertilizer box 5 is arranged on the forward side, whether the fertilizer box 5 is loaded or not can be selected according to the road condition on the road going to an operation field, if the road condition is good, the fertilizer is placed in the fertilizer box 5, the carrying difficulty is reduced in sequence, and when the road intersection is not good and the gradient is large, the fertilizer box 5 is in an idle load mode, so that the forward side of the fertilizer applicator is lighter and the reverse side of the fertilizer applicator is heavier, and the road adaptability of the fertilizer applicator is improved;
furthermore, in the scheme of the embodiment, the vertical shaft 11 is obliquely arranged, so that the lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener 24 is inclined towards the backward side, that is, the position of the soil body excavated by the spiral blade is positioned at one side of the fertilizer applicator close to the backward side, and the weight of the side fertilizer applicator can improve larger pressure, so that the fertilizer applicator has better stability;
on this basis, furtherly, the slope of vertical scroll 11 sets up, makes spiral furrow opener 24's pivot lower extreme court the side slope that backs up, when going to the slope or the bank of the bank that the fertilizer distributor is difficult to the climbing, can touch to earth through the 24 pivot lower extremes of adjustment spiral furrow opener, the reversal the pivot makes helical blade antiport to this provides supplementary thrust, and supplementary fertilizer distributor is got rid of poverty, so, the road conditions environment and the suitable ability of operational environment of this application fertilizer distributor of great improvement. It should be noted that, in this application, under the condition of ditching and fertilizing by the fertilizer applicator, the rotation direction of the rotating shaft is forward rotation, and the rotation direction opposite to the forward rotation is reverse rotation, and the rotation direction is realized by a reversing mechanism arranged between the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer 6.
As a preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above manner, further, when the hydraulic push rod 9 pushes the rotary shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, and the rotary shaft sleeve 14 drives the spiral furrow opener 24 to rotate, a rotation track exists at the lower end of the rotary shaft of the spiral furrow opener 24, and on the rotation track, at least one position exists, so that the lower end of the rotary shaft is located below the fuel engine 4. In the scheme, when the lower end of the rotating shaft is positioned below the fuel oil engine 4 and the traveling device with a large gradient is difficult to advance or climb over, the lower end ground contact surface of the rotating shaft can support the backward side of the fertilizer applicator by rotating the rotating shaft, so that the center of gravity of the fertilizer applicator is moved upwards, the escaping capability is improved, the advancing stability of the spiral furrow opener 24 is greatly improved under the weight application of the fuel oil engine 4, the consistency of the furrow opening depth is improved, and the good fertilizing effect is ensured.
As a preferred embodiment, based on the above manner, further, when the hydraulic push rod 9 pushes the rotary shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, and the rotary shaft sleeve 14 drives the spiral furrow opener 24 to rotate, a rotation track exists at the lower end of the rotary shaft of the spiral furrow opener 24, and at least one position exists on the rotation track, so that the spiral blade is located below the fuel engine 4. The helical blade is located the below of oil burner 4, as mentioned, when improving the uniformity of ditching degree of depth, guaranteeing good fertilization effect, still further reason helical blade upset provides the helping hand, promotes the fertilizer distributor and gets rid of poverty.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above, the two rotating bushings 14 are spaced apart from each other, so that the rotating bushings 14 are independently controlled by the corresponding hydraulic push rods 9. In the scheme of the application, the two rotary shaft sleeves 14 can be independently controlled, firstly, when ditching and fertilizing are carried out on a sloping field, when a fertilizing advancing line of the fertilizer applicator is higher on one side and lower on the other side, a deeper fertilizing ditch can be formed on the lower side, and a shallower fertilizing ditch is formed on the higher side, so that in the scheme, the ditching depth of the two spiral ditchers 24 can be independently adjusted, and on one hand, both sides can be adjusted to the proper ditching depth; further, when the fertilizer applicator needs to get rid of difficulties due to road conditions and environments, the two spiral furrow openers 24 can be independently controlled to form more action combinations, so that the difficulty removal capability of the fertilizer applicator is further improved.
In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually decreased in a direction from bottom to top along the rotation axis. For arid regions, the covering soil is dry, the screw pitches of the spiral blades are gradually reduced from bottom to top, the covering soil is extruded by the spiral blades when being lifted in the ditching process, the lifting height of the covering soil is reduced, and the evacuation degree of the lifted covering soil is also reduced, so that the raise dust is greatly reduced, the air quality of the operation environment is improved, the environmental pollution is also reduced, and the environment protection is facilitated.
As another preferred embodiment, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually decreased in a direction from top to bottom along the rotation axis. In regions with wet climate, the covering soil is wet, the pitch of the helical blade is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and in the ditching process, the pitch of the upper part is increased while the covering soil is lifted, so that extrusion hardening of the soil body is avoided, the soil body is facilitated to fall from the blade, and the risk that the groove of the helical blade is blocked is reduced; further, on comparatively extreme road conditions that easily sink into, when the fertilizer distributor excessively sinks into appearing, control helical blade reversal, helical blade's pitch reduces gradually from bottom to top, and the soil body on the blade is along with the rotatory downstream of blade, and it is inseparable to be compacted gradually at this in-process soil body, also makes the soil body of blade below compacted gradually, so, further increase the thrust of upwards pushing to the blade, and then upwards pushes away the fertilizer distributor, makes the fertilizer distributor get rid of poverty, so, by a wide margin the ability of getting rid of poverty of fertilizer distributor has been increased.
The working method of the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator sequentially comprises the following steps:
step one, positioning a fertilizer applicator: the hydraulic push rod 9 is contracted to drive the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, so that the lower end of the ditching and fertilizing device 13 is separated from the ground and moves to a working position through the walking chassis 1;
step two, debugging: when the fertilizer applicator travels to a working position, the hydraulic push rod 9 is controlled to push the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, the spiral furrow opener 24 is driven to insert soil, when the depth of the inserted soil of the spiral furrow opener 24 reaches the furrow opening depth requirement, the hydraulic push rod 9 is locked, the electric fertilizer distributor 7 is debugged, and the fertilizer speed discharged by the fertilizer discharge pipe reaches the fertilizer application requirement;
step three, ditching and fertilizing: starting the fuel oil engine 4, enabling the walking chassis 1 to move along a planned path, transmitting part of power to the gearbox 2 through a belt and further transmitting the power to the walking chassis 1, and controlling the walking motion of the walking chassis 1 through the console 3; a part of power is transmitted to the speed reducer 6, the spiral furrow opener 24 is driven to rotate through the bevel gear group 8, the electric fertilizer distributor 7 is started, fertilizer falls into a ditch through the fertilizer distributor, the floating soil on the edge of the ditch is scraped into the ditch by the soil covering plate 20 along with the forward movement of the walking chassis 1 to complete soil covering operation, and the clamp spring 22 ensures that the soil covering plate 20 overcomes the elastic force of the clamp spring 22 to lift when meeting large resistance, so that the soil covering plate 20 is prevented from being damaged; when the operation is finished, the hydraulic push rod 9 is controlled to pull the rotating shaft sleeve 14 to rotate, the spiral furrow opener 24 leaves the ground, and the furrow opening and fertilizing device 13 is in a non-working position;
step four, returning to the field: after the fertilization work is finished, the fertilizer applicator returns to the placing field in a mode of walking of the fertilizer applicator walking chassis 1 and/or mechanical transportation, and the next fertilization work is waited after the fertilizer applicator is cleaned and maintained.
According to the working method of the fertilizer applicator, the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator is adopted, so that a good fertilizer application effect can be realized, the rolling times of a soil body can be reduced, and the influence on the growth of crops caused by the compaction of the soil body by the fertilizer applicator is avoided; particularly, fertilizer is put in after ditching, and soil is immediately covered, so that the moisture damage of soil can be greatly reduced, and the follow-up operation can be conveniently carried out;
the ditching and fertilizing depth of the two sides can be conveniently controlled, and the ditching and fertilizing depth is consistent in the ditching process.
Preferably, in the first step, the third step and/or the fourth step, when the fertilizer applicator is difficult to advance due to road conditions in the process of advancing to the working position, the position and/or the action of the spiral furrow opener 24 are/is adjusted to enable the spiral furrow opener 24 to provide auxiliary power to assist the fertilizer applicator to get rid of the trouble; when the fertilizer applicator is trapped and difficult to get rid of difficulties, the helical blade is controlled to rotate reversely, soil below the helical blade is gradually compacted, upward jacking force to the helical blade is increased, and the fertilizer applicator is made to get rid of difficulties.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A self-propelled side fertilizer applicator is characterized by comprising a walking chassis, wherein the walking chassis is a crawler-type chassis, the walking chassis is provided with a power device and a rack, the rack is also provided with a ditching and fertilizing device in transmission connection with the power device, the ditching and fertilizing device is used for digging soil, forming ditches and applying fertilizer to the ditches, the ditching and fertilizing device is arranged at the side of the walking chassis in the advancing direction and comprises a spiral ditcher and a vertical shaft, the spiral ditcher comprises a rotating shaft and spiral blades arranged on the rotating shaft, the rack is also provided with a fertilizer storage device, a transmission device and an earthing device, each ditching and fertilizing device is correspondingly connected with one earthing device, the power device is connected with the transmission device, one end of the vertical shaft is connected with the transmission device, the other end of the vertical shaft is connected with the spiral ditcher, the forward side of the walking chassis is a forward side, the backward side of the walking chassis is a backward side, and the vertical shaft is obliquely arranged so that the lower end of a rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener inclines towards the backward side;
the transmission device comprises a speed reducer, a centrifugal belt pulley and a bevel gear set, wherein an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the centrifugal belt pulley, an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the bevel gear set, the centrifugal belt pulley is connected with an output shaft of the power device through a belt, the transmission device further comprises a rotating shaft sleeve, a rotating shaft, a supporting bearing seat and a hydraulic push rod, the rotating shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the supporting bearing seat is arranged on the rack, the rotating shaft sleeve penetrates through the supporting bearing seat, one end of the rotating shaft sleeve is connected with the speed reducer and can rotate, the other end of the rotating shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with an outer shell of the bevel gear set, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with the speed reducer, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the bevel gear set, one end of the hydraulic push rod is connected with the rack, the other end of the hydraulic push rod is connected with the rotating shaft sleeve, the hydraulic push rod can stretch to drive the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate, the vertical shaft comprises a transmission shaft and a sleeve sleeved outside the transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is connected with the bevel gear set, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a rotating shaft of the spiral furrow opener, the sleeve is fixedly connected with the outer shell of the bevel gear set, the ditching and fertilizing device further comprises a mounting plate, the mounting plate is connected with the sleeve, the soil covering device is connected with the mounting plate, a fertilizer pipe is arranged between the soil covering device and the spiral furrow opener, the fertilizer pipe is detachably connected with the mounting plate, one side of the fertilizer pipe close to the spiral furrow opener is connected with a furrow clearing plough, the mounting plate is detachably connected with a soil retaining guide plate, the soil retaining guide plate is positioned on one side of the fertilizer pipe and the spiral furrow opener close to the walking chassis, and the soil covering device comprises a soil covering plate, the top end of the earthing plate is hinged to the mounting plate, a clamp spring is arranged at the hinged position, two ends of the clamp spring are respectively fixed to the mounting plate and the earthing plate, the clamp spring enables the earthing plate to reset, the fertilizer storage device comprises a fertilizer box and an electric fertilizer distributor, the electric fertilizer distributor is connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box and communicated with the ditching and fertilizing device, and the electric fertilizer distributor is used for conveying fertilizer in the fertilizer box to the ditching and fertilizing device;
still fixedly connected with control cabinet on the walking chassis, power device includes fuel engine and gearbox, the fuel engine is connected the gearbox with transmission, the gearbox is connected the power wheel on walking chassis, the pivot is connected with the transmission shaft, still is provided with reversing mechanism between axis of rotation and reduction gear output shaft, reversing mechanism is used for switching the turning to of axis of rotation, reversing mechanism with control cabinet communication connection or electricity are connected, it sets up to store up fertile device be close to in the frame advance one side of side, the fuel engine sets up and is close to one side of side that backs, the setting of bevel gear group is being close to one side of advancing the side.
2. The self-propelled side fertilizer applicator of claim 1 wherein one of the furrow opening and fertilizing apparatus is disposed on each side of the travelling chassis in the direction of travel.
3. The self-propelled side fertilizer applicator of claim 2, wherein the vertical height of the ditching and fertilizing device is adjustable, the transmission device is connected with the ditching and fertilizing device, the fertilizer storage device is communicated with the ditching and fertilizing device, the power device is used for driving the traveling chassis and driving the ditching and fertilizing device to insert soil through the transmission device, the soil covering device is used for backfilling the floating soil planed by the ditching and fertilizing device, and the fertilizer storage device is used for conveying fertilizer to the ditching and fertilizing device.
4. The self-propelled side fertilizer applicator of claim 3 wherein the hydraulic ram drives the rotating collar to rotate, and the rotating collar drives the auger to rotate, such that the lower end of the auger shaft has a rotating track on which at least one position exists, such that the lower end of the auger shaft and/or the helical blade is located below the fuel engine.
5. The self-propelled side fertilizer applicator of claim 4 wherein the two rotating bushings are spaced apart such that the rotating bushings are independently controlled by their respective hydraulic push rods.
6. The self-propelled side fertilizer applicator of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the pitch of the helical blade decreases gradually in a direction from bottom to top along the axis of rotation, or in a direction from top to bottom along the axis of rotation.
7. The working method of the self-propelled side fertilizer applicator is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
step one, positioning a fertilizer applicator: the hydraulic push rod is contracted to drive the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate, so that the lower end of the ditching and fertilizing device is separated from the ground and moves to a working position through the traveling chassis;
step two, debugging: when the fertilizer applicator travels to a working position, the hydraulic push rod is controlled to push the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate so as to drive the spiral furrow opener to dig into the soil, and when the digging depth of the spiral furrow opener reaches the requirement of the ditching depth, the hydraulic push rod is locked, and the electric fertilizer distributor is debugged so that the fertilizer speed discharged by the fertilizer distributing pipe reaches the requirement of fertilizer application;
step three, ditching and fertilizing: starting the fuel oil engine, enabling the walking chassis to move along a planned path, transmitting part of power to the gearbox through a belt and further transmitting the power to the walking chassis, and controlling the walking motion of the walking chassis through the console; a part of power is transmitted to the speed reducer and drives the spiral furrow opener to rotate through the bevel gear set, the electric fertilizer distributor is started, fertilizer falls into the ditch through the fertilizer distributor pipe, and the soil covering plate scrapes the floating soil on the edge of the ditch into the ditch along with the forward movement of the walking chassis to complete the soil covering operation; when the operation is finished, the hydraulic push rod is controlled to pull the rotating shaft sleeve to rotate, and the spiral furrow opener leaves the soil, so that the ditching and fertilizing device is in a non-working position;
step four, returning to the field: after the fertilization work is finished, the fertilizer applicator returns to a placing field in a mode of walking of a fertilizer applicator chassis and/or mechanical transportation, after the next fertilization work is cleaned and maintained, in the step I and/or the step III and/or the step IV, in the process that the fertilizer applicator travels to a working position, when the fertilizer applicator is difficult to travel due to road conditions, the position and/or the action of the spiral furrow opener are/is adjusted, so that the spiral furrow opener provides auxiliary power to assist the fertilizer applicator in getting rid of the trouble; when the fertilizer applicator is trapped and difficult to get rid of difficulties, the helical blades are controlled to rotate reversely, soil bodies below the blades are gradually compacted, upward pushing force to the blades is increased, and the fertilizer applicator is made to get rid of difficulties.
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