CN112461559A - Current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring state of train running part - Google Patents
Current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring state of train running part Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
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- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
- G01K7/22—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor
- G01K7/24—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit
- G01K7/25—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit for modifying the output characteristic, e.g. linearising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running part, which comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an outer packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the like. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component forms a shielding layer, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shielding layer, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the train operation condition can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing train running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special sensor for monitoring the running state and diagnosing faults of a train, in particular to a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running part.
Background
The train running safety state monitoring is an important component of a railway running safety guarantee information system, realizes real-time monitoring on the running state of the running train through a vehicle-mounted sensor, a monitoring device and the like, can timely find vehicles or parts with bad running states, provides first-hand data information for locomotive vehicle maintenance, and has important significance for guaranteeing railway running safety and improving the maintenance level of the locomotive vehicle. The sensor technology is one of three major foundations of information technology and is a high technology which is competitively developed in all developed countries at present. The sensor is similar to a sense organ which is necessary for human beings to obtain external information, is a detection device, can sense measured information, can convert the sensed information into an electric signal or other information in a required form according to a certain rule and output the electric signal or other information, meets the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, control and the like, and is the first link for realizing automatic detection and automatic control. Generally, one sensor can only measure one physical quantity, and in order to accurately and comprehensively recognize an object and an environment for further monitoring or control, a plurality of sensors are often required to measure a plurality of physical quantities simultaneously, so that the system structure is large and complex, and the reliability and stability of the system are reduced.
The train running part is in a high-speed and heavy-load working state for a long time, and due to the long-term repeated action of the contact stress of the working surface, the faults of bearing fatigue, cracks, indentation and the like are easily caused, so that the bearing is heated, an axle is broken, extra impact vibration is brought to a locomotive, and then a 'hot axle' or other faults are generated; for this reason, it is necessary to perform state monitoring and failure diagnosis of the train running gear. The train state monitoring sensor is difficult to solve in the design and manufacture of the train state monitoring sensor due to the fact that the train operation working condition is complex, the working environment is severe, interference factors are various, and external effects such as impact and friction are prone to being caused. In the monitoring of the running state of the train, each train running part needs to be monitored, if the number of the sensors is too large, the monitoring system is complex in structure, information acquisition is scattered, and the signal transmission process is easily interfered, so that certain difficulty is brought to the state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the train running part.
The existing method for monitoring the state of the train running gear mainly comprises the following steps: the vibration impact monitoring in the monitoring system is mostly realized by a compression type piezoelectric acceleration sensor to pick up signals, the sensor adopts a structure that a piezoelectric element-mass block-spring system is arranged on a circular central support connected with a base, the structure has high resonance frequency, and when the base is connected with a monitoring object, if the base deforms, the output of a vibration pickup is directly influenced; in addition, the temperature change of the monitored object and the environment affects the piezoelectric element, and the pretightening force is changed, so that the temperature drift is easily caused, and the monitoring signal distortion is caused; however, such sensors are generally in a single-end signal output mode, and are difficult to meet the requirements of the running conditions of train wheel sets, so that misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur due to complex electromagnetic interference, and the monitoring device or the sensor is damaged in severe cases. Based on the appearance that the temperature rise is an external characteristic expression of accidents caused by the fact that certain components are broken down and close to the faults, the passenger trains in China mostly adopt train axle temperature monitoring and alarming devices; not all faults necessarily lead to elevated temperatures (e.g., gear failure, tread failure, and partial bearing face damage), and therefore, integrated temperature and vibration monitoring is commonly used for railroad locomotives. Practice shows that the single axle temperature monitoring alarm is incomplete and incomplete, and although the monitoring effect is improved to some extent by a temperature and vibration comprehensive monitoring method, the method has some problems: the vibration impact monitoring sensor can cause misdiagnosis and misjudgment due to the influence of strong electromagnetic interference, and meanwhile, misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis caused by the failure of a sensitive element can not be avoided. Therefore, it is desirable to make several sensitive components together as much as possible, so that one multi-parameter sensor can measure several parameters simultaneously, and has multiple functions, thereby facilitating the installation and maintenance of the train state monitoring equipment and improving the stability and reliability of the monitoring system.
On the basis of satisfying the function of monitoring each parameter, the multi-parameter sensor optimizes the structure of the monitoring system and improves the stability and reliability of the system; the installation cost, the human resources and the financial resources of the train monitoring system are reduced to a certain extent, a large amount of comprehensive monitoring data can be provided for the monitoring system, the fault diagnosis of the train running part is more accurate and reliable, and the method has important significance for ensuring the running safety of the train. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the condition of the train wheel set.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running gear.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running part comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component and a monitoring circuit; the device comprises a temperature sensitive component, a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a ground potential and a ground potential, wherein the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2) and a top cover (2-3), the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an external packaging assembly and are arranged on a monitored object; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielded twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielded twisted pair is connected to the constant current source ground only at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for monitoring the state of a train running part and diagnosing faults from the picked-up signalout1Punching and stamping machineClick signal Vout2Temperature signal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of the train, and further optimize the monitoring system structure to improve the stability and the reliability.
The external packaging assembly comprises a sensor base (1-1), a sensor middle shell (1-2), a sensor upper shell (1-3), a tail end wire protector (1-4), an epoxy potting I (1-5), an external insulating pad (1-6) and sensor mounting threads (1-7), wherein a temperature sensitive component comprises a temperature sensitive element (1-10), a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8) and a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11) which are processed in the sensor base (1-1), and a sensor bottom cover (1-9); the lower part of the tail end wire protector (1-4) is in a hexagonal shape and is connected with the external thread at the top of the sensor upper shell (1-3) through internal threads, the sensor upper shell (1-3) is connected with the sensor middle shell (1-2) through threads, the sensor middle shell (1-2) is connected to the sensor base (1-1) in a clamping mode, the sensor mounting threads (1-7) used for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position are processed at the periphery of the lower part of the sensor base (1-1), the outer hexagonal shape convenient for mounting and screwing is formed at the upper part of the sensor middle shell, and the outer insulating pad (1-6) made of machinable ceramics used for mounting a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly is pressed at the center position of the top, the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is fixed by the lower part of the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8), Leading out a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11), fixing a sensor bottom cover (1-9) by spot welding, mounting the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly on an outer insulating pad (1-6), leading the temperature signal wire into the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly through a temperature signal wire through hole II (2-9), mounting a sensor middle shell (1-2) and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly by adopting an epoxy potting I (1-5); the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, the temperature signal of the monitored object is picked up through the temperature sensitive element (1-10), the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15), and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board (2-15) is led out by the top cover wire through hole (2-17), the sensor upper shell (1-3) and the tail end wire protector (1-4) in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the connector JK 1.
In the invention, the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is divided into an upper cavity (2-6) and a lower cavity (2-5), and comprises a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2), a top cover (2-3), a heat shrinkable tube (2-4), a cavity partition plate (2-7), a maintenance and wire passing hole (2-8), a temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9), a crystal support seat (2-10), a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11), a mass block (2-12), a heat shrinkable ring (2-13), an inner insulating pad (2-14), a detection circuit board (2-15), a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), a top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and an epoxy encapsulation II (2-18) for picking up the vibration of a detected object, The piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) of an impact signal is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is annularly wrapped by a mass block (2-12), the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and the mass block (2-12) are fastened on the upper part of a crystal support seat (2-10) through a heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), the crystal support seat (2-10) is clamped on an inner insulating pad (2-14) made of 95% aluminum oxide and then clamped on a bottom cover (2-2), and after the shielding cylinder (2-1) and the bottom cover (2-2) are pressed, the crystal support seat (2-10) is integrally cured in the bottom space of a lower cavity (2-5) by adopting an epoxy potting II (2-18); the crystal supporting seat (2-10) is used as a negative pole of a vibration sensing signal, the positive pole of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15) together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9) after being maintained and passing through the wire hole (2-8), the detection circuit board (2-15) is fixed on a cavity partition plate (2-7) in the upper cavity (2-6) through a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), and the signal wire is led out from the top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and is connected to a JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block (2-12) is high-density tungsten alloy, the thermal shrinkage ring (2-13) is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by the low-temperature alloy ring with the tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat (2-10), the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is wrapped by a PE heat shrinkage pipe (2-4) for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly.
In the invention, the detection circuit consists of a double operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and capacitors C1-C6, the positive electrode of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1B, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a heat shrinkage ring (2-13), the negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat (2-10), a resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, C5 and C6 are power supply decoupling capacitors, the resistors R3, R4 and R5 together with the capacitors C3 and C4 provide signal direct current reference voltages for the two charge amplifiers, differential charge amplification and current sampling of output signals of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) are realized, R1= R2= R86 3= R = 367 = C = 3687458 = C3, when the charge variation quantity at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) caused by the vibration and impact variation of the monitored object is Q, the current I passing through the resistor R6d=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature-sensitive element (1-10) is ItThen the sensor operating current Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process.
In the invention, the monitoring circuit comprises a signal separation module consisting of a double operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; vibration of the object,The shock signal is a continuous variable, is AC-coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and is low-pass filtered to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Extracting a vibration impact signal direct-current component after full-wave rectification; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superimposed with a sensor circuit quiescent current IqThe direct-current component of the vibration impact signal is firstly in direct-current coupling to a static current removing circuit formed by an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting threads (1-7), in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting component is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of the train running part consists of a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the like; the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with the monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of the train can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing train running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the temperature sensor comprises a sensor base 1-1, a sensor middle shell 1-2, a sensor upper shell 1-3, a tail end wire protector 1-4, an epoxy potting I1-5, an outer insulating pad 1-6, a sensor mounting thread 1-7, a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity 1-8, a sensor bottom cover 1-9, a temperature sensitive element 1-10 and a temperature signal wire through hole I1-11.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the vibration sensing and detection circuit assembly of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 2-1 parts of shielding cylinder, 2-2 parts of bottom cover, 2-3 parts of top cover, 2-4 parts of heat shrinkable tube, 2-5 parts of lower cavity, 2-6 parts of upper cavity, 2-7 parts of cavity partition board, 2-8 parts of maintenance and wire passing hole, 2-9 parts of temperature signal wire passing hole II, 2-10 parts of crystal support seat, 2-11 parts of piezoelectric ceramic crystal, 2-12 parts of mass block, 2-13 parts of heat shrinkable ring, 2-14 parts of inner insulating pad, 2-15 parts of detection circuit board, 2-16 parts of circuit board fixing screw, 2-17 parts of top cover wire passing hole and 2-18 parts of epoxy encapsulation II.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a view of a base threaded joint of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running part, which comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the likeComposition is carried out; the device comprises a temperature sensitive component, a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a ground potential and a ground potential, wherein the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2) and a top cover (2-3), the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an external packaging assembly and are arranged on a monitored object; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielded twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielded twisted pair is connected to the constant current source ground only at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for monitoring the state of a train running part and diagnosing faults from the picked-up signalout1Impact signal Vout2Temperature signal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of the train, and further optimize the monitoring system structure to improve the stability and the reliability. The sensor is internally provided with two sensitive components of a piezoelectric sensitive element and a temperature sensitive device, wherein the piezoelectric sensitive device is used for picking up vibration and impact generated in the operation process of a monitored object, and the temperature sensitive device is used for monitoring the temperature change condition of the monitored object in the operation process. The vibration sensitive and detecting circuit components of the sensor are packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with a monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of a train can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing train running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
Fig. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1-1 is a sensor base, 1-2 is a sensor middle shell, 1-3 is a sensor upper shell, 1-4 is a tail-end wire protector, 1-5 is an epoxy potting i, 1-6 is an external insulating pad, 1-7 is a sensor mounting screw thread, 1-8 is a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity, 1-9 is a sensor bottom cover, 1-10 is a temperature sensitive element, and 1-11 is a temperature signal line via hole i. The external packaging assembly of the sensor comprises a sensor base (1-1), a sensor middle shell (1-2), a sensor upper shell (1-3), a tail end wire protector (1-4), an epoxy encapsulation I (1-5), an external insulation pad (1-6) and a sensor mounting thread (1-7), wherein a temperature sensitive component comprises a temperature sensitive element (1-10), a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8) and a temperature signal line through hole I (1-11) which are processed in the sensor base (1-1), and a sensor bottom cover (1-9). Wherein, the lower part of the tail end wire protector (1-4) is in outer hexagon shape and is connected with the top external thread of the sensor upper shell (1-3) through internal thread, the sensor upper shell (1-3) is connected with the sensor middle shell (1-2) through thread, the sensor middle shell (1-2) is connected to the sensor base (1-1) in a clamping way, the lower periphery of the sensor base (1-1) is provided with sensor mounting thread (1-7) for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position, the upper part is in outer hexagon shape convenient for mounting and screwing, the top center is provided with an outer insulating pad (1-6) which is pressed and connected with a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly and is made of machinable ceramics, the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is fixed by the lower part of the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8), Leading out a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11), fixing a sensor bottom cover (1-9) by spot welding, installing the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly on an outer insulating pad (1-6), leading the temperature signal wire into the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly through a temperature signal wire through hole II (2-9), installing a sensor middle shell (1-2) and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly by adopting an epoxy encapsulation I (1-5). The annular shear type piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature signal of a monitored object is picked up through the temperature sensitive element (1-10), the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up through the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15), and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board (2-15) is led out from the top cover wire through hole (2-17), the sensor upper shell (1-3) and the tail end wire protector (1-4) in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the JK 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the vibration sensing and detection circuit assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, 2-1 is a shielding column body, 2-2 is a bottom cover, 2-3 is a top cover, 2-4 is a heat shrinkable tube, 2-5 is a lower cavity, 2-6 is an upper cavity, 2-7 is a cavity partition, 2-8 is a maintenance and wire passing hole, 2-9 is a temperature signal wire passing hole II, 2-10 is a crystal support seat, 2-11 is a piezoelectric ceramic crystal, 2-12 is a mass block, 2-13 is a heat shrinkable ring, 2-14 is an inner insulating pad, 2-15 is a detection circuit board, 2-16 is a circuit board fixing screw, 2-17 is a top cover wire passing hole, and 2-18 is an epoxy potting II. The vibration sensitive and detection circuit component of the sensor is divided into an upper cavity (2-6) and a lower cavity (2-5), and comprises a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2), a top cover (2-3), a heat shrink tube (2-4), a cavity partition plate (2-7), a maintenance and wire passing hole (2-8), a temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9), a crystal support seat (2-10), a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11), a mass block (2-12), a heat shrinkage ring (2-13), an inner insulating pad (2-14), a detection circuit board (2-15), a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), a top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and an epoxy encapsulation II (2-18) for picking up vibration of a detected object, The piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) of an impact signal is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal is annularly wrapped by a mass block (2-12), the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and the mass block (2-12) are fastened on the upper part of a crystal support seat (2-10) through a heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), the crystal support seat (2-10) is clamped on an inner insulating pad (2-14) made of 95% aluminum oxide and then clamped on a bottom cover (2-2), and after the shielding cylinder (2-1) and the bottom cover (2-2) are pressed, the crystal support seat (2-10) is integrally cured in the bottom space of a lower cavity (2-5) through an epoxy potting II (2-18). The crystal supporting seat (2-10) is used as a negative pole of a vibration sensing signal, the positive pole of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15) together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9) after being maintained and passing through the wire hole (2-8), the detection circuit board (2-15) is fixed on a cavity partition plate (2-7) in the upper cavity (2-6) through a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), and the signal wire is led out from the top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and is connected to a JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block (2-12) is high-density tungsten alloy, the thermal shrinkage ring (2-13) is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by the low-temperature alloy ring with the tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat (2-10), the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is wrapped by a PE heat shrinkage pipe (2-4) for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly. The piezoelectric sensitive element of the sensor is a shear type piezoelectric crystal, and through the close fit with the mass block, when the sensor vibrates, a shear force is formed, and the piezoelectric crystal converts the force into electric charge for output; the working principle is to measure the vibration and impact of the monitored object by using the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric crystal piece. The piezoelectric crystal is made of an ionic crystal dielectric medium, and can generate a polarization phenomenon under the action of an electric field force and a mechanical force; namely: when a mechanical force is applied to the dielectrics in a certain direction to generate deformation, the internal positive and negative charge centers of the dielectrics are relatively transferred to generate electric polarization, so that bound charges with opposite signs appear on two opposite surfaces (polarization surfaces) of the dielectrics, and the electric displacement is in proportion to the tensor of the external stress; when the external force disappears, the uncharged state is restored; when the external force changes direction, the polarity of the charges changes accordingly. This phenomenon is called the positive piezoelectric effect, or simply the piezoelectric effect. The vibration impact sensitive device of the sensor belongs to a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, adopts an annular shearing structure, the shearing force on a mass block and a piezoelectric element changes along with the vibration, and when the vibration frequency to be measured is far lower than the natural frequency of the sensor, the change of the force is in direct proportion to the acceleration to be measured; the principle of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is that the charge output of a piezoelectric crystal is in direct proportion to the applied force, and the applied force is in direct proportion to the acceleration value under the condition of certain sensitive mass, namely under a certain condition, the charge quantity generated after the piezoelectric crystal is applied with force is in direct proportion to the sensed acceleration value. The main technical indexes of the sensor are as follows: the maximum impact acceleration is 10000g, the maximum frequency response frequency is 16kHz, and the requirement of monitoring the state of the train running gear is completely met.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit of an embodiment of the present invention. The detection circuit of the sensor consists of a double operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and capacitors C1-C6, wherein the positive electrode of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1B, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a heat shrinkage ring (2-13), the negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat (2-10), a resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, C5 and C6 are power supply decoupling capacitors, the resistors R3, R4 and R9 together with the capacitors C3 and C4 provide signal direct current reference voltages for the two charge amplifiers, differential charge amplification and current sampling of output signals of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) are realized, R1= R2= R86 3= R7 = 36R, C1= C3, when the charge variation quantity at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) caused by the vibration and impact variation of the monitored object is Q, the current I passing through the resistor R6d=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature-sensitive element (1-10) is ItThen the sensor operating current Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process. The temperature sensitive device of the sensor is packaged in the opening at the bottom of the sensor base, the signal wire is led out from the side hole at the bottom of the shell, and the temperature sensitive device of the sensor is a Pt100 temperature sensor. The common Pt100 temperature sensing element includes ceramic element, glass element and mica element, which are produced by winding platinum wire around ceramic skeleton, glass skeleton and mica skeleton separately and through complicated technological process, and the resistance value of the conductor changes with the temperature change and the temperature of the measured object is calculated through measuring the resistance value, namely the resistance temperatureWorking principle of the degree sensor. The Pt100 sensor measures temperature by using the characteristic that the resistance value of a platinum resistor changes along with the temperature change and presents a certain functional relation, and the temperature/resistance value corresponding relation is as follows:
(1) -RPt 100=100[1+ At + Bt2+ Ct (t-100) ] At 200 ℃ < t < 0 ℃;
(2) RPt100=100(1+ At + Bt2) when t is between 0 ℃ and 850 ℃;
wherein A =3.90802 × 10-3, B =5.80 × 10-7, and C =4.2735 × 10-12.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring circuit of an embodiment of the present invention. The monitoring circuit of the sensor comprises a signal separation module, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter, wherein the signal separation module consists of a double-operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; the vibration and impact signals of the monitored object are continuous variables, are AC coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and are subjected to low-pass filtering to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Extracting a vibration impact signal direct-current component after full-wave rectification; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superimposed with a sensor circuit quiescent current IqThe direct-current component of the vibration impact signal is firstly in direct-current coupling to a static current removing circuit formed by an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting threads (1-7), in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting component is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
In the invention, the dual operational amplifiers IC1 and IC2 are low-power consumption and low-noise dual operational amplifiers, and the selectable models are as follows: AD8657, LT6004, LTC2067, LT6023, OPA2333, LMP2232, TLV2369, and the like; capacitors C1, C2 and C3 forming the charge amplifier select COG capacitors with better high-frequency noise suppression performance; the sampling resistors R6 and R8 are precision resistors, and the rest resistors are metal film resistors with stable temperature characteristics.
Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the present invention, fig. 7 is a top view of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a view of a base threaded joint of the present invention. The installation connection of the sensor is a detachable bolt connection, the middle part of the base is a hexagonal nut and comprises a cap body and a rod body which is formed by extending downwards from the cap body, the rod body comprises a sealing hole formed in the rod body and an external thread which is formed on the outer edge of the rod body and has the same rotating direction with the shell, and the diameter of the rod body is smaller than that of the cap body; in practical application, the rod body is embedded into a workpiece to be measured, and the bolt is in threaded connection with the workpiece, so that connection between the sensor and the workpiece to be measured can be enhanced, and looseness can be prevented. The sensitive components and circuits of the sensor are all arranged in a closed metal cavity formed by the shell, the base and the sealing sheet, and the working power supply and the sensing signals are connected with the lead connectors, so that the strong electromagnetic interference of the train state monitoring working condition environment can be effectively inhibited, and the train running state monitoring result is more accurate and reliable.
In summary, the current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of the train running part comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an outer packaging assembly, a signal connecting component, a monitoring circuit and the like; the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a grounded closed shield, and the outer packaging assembly forms a shield electrically connected with the monitored object, so that the radiation electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of the train can be effectively inhibited; the sensitive element adopts an annular shearing piezoelectric ceramic crystal and is fixed by a heat shrinkage ring, so that the problems of temperature drift and working temperature limitation of the existing train running state monitoring sensor are solved; the sensor can simultaneously extract three state parameters of vibration, impact and temperature of the monitored object, and the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited is solved; the sensor detection circuit adopts a double-charge amplification and twisted pair current output mode, and effectively inhibits conducted interference and common mode interference on a signal wire in the signal transmission process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running part comprises a vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, a temperature sensitive component, an external packaging assembly, a signal connecting component and a monitoring circuit; the method is characterized in that: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component is packaged in a shielding body consisting of a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2) and a top cover (2-3), the shielding body is connected with GND, and the temperature sensitive component and the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component are integrated in an external packaging assembly and are arranged on a monitored object; the sensor is powered by a constant current source, a multi-parameter signal picked up by a monitored object is transmitted to a monitoring circuit through a signal connecting assembly consisting of a connector JK1, a shielded twisted pair and a connector JK2, a shielding layer of the shielded twisted pair is connected to the constant current source ground only at the end of the monitoring circuit, and the monitoring circuit extracts a vibration signal V for monitoring the state of a train running part and diagnosing faults from the picked-up signalout1Impact signal Vout2Temperature signal Vout3The three state parameters solve the problem that the installation space of the train running part is limited, effectively inhibit the complex electromagnetic interference under the running working condition of the train, and further optimize the monitoring system structure to improve the stability and the reliability.
2. The current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running gear according to claim 1, wherein: the external packaging assembly comprises a sensor base (1-1), a sensor middle shell (1-2), a sensor upper shell (1-3), a tail end wire protector (1-4), an epoxy encapsulation I (1-5), an external insulation pad (1-6) and a sensor mounting thread (1-7), wherein a temperature sensitive component comprises a temperature sensitive element (1-10), a temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8) and a temperature signal line through hole I (1-11) which are processed in the sensor base (1-1), and a sensor bottom cover (1-9); the lower part of the tail end wire protector (1-4) is in a hexagonal shape and is connected with the external thread at the top of the sensor upper shell (1-3) through internal threads, the sensor upper shell (1-3) is connected with the sensor middle shell (1-2) through threads, the sensor middle shell (1-2) is connected to the sensor base (1-1) in a clamping mode, the sensor mounting threads (1-7) used for mounting the sensor to a monitoring position are processed at the periphery of the lower part of the sensor base (1-1), the outer hexagonal shape convenient for mounting and screwing is formed at the upper part of the sensor middle shell, and the outer insulating pad (1-6) made of machinable ceramics used for mounting a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly is pressed at the center position of the top, the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is fixed by the lower part of the temperature sensitive element mounting cavity (1-8), Leading out a temperature signal wire through hole I (1-11), fixing a sensor bottom cover (1-9) by spot welding, mounting the manufactured vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly on an outer insulating pad (1-6), leading the temperature signal wire into the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly through a temperature signal wire through hole II (2-9), mounting a sensor middle shell (1-2) and integrally curing the vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly by adopting an epoxy potting I (1-5); the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is packaged in the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component, the temperature signal of the monitored object is picked up through the temperature sensitive element (1-10), the vibration and impact signal of the monitored object is picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15), and the signal conditioned by the detection circuit board (2-15) is led out by the top cover wire through hole (2-17), the sensor upper shell (1-3) and the tail end wire protector (1-4) in a twisted pair current mode and is connected to the connector JK 1.
3. The current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running gear according to claim 1, wherein: the vibration sensitive and detection circuit component comprises an upper cavity (2-6) and a lower cavity (2-5), and comprises a shielding cylinder (2-1), a bottom cover (2-2), a top cover (2-3), a heat shrinkable tube (2-4), a cavity partition plate (2-7), a maintenance and wire passing hole (2-8), a temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9), a crystal support seat (2-10), a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11), a mass block (2-12), a heat shrinkable ring (2-13), an inner insulating pad (2-14), a detection circuit board (2-15), a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), a top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and an epoxy encapsulation II (2-18), wherein the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) for picking up vibration and impact signals of a detected object is an annular shear crystal, the periphery of the crystal support seat is annularly wrapped by a mass block (2-12), a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) and the mass block (2-12) are fastened on the upper part of the crystal support seat (2-10) through a heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), the crystal support seat (2-10) is clamped on an inner insulating pad (2-14) made of 95% aluminum oxide and then clamped on a bottom cover (2-2), and the crystal support seat (2-10) is integrally cured by adopting an epoxy potting II (2-18) in the bottom space of a lower cavity (2-5) after the shielding cylinder (2-1) and the bottom cover (2-2) are crimped; the crystal supporting seat (2-10) is used as a negative pole of a vibration sensing signal, the positive pole of the vibration sensing signal is led out from the heat-shrinkable ring (2-13), and is electrically connected to the detection circuit board (2-15) together with a temperature signal wire led in from the temperature signal wire passing hole II (2-9) after being maintained and passing through the wire hole (2-8), the detection circuit board (2-15) is fixed on a cavity partition plate (2-7) in the upper cavity (2-6) through a circuit board fixing screw (2-16), and the signal wire is led out from the top cover wire passing hole (2-17) and is connected to a JK 1; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is PZT-5 of lead zirconate titanate series, the mass block (2-12) is high-density tungsten alloy, the thermal shrinkage ring (2-13) is a low-temperature alloy ring which is made of tin, silver and copper fusible alloy and has the surface covered by the low-temperature alloy ring with the tension larger than 30Mpa, the crystal support seat (2-10), the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) are all processed by S316 stainless steel, the shielding cylinder (2-1), the bottom cover (2-2) and the top cover (2-3) form a closed shielding body, and the shielding body is wrapped by a PE heat shrinkage pipe (2-4) for insulation to form a vibration sensitive and detection circuit assembly.
4. The current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running gear according to claim 1, wherein: the detection circuit comprises a double-operational amplifier IC1, resistors R1-R7 and a capacitorC1-C6, the positive electrode of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier composed of an operational amplifier IC1B, a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a heat shrinkage ring (2-13), the negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) is connected to a charge amplifier composed of an operational amplifier IC1A, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2 through a crystal support seat (2-10), a resistor R6 connected to the output ends of the two charge amplifiers is a vibration impact sampling resistor, C5 and C6 are power supply decoupling capacitors, resistors R3, R4 and R5, capacitors C3 and C4 together provide signal direct current reference voltage for the two charge amplifiers, differential charge amplification and current sampling of output signals of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) are realized, R1= R2= R3= R, C1= C2= 3= C are taken, and the charge at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal (2-11) caused by vibration and impact change is monitored as Q change amount, the current I through the resistor R6d=2Q/(C × R6); the temperature sensitive element (1-10) is Pt100, is connected in series with a current limiting resistor R7 and then is connected between the power supply end of a constant current source and the ground GND of the sensor in parallel, and the quiescent current of the sensor circuit is IqThe current passing through the temperature-sensitive element (1-10) is ItThen the sensor operating current Iin=Iq+It+IdThe sensor adopts a two-wire twisted pair connection mode so as to effectively inhibit complex electromagnetic interference in the signal transmission process.
5. The current type multi-parameter sensor for monitoring the state of a train running gear according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring circuit comprises a signal separation module consisting of a double operational amplifier IC2, resistors R8-R13 and capacitors C7-C9, a constant current source, low-pass filtering, envelope demodulation, full-wave rectification and a subtracter; the sensor is connected to a connector JK2 through a signal connecting component, and a constant current source provides a variable working current I to the sensor through a sampling resistor R8inThe voltage on the sampling resistor R8 changes with the temperature, vibration and impact of the object; the vibration and impact signals of the monitored object are continuous variables, are AC coupled to a buffer formed by an operational amplifier IC2B through a capacitor C7, and are subjected to low-pass filtering to extract a vibration signal Vout1Extracting an impact signal V after envelope demodulationout2Full-wave rectified to extract vibrationA dynamic impact signal direct current component; the temperature signal of the monitored object is a process variable and is superimposed with a sensor circuit quiescent current IqThe direct-current component of the vibration impact signal is firstly in direct-current coupling to a static current removing circuit formed by an operational amplifier IC2A and resistors R9-R13, wherein the resistor R11= R12, the resistor R10= R13, and the size of the resistor R9 is according to the static current I of the sensor circuitqSelecting, subtracting the direct current component of the vibration impact signal by a subtracter to obtain a temperature signal Vout3(ii) a Since the sensor shell is directly and electrically connected with the monitored object through the sensor mounting threads (1-7), in order to avoid repeated grounding, the shielding layer of the shielding twisted pair of the signal connecting component is connected to the constant current source ground through the connector JK 2.
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