CN112449975A - Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112449975A CN112449975A CN202011366606.9A CN202011366606A CN112449975A CN 112449975 A CN112449975 A CN 112449975A CN 202011366606 A CN202011366606 A CN 202011366606A CN 112449975 A CN112449975 A CN 112449975A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y10/00—Economic sectors
- G16Y10/05—Agriculture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y20/00—Information sensed or collected by the things
- G16Y20/10—Information sensed or collected by the things relating to the environment, e.g. temperature; relating to location
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y40/00—IoT characterised by the purpose of the information processing
- G16Y40/10—Detection; Monitoring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of Internet of things, wherein a meteorological environment monitoring system is used for controlling irrigation in a sweet cherry plantation, and the relative water content of soil is kept at (40-80) +/-5% from a hard core period to a mature period of the fruits of the sweet cherries. According to the method, the Internet of things technology is adopted to visualize each environmental data in the sweet cherry plantation, particularly the relative water content of soil, a scientific method is adopted for irrigation, and the traditional management mode of relying on experience and visual observation is separated, so that the fruit cracking rate is effectively reduced, and the fruit quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet cherry planting management, particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries, and particularly relates to the field of intelligent agriculture.
Background
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a plant of Prunus of Rosaceae, and is the earliest mature fresh fruit after Chinese cherry. The sweet cherry is rich in protein, vitamins, iron element, calcium element and the like, is rich in nutrition, and is green and healthy. The fruit also contains abundant antioxidant substances such as phenolic compounds and anthocyanidin, and has effects of preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. At present, sweet cherry cultivars in China mainly come from European and American countries, and are better cultivated in northern areas of China, such as Dalian, Taian, tobacco terrace and the like. In recent years, due to higher economic benefit and leisure value of sweet cherries, the production enthusiasm of fruit growers in south China is stimulated, and sweet cherry introduction and trial planting are gradually carried out by growers in south China such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai and the like.
Fruit cracking is a common physiological disease, the fruit cracking effect is easy to rot, pathogenic bacteria are bred, the appearance and the quality of the sweet cherries are seriously influenced, and the yield and the economic benefit are reduced. The factors influencing the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries are many, and the key factors causing the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries are that the water content and the air humidity of soil are increased instantly when the pulp of the sweet cherries meets precipitation weather during the rapid growth period. And the rainy season is longer in southern areas, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, so that the fruit cracking of the sweet cherry is serious, and the huge loss is caused. At present, the main measure for preventing and controlling the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries in southern areas is rain sheltering cultivation, however, the fruit cracking still occurs in large quantity under the rain sheltering cultivation condition.
Wisdom agriculture is with among the modern internet of things technology applied facility agriculture, the problem in the cultivation is planted in the help of the analysis. At present, fruit growers mostly judge the water content of soil by naked eyes and experience and irrigate orchards. Due to the influence of dew and other factors, the soil surface is wet, and the condition of 'dry and wet' appears. During irrigation, fruit growers cannot accurately control water amount, so that the change range of the water content of the soil is large. The application of the agricultural Internet of things in the cultivation of the sweet cherries can collect and monitor the planting environment in a plantation in real time, and is beneficial to improving the scientificity, accuracy and intelligence of the sweet cherry production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of providing a method for preventing and treating sweet cherry fruit cracking based on the Internet of things technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of the Internet of things, wherein a meteorological environment monitoring system (a multifunctional integrated meteorological environment monitoring system) is used for controlling irrigation in a sweet cherry plantation, and when the fruits of the sweet cherries enter a hard core period to a mature period, the relative water content of soil is kept at (40-80) ± 5%. The relative water content of the soil is preferably maintained at 40 + -5%.
The improvement of the method for preventing and treating the fruit cracking of the sweet cherry based on the technology of the Internet of things comprises the following steps: the cultivation of the sweet cherry adopts a rain sheltering cultivation mode.
The method for preventing and treating the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries based on the technology of the Internet of things is further improved as follows: the depth of a soil humidity sensor (a water sensor) in the meteorological environment monitoring system buried in soil is 30 +/-3 cm.
The depth corresponds to the root part of the sweet cherry.
The method for preventing and treating the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries based on the technology of the Internet of things is further improved as follows: the meteorological environment monitoring system is also responsible for monitoring the following environmental information of the sweet cherry plantation: air temperature, air humidity, illumination intensity, atmospheric pressure, and soil temperature.
The meteorological environment monitoring system can select a new generation NB-IoT multifunctional integrated meteorological environment monitoring system, and the system and the use method thereof are clearly informed in establishment and research of an IoT-based plant growth environment suitability model.
The data acquisition device of the new generation NB-IoT multifunctional integrated meteorological environment monitoring system comprises an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, an illumination intensity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a soil temperature sensor and a soil humidity sensor; the above sensors are all available in conventional commercially available forms. The power supply system has three modes of selective power supply modes, namely a solar power supply, an AC220V and an LI battery; the sensor can adopt any one of the power supply modes. The data transmitted by each sensor is received in real time through a wireless transmission system, stored in cloud data, transmitted to a mobile phone end or a computer end, displayed on a display screen and exported in a curve or table form. The controller of the meteorological environment monitoring system is in signal connection with the irrigation device; when the soil humidity sensor (moisture sensor) detects that the relative water content of the soil is less than or equal to 35%, the irrigation (small water irrigation) is carried out, and when the soil humidity sensor (moisture sensor) detects that the relative water content of the soil is more than or equal to 45%, the irrigation is stopped.
During actual use, the sweet cherry cultivation adopts a rain sheltering cultivation mode, the meteorological environment monitoring system is placed at the monitoring position of the sweet cherry plantation, the overall height is adjusted to the sweet cherry canopy height, and the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor (water sensor) are buried to the root system position (the depth is 30 +/-3 cm).
The method monitors all environmental data of the sweet cherry plantation in real time, focuses on researching the most important environmental factor affecting the fruit cracking of the sweet cherry, namely soil moisture (soil humidity), and carries out scientific irrigation according to the feedback of the soil humidity data, so that the fruit cracking rate is reduced, and the management level is improved.
The invention has the following technical advantages:
according to the method, the Internet of things technology is adopted to visualize each environmental data in the sweet cherry plantation, particularly the relative water content of soil, a scientific method is adopted for irrigation, and the traditional management mode of relying on experience and visual observation is separated, so that the fruit cracking rate is effectively reduced, and the fruit quality is improved.
The environmental data of air temperature, air humidity, illumination intensity, atmospheric pressure and soil temperature are only used as reference values, which is beneficial to searching the environmental law of sweet cherry growth, thereby further optimizing the cultivation measures.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The cultivation of the sweet cherry adopts a rain sheltering cultivation mode. A meteorological environment monitoring system is arranged at a monitoring position set in a sweet cherry plantation, the height of the meteorological environment monitoring system is adjusted to be the sweet cherry canopy height, and a soil temperature sensor and a soil humidity sensor (a water sensor) are buried to the root system position (the depth of 30 cm). After the system normally operates, all environmental data, particularly soil humidity, in the plantation are monitored in real time. When the water content of the soil is reduced, irrigating with small water. And (3) keeping the relative water content of the soil at a set content from the fruit entering a hard core period to a mature period. Through real-time data monitoring soil moisture content, when the relative water content of soil descends, the xiao shui sprays, treats data stabilization back, if the water content does not reach appointed level, continues the xiao shui and sprays until reaching appointed relative water content of soil.
In the following examples, the irrigation techniques are all established on the basis of conventional flower and fruit retention, pest control and timely harvest.
Examples 1,
Taking sweet cherry variety 'Summit' and cracked cherry variety 'Brukas' as examples, in the period from the hard pit stage to the mature stage, collecting each environmental factor in the plantation, respectively controlling the relative water content of the soil at 40%, and the upper and lower amplitudes are not more than 5%. Namely, a controller of the meteorological environment monitoring system is in signal connection with the irrigation device; when the soil humidity sensor (moisture sensor) detects that the relative water content of the soil is less than or equal to 35%, the irrigation (small water irrigation) is carried out, and when the soil humidity sensor (moisture sensor) detects that the relative water content of the soil is more than or equal to 45%, the irrigation is stopped.
In this embodiment, the hard core period is about 10 days after flower withering, and the mature period is about 40 days after flower withering.
This example was carried out at the sweet cherry test base of horticulture institute of agricultural science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 2020, from 21 st to 22 st at 3/month in 2020, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
TABLE 1 fruit dehiscence for two varieties
Example 2
Taking sweet cherry variety 'Summit' and cracked cherry variety 'Brukas' as examples, the method is implemented to collect various environmental factors in the plantation from the hard pit stage to the mature stage, and respectively controls the relative water content of soil at 60% and the upper and lower amplitudes do not exceed 5%. Namely, a controller of the meteorological environment monitoring system is in signal connection with the irrigation device; when the relative water content of the soil detected by the soil humidity sensor (water sensor) is less than or equal to 55%, the irrigation (small water irrigation) is carried out, and when the relative water content of the soil detected by the soil humidity sensor (water sensor) is more than or equal to 65%, the irrigation is stopped.
In this embodiment, the hard core period is about 10 days after flower withering, and the mature period is about 40 days after flower withering.
This example was carried out at the sweet cherry test base of horticulture institute of agricultural science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 2020, from 21 st to 22 st at 3/month in 2020, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
TABLE 2 fruit splitting of two varieties
Example 3
Taking sweet cherry variety 'Summit' and cracked cherry variety 'Brukas' as examples, the method is implemented to collect various environmental factors in the plantation from the hard pit stage to the mature stage, and respectively controls the relative water content of soil to be 80% and the upper and lower amplitudes to be not more than 5%. Namely, a controller of the meteorological environment monitoring system is in signal connection with the irrigation device; when the relative water content of the soil detected by the soil humidity sensor (water sensor) is less than or equal to 75 percent, the irrigation (small water irrigation) is carried out, and when the relative water content of the soil detected by the soil humidity sensor (water sensor) is more than or equal to 85 percent, the irrigation is stopped.
In this embodiment, the hard core period is about 10 days after flower withering, and the mature period is about 40 days after flower withering.
This example was carried out at the sweet cherry test base of horticulture institute of agricultural science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 2020, from 21 st to 22 st at 3/month in 2020, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
TABLE 3 fruit splitting of two varieties
Comparative example 1
Taking sweet cherry variety 'Summit' and cracked cherry variety 'Brukas' as examples, irrigation is carried out by adopting a conventional management mode from a hard kernel stage to a mature stage.
In this embodiment, the hard core period is about 10 days after flower withering, and the mature period is about 40 days after flower withering.
In this embodiment, the conventional management mode is based on the experience of the manager and the visual observation, and the spraying irrigation is performed when the surface soil is dry, and the spraying time is 60 minutes.
In the embodiment, the irrigation technology is established on the basis of flower and fruit preservation, pest control and timely harvest.
This example was carried out at the sweet cherry test base of horticulture institute of agricultural science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 2020, from 21 st to 22 st at 3/month in 2020, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
TABLE 4 fruit splitting of two varieties
The comparison of the above cases shows that the examples 1 to 3 can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate, wherein the effect of the example 1 is the most obvious, and therefore, the example 1 can be used as the best mode of the invention.
The method for preventing and treating the fruit cracking of the sweet cherries based on the Internet of things technology can datamation of the water content of soil, keep the water content of the soil stable in the key period of fruit development and has an obvious anti-cracking effect. Wherein the water content of the soil is controlled to be about 40 percent, the 'Sami threshing' fruit cracking rate is reduced by 18.7 percent, the 'Brukes' fruit cracking rate is reduced by 46.7 percent, and the fruit cracking rate is greatly reduced. According to the invention, the management of the sweet cherries is refined through the technology of the Internet of things, and the method has higher safety, scientificity and frontier. The application method of the invention is simple and convenient, has obvious effect and is easy to use and popularize.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the Internet of things technology uses a meteorological environment monitoring system to control irrigation in a sweet cherry plantation, and is characterized in that: and (3) keeping the relative water content of the soil at (40-80) +/-5% after the fruits of the sweet cherries enter a hard core period to a mature period.
2. The method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the relative water content of the soil is kept at 40 +/-5%.
3. The method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of the internet of things as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that:
the cultivation of the sweet cherry adopts a rain sheltering cultivation mode.
4. The method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of the internet of things as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the depth of the soil humidity sensor in the meteorological environment monitoring system buried in the soil is 30 +/-3 cm.
5. The method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on the technology of the Internet of things as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the meteorological environment monitoring system is also responsible for monitoring the following environmental information of the sweet cherry plantation: air temperature, air humidity, illumination intensity, atmospheric pressure, and soil temperature.
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| CN202011366606.9A CN112449975A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology |
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| CN202011366606.9A CN112449975A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002153147A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | National Agricultural Research Organization | Apparatus for preventing fruit cracking of cherry fruit and heating facility for cherry |
| CN204421963U (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of cherry orchard environmental parameter monitoring device |
| CN105427178A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽景徽菜篮子电子商务有限公司 | System for large cherry refined plantation management and method of same |
| CN106069465A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥润枝生态农业有限公司 | The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for |
| CN208335041U (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 四川艾欧特智能科技有限公司 | A kind of wisdom agricultural Internet of Things based on NB-IoT |
| CN209882740U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-01-03 | 陕西飞沃农林科技有限公司 | Intelligent irrigation control system based on NB-loT wireless network |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011366606.9A patent/CN112449975A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002153147A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | National Agricultural Research Organization | Apparatus for preventing fruit cracking of cherry fruit and heating facility for cherry |
| CN204421963U (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of cherry orchard environmental parameter monitoring device |
| CN105427178A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽景徽菜篮子电子商务有限公司 | System for large cherry refined plantation management and method of same |
| CN106069465A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥润枝生态农业有限公司 | The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for |
| CN208335041U (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 四川艾欧特智能科技有限公司 | A kind of wisdom agricultural Internet of Things based on NB-IoT |
| CN209882740U (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-01-03 | 陕西飞沃农林科技有限公司 | Intelligent irrigation control system based on NB-loT wireless network |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 孟瑜清等: "《樱桃栽培技术》", 31 October 2015 * |
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Application publication date: 20210309 |