CN112444472A - Experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in groundwater recharge process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in a groundwater recharge process, which is realized by an experimental device, wherein the experimental device comprises a gas injection pump, a water-gas mixer, a visual model, a differential pressure sensor and a pipeline; the gas injection pump injects gas into the pipeline, the water injection pump injects water into the pipeline, and the gas and the water enter the visual model together and flow out from the other side after being uniformly mixed in the water-gas mixer; the differential pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure difference on two sides of the visual model; the visual model included transparent micro-channels with pore diameters ranging from 0.1 μm to 100 μm to simulate the porosity of the subsurface aquifer. The invention utilizes a differential pressure sensor to quantitatively monitor and calculate the blocking degree of the micro-pore channel, utilizes a microscope high-speed image acquisition system to acquire the gas gathering and accumulating processes in the micro-pore channel of the visual model, and analyzes the influence of the pore structure on the gas phase blocking degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multiphase flow seepage experiments, in particular to a microscopic visual seepage experiment method for simulating the blockage of aquifer pores by bubbles in the groundwater recharge process.
Background
The artificial recharge of underground water is an effective method for underground water super-exploitation treatment and residual water regulation and storage. When water is injected into a well, a large amount of bubbles are carried in the water, and meanwhile dissolved gas in the water can be released due to changes of pressure and temperature; moreover, when water vertically falls from a wellhead through the recharge pipe under the action of gravity, the gravity acceleration enables the water flow in the recharge pipe to be discontinuous, negative pressure is generated, the recharge water is seriously vaporized, and soluble gas in the water is released to a certain extent; there may also be a large number of microorganisms in the recharge water which, under certain conditions, will undergo denitrification reactions and also produce gases, mainly consisting of nitrogen oxides and nitrogen. The gas in the recharge water occupies the pores of the aquifer during the transportation process, so that the permeability of the aquifer is reduced, and the recharge efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the problem of gas phase blockage is one of the most important factors for restricting the development and popularization of the manual recharge technology.
The existing research on gas phase blockage is mainly divided into two types, one is to calculate the influence of the gas phase blockage on the permeability coefficient based on a column groove experiment, the other is to observe the influence of the gas phase blockage on the groundwater recharge rate based on a field experiment, and the two types of research methods are very difficult to directly observe the migration of bubbles and the occurrence of blockage in an aquifer.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides an experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in a groundwater recharge process, which is used for realizing a gas-liquid two-phase microscopic visual seepage experiment.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
an experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in a groundwater recharge process is realized by designing an experimental device for simulating gas phase blockage in the groundwater recharge process;
the experimental device comprises a gas injection pump, a water-gas mixer, a visual model, a differential pressure sensor and a pipeline; the visual model comprises a water inlet side and a water outlet side; the gas injection pump injects gas into the pipeline, the water injection pump injects water into the pipeline, the pipeline is provided with the water-gas mixer, and the gas injected by the gas injection pump and the water injected by the water injection pump are mixed in the water-gas mixer to generate a water-gas mixture; the water-gas mixture enters the visual model from the water inlet side of the visual model through a pipeline and comes out from the water outlet side; two ends of the differential pressure sensor are respectively connected to the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the visual model and used for measuring the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the visual model; the visual model comprises transparent micro-pores, and the pore diameter of the micro-pores is 0.1-100 μm; two ends of the micro-fine pore passage are respectively connected with the water inlet side and the water outlet side; the visual model simulates a subterranean aquifer pore;
monitoring the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the visual model by using the differential pressure sensor, and quantitatively monitoring and calculating the blockage degree of the pores; and (3) acquiring the gas in real time in the gathering and accumulation processes of the gas in the micro pore channel of the visual model by using a microscope high-speed image acquisition system, and analyzing the influence of the pore structure on the gas phase blocking degree.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the visual model is made of glass, PMMA or PDMS; or the visual model comprises a glass block, and the micro-fine pore channels are etched in the glass block.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the visual model comprises two pieces of glass which are overlapped and bonded, wherein the two pieces of glass are respectively a bottom plate and a panel; the panel is provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, and the bottom plate is provided with a groove which is corroded; after the bottom plate and the panel are overlapped and bonded, the groove forms the micro-fine pore channel, and the starting end and the tail end of the micro-fine pore channel are respectively connected with the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole in the panel.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the micro-fine channel has any shape such as I-shape, U-shape, Y-shape, etc. which are continuously connected, and can be designed according to the requirement and the actual condition.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the water-gas mixer is internally provided with a screen for refining bubbles, so that the gas injected by the gas injection pump is refined into a plurality of micron-sized bubbles and is mixed into the water; the water-gas mixer is positioned at the front end of the water inlet side of the visual model, so that water-gas mixing and simultaneous injection are realized.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the fine pore canal is filled with underground sandy soil or core slices of the region to be investigated.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the experimental system further comprises a gas source supplying gas to the gas injection pump and a water source supplying water to the water injection pump.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas source is a gas cylinder and the water source is a water tank.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas cylinder is connected to the gas injection pump through a pipeline, and a gas pressure reducing valve and a gas pressure gauge are disposed on the pipeline.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the experimental system further comprises a gas-water separator, which is disposed on the water outlet side of the visual model and located at the rear end of the detection point of the differential pressure sensor; the gas-water mixture coming out of the visual model enters the gas-water separator to realize separation, the upper part of the gas-water separator is connected with the top of a sealed tank through a pipeline, water or non-water liquid is filled in the sealed tank, one end of a liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the sealed tank, the other end of the liquid discharge pipe is connected to a liquid discharge groove from the top of the sealed tank, and a weight sensor is arranged at the bottom of the liquid discharge groove and used for monitoring the gas outflow quantity at the outlet side of the visual model. In other embodiments, the amount of gas flowing from the visual model may be detected by installing a flow meter in the top gas delivery line of the gas-water separator.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the gas-water separator is provided with a water outlet which is connected to a water collecting tank, and the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a weight sensor for monitoring the water outflow on the outlet side of the visible model. In other embodiments, the amount of water flowing out of the visual model may be detected by installing a flow meter at the drain port of the gas-water separator.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection pump is a double plunger pump, and the water injection pump is a double plunger pump; the injection speed of gas or water is adjusted according to the experiment requirement, and the gas-liquid stable injection is ensured.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a back pressure pipeline is further arranged on the water outlet side of the visual model, and one end of the back pressure pipeline is connected to the rear end of the detection point of the differential pressure sensor and is arranged at the front end of the gas-water separator; the other end of the back pressure pipeline is connected to an air source; and a back pressure valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the back pressure pipeline. The back pressure pipeline is used for avoiding that the gas-water mixture flows through the tiny pore canal of the visual model too fast and the required experimental data is difficult to acquire due to overlarge pressure difference between two ends of the visual model (the pressure difference between the two ends of the visual model is controllable).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the experimental apparatus further comprises a control and calculation module, which is used for controlling the working parameters (power level and start-stop time) of the gas injection pump and the water injection pump, collecting data of the weight sensor, the differential pressure sensor, the barometer, the pressure gauge, and the like, and controlling the opening and closing of each valve; the control and calculation module also stores, arranges and calculates the acquired data, and exports or displays the calculation result in a chart form.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises the step of dyeing the water. The dyeing is preferably carried out by adopting water-soluble inorganic pigment which has little influence on the density, viscosity, surface tension and the like of water, so that the definition of image data acquired by a microscope high-speed image acquisition system is improved.
(III) advantageous effects
The experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in the groundwater recharge process can uniformly mix and inject trace gas and water, utilizes the micro-pore passage to simulate the pore of groundwater recharge, realizes the whole visual experiment of the migration process of water and gas phases in the pore due to the fact that the micro-pore passage is transparent, monitors the pressure difference at two ends of a visual model by means of a differential pressure sensor, quantitatively monitors the blockage degree of the micro-pore passage (pore) by using the pressure difference, and then utilizes a microscope high-speed image acquisition system to acquire the gas in the aggregation and accumulation process of the gas in the micro-pore passage in real time to analyze the influence of the pore structure on the gas phase blockage degree.
The experimental system can intuitively obtain the seepage characteristics of gas-liquid two phases in the aquifer and the micro mechanism of the gas blocking the pores of the aquifer in the groundwater recharge process. By combining ideal and actual aquifer characteristic conditions, seepage experiments with different gas-liquid ratios and different injection rates can be performed by adjusting the injection speed and the injection amount of gas and adjusting the injection speed and the injection amount of water, and the influences of a pore structure, a recharge mode and the like on recharge efficiency and the mechanism of gas-liquid distribution characteristics in pores and gas-phase blockage in the gas-liquid mixing and transporting process are investigated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating gas phase blockage in a groundwater recharge process according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a visual model in an experimental system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage during groundwater recharge provided by an embodiment of the present invention is an experimental apparatus designed by the present invention, and the experimental apparatus includes a gas bomb 11, a gas injection pump 12, a water tank 13, a water injection pump 14, a water-gas mixer 15, a visual model 16, a differential pressure sensor 17, a pipeline 18, a back pressure pipeline 19, a back pressure valve 191, a gas-water separator 20, a seal pot 21, a liquid discharge pipe 22, a liquid discharge tank 23, a water collection tank 24, a weight sensor 25, a gas pressure reducing valve 26, and a gas pressure gauge 27.
As shown in fig. 1, a gas cylinder 11 supplies gas to a gas injection pump 12, and a water tank 13 supplies water to a water injection pump 14. The gas injection pump 12 injects gas into the pipe 18 and the water injection pump 14 injects water into the pipe 18, the gas and water entering the water gas mixer 15 together to mix and produce a water gas mixture, which enters from the water inlet side 161 of the visible mold 16 and exits from the water outlet side 162. The differential pressure sensor 17 is connected to the water inlet side 161 and the water outlet side 162 of the visual model 16 at two ends, respectively, for measuring the pressure difference between the water inlet side 161 and the water outlet side 162 of the visual model 16, thereby quantifying the blockage in the visual model 16. The visual model 16 comprises a transparent micro-pore channel, two ends of the transparent micro-pore channel are respectively connected with a water inlet side 161 and a water outlet side 162, the aperture of the micro-pore channel is 0.1-100 μm (determined by experimental requirements), and the micro-pore channel is used for simulating the aperture in the rock soil for groundwater recharge. The visual model 16 can be made of high transparency (haze less than 3%) such as glass, PMMA or PDMS. Wherein, the water gas mixer 15 is provided with a screen mesh for refining bubbles, so that the gas injected by the gas injection pump 12 is refined into a plurality of micron-sized bubbles to be uniformly mixed into water, and the water gas mixer 15 is positioned at the front end of the water inlet side of the visual model 16. The water-gas mixer 15 is used for mixing gas and water uniformly according to a certain mixing ratio and then injecting the gas and the water into the visual model 16 together. The gas cylinder 11 is connected to the gas injection pump 12 by a pipe, and a gas pressure reducing valve 26 and a gas pressure gauge 27 are provided on their pipes, and a gas master valve may be further provided. The gas-water separator 20 is arranged on the water outlet side 162 of the visual model 16 and is positioned at the rear end of a detection point of the differential pressure sensor 17, a gas-water mixture coming out of the visual model 16 enters the gas-water separator 20 to realize separation, the upper part of the gas-water separator 17 is connected with the top of a seal tank 21 through a pipeline 18 (also provided with a collecting cover), the seal tank 21 is filled with water or non-water liquid, the bottom of the inner side of the seal tank 21 is provided with one end of a liquid discharge pipe 22, the other end of the liquid discharge pipe 22 is connected to a liquid discharge groove 23 from the top of the seal tank 21, and the bottom of the liquid discharge groove 23 is provided with a weight. The gas discharged from the gas-water separator 20 squeezes and discharges the liquid in the sealed tank 21 into the liquid discharge tank 23, and the liquid collected in the liquid discharge tank 23 is weighed by the weight sensor 25 to quantify the amount of the gas flowing out. The bottom of the gas-water separator 20 is further provided with a water outlet connected to the water collecting tank 24, and the bottom of the water collecting tank 24 is also provided with a weight sensor 25 for weighing the water collected in the water collecting tank 24 and quantifying the outflow of the water.
Preferably, the gas injection pump 12 is a double plunger pump, and the water injection pump 14 is a double plunger pump; to adjust the injection rate of gas or water according to experimental requirements.
A back pressure pipeline 19 is further arranged on the water outlet side of the visual model 16, one end of the back pressure pipeline 19 is connected to the water outlet side 162, is positioned at the rear end of the detection point of the differential pressure sensor 17 and is positioned at the front end of the gas-water separator 20, and the other end of the back pressure pipeline 19 is connected to a gas source. The back pressure pipeline 19 is also provided with a back pressure valve 191, a gas pressure reducing valve 26 and a gas pressure gauge 27. The back pressure pipeline 19 is used for preventing the gas-water mixture from flowing through the tiny pore canal of the visual model 16 too fast due to the overlarge pressure difference between two ends of the visual model 16 (the pressure difference between two ends of the visual model is controllable), and the microscope high-speed image acquisition system is difficult to acquire required experimental data.
Further, the experimental system of the present invention further includes a control and calculation module for controlling the working parameters (power level and start/stop time) of the gas injection pump 12 and the water injection pump 14, collecting data of the weight sensor 25, the differential pressure sensor 17, the barometer 27, the pressure meter, etc., and controlling the opening and closing of each valve, the opening degree, etc.
The invention provides an experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in the groundwater recharge process, namely, the experimental device is adopted, a differential pressure sensor 17 is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of a visual model 16, and the blockage degree is quantitatively monitored; a microscope high-speed image acquisition system is used for carrying out real-time image acquisition on the gas in the gathering and accumulation processes in the micro-fine pore channel of the visual model 16, and the influence of the pore structure on the gas phase blocking degree is analyzed.
In the experimental process, water can be dyed, such as ink dyeing, so that the definition of image data collected by the microscope high-speed image collection system is improved conveniently. Among them, water-soluble inorganic pigments having a very small influence on the density, viscosity, surface tension and the like of water are preferably used for dyeing.
Preferably, the experimental device designed by the invention further comprises a control and calculation module, which is used for controlling working parameters (power and start-stop time) of the gas injection pump and the water injection pump, collecting data of the weight sensor, the differential pressure sensor, the barometer, the pressure gauge and the like, and controlling the opening and closing of each valve; and meanwhile, the control and calculation module also stores, arranges and calculates the acquired data and exports or displays the calculation result in a chart form.
The significance of the experimental system of the invention is as follows: the seepage characteristics of gas-liquid two phases in the aquifer and the micro mechanism of gas blocking the pores of the aquifer in the groundwater recharge process can be obtained very intuitively. By combining ideal and actual aquifer characteristic conditions, seepage experiments with different gas-liquid ratios and different injection rates can be performed by adjusting the injection speed and the injection amount of gas and adjusting the injection speed and the injection amount of water, and the influences of a pore structure, a recharge mode and the like on recharge efficiency and the mechanism of gas-liquid distribution characteristics in pores and gas-phase blockage in the gas-liquid mixing and transporting process are investigated.
The visual model 16 is a key component for implementing the technical solution of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a visual model 16 in an experimental system.
The visual model 16 comprises two sheets of superimposed and bonded glass, a bottom sheet 16A and a face sheet 16B. The panel 16B has a water inlet 161A and a water outlet 162B, and the bottom plate 16B has a groove etched out. After the bottom plate 16B and the face plate 16A are overlapped and bonded, the groove is sealed by the face plate 16A to form a fine hole channel, and the starting end and the tail end of the fine hole channel are respectively connected with the water inlet hole 161A and the water outlet hole 162B on the face plate 16A.
In the invention, the micro-pore channel is in any shape of I shape, U shape, Y shape and the like which are continuously communicated, and the specific shape can be designed according to the requirement.
Besides the real-time mode of the two pieces of glass, the model can also be a whole piece of organic glass or other high-transparency polymer resin material blocks, and continuously communicated micro-pore channels can be etched in the model to prepare the visual model.
Preferably, in order to further improve the closeness of the simulation real situation of the experimental system, in some experiments, underground sandy soil or core slices of the region to be examined can be filled in the micro-pore channel.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental method for simulating gas phase blockage in a groundwater recharge process is characterized in that the experimental method is realized by designing an experimental device for simulating gas phase blockage in the groundwater recharge process;
the experimental device comprises a gas injection pump, a water-gas mixer, a visual model, a differential pressure sensor and a pipeline; the visual model comprises a water inlet side and a water outlet side; the gas injection pump injects gas into the pipeline, the water injection pump injects water into the pipeline, and the gas injected by the gas injection pump and the water injected by the water injection pump are mixed in the water-gas mixer to generate a water-gas mixture; the water-gas mixture enters the visual model from the water inlet side of the visual model and flows out from the water outlet side; the differential pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the visual model; the visual model comprises transparent micro-pores, and the pore diameter of the micro-pores is 0.1-100 μm; two ends of the micro-fine pore passage are respectively connected with the water inlet side and the water outlet side; the visual model simulates a subterranean aquifer pore;
monitoring the pressure difference between the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the visual model by using the differential pressure sensor, and quantitatively monitoring and calculating the blockage degree of the pores; and (3) acquiring the gas in real time in the gathering and accumulation processes of the gas in the micro pore channel of the visual model by using a microscope high-speed image acquisition system, and analyzing the influence of the pore structure on the gas phase blocking degree.
2. The experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that said visual model is made of glass, PMMA or PDMS; or the visual model comprises a glass block, the inside of the glass block is etched with the micro-pore channels, and the shapes of the micro-pore channels are designed according to requirements.
3. The experimental method of claim 2, wherein the visual model comprises two pieces of glass bonded together in superposition, the two pieces of glass being a bottom plate and a face plate, respectively; the panel is provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, and the bottom plate is provided with a groove which is corroded; after the bottom plate and the panel are overlapped and bonded, the groove forms the micro-pore channel; the starting end and the tail end of the micro-pore channel are respectively connected with the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole on the panel.
4. The experimental method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water gas mixer is provided with a screen for refining bubbles, so that the gas injected by the gas injection pump is refined into micron-sized bubbles and mixed into the water; the water-gas mixer is positioned at the front end of the water inlet side of the visual model.
5. The experimental method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine pore canal is filled with underground sand or core slice of the region to be investigated.
6. The assay method of claim 1, wherein the assay system further comprises a gas source supplying gas to the gas injection pump and a water source supplying water to the water injection pump; the gas source is a gas storage bottle, and the water source is a water tank; the gas storage bottle is connected with the gas injection pump through a pipeline, and a gas pressure reducing valve and a gas pressure meter are arranged on the pipeline.
7. The experimental method of claim 1, wherein the experimental system further comprises a gas-water separator disposed on the water outlet side of the visual model and located at the rear end of the detection point of the differential pressure sensor; the gas-water mixture coming out of the visual model enters the gas-water separator to realize separation, the upper part of the gas-water separator is connected with the top of a sealed tank through a pipeline, water or non-water liquid is filled in the sealed tank, one end of a liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the sealed tank, the other end of the liquid discharge pipe is connected to a liquid discharge groove from the top of the sealed tank, and a weight sensor is arranged at the bottom of the liquid discharge groove and used for monitoring the outflow of gas at the outlet side of the visual model.
8. The experimental method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bottom of the gas-water separator is further provided with a water outlet connected to a water collecting tank, and the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a weight sensor for monitoring the outflow of liquid at the outlet side of the visual model.
9. The experimental method of claim 1, wherein a back pressure pipeline is further arranged on the water outlet side of the visual model, and one end of the back pressure pipeline is connected to the rear end of the detection point of the differential pressure sensor and is arranged at the front end of the gas-water separator; the other end of the back pressure pipeline is connected to an air source; and a back pressure valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the back pressure pipeline.
10. The experimental method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a control and calculation module for controlling the working parameters of the gas injection pump and the water injection pump, collecting data of the weight sensor and the differential pressure sensor, storing, sorting and calculating the collected data, and exporting or displaying the calculation result in the form of a graph.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113216944A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-06 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Device and method for researching influence factors of deep bed rock recharge |
| US11428620B2 (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-08-30 | Southwest Petroleum University | High-temperature and high-pressure microscopic visual flowing device and experimental method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105547955A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 桂林理工大学 | Obstruction testing method for soil permeability under constant flow velocity |
| CN109932298A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-25 | 山东科技大学 | Micro-flows visual testing device and method under a kind of coupling |
| CN111504856A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-07 | 山东科技大学 | Rock mass fracture gas-liquid two-phase seepage experiment device and method |
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| CN104807825A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-07-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring supercritical carbon dioxide solubility performance based on micro visibility technology |
| CN105547955A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 桂林理工大学 | Obstruction testing method for soil permeability under constant flow velocity |
| CN109932298A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-25 | 山东科技大学 | Micro-flows visual testing device and method under a kind of coupling |
| CN111504856A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-07 | 山东科技大学 | Rock mass fracture gas-liquid two-phase seepage experiment device and method |
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| US11428620B2 (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-08-30 | Southwest Petroleum University | High-temperature and high-pressure microscopic visual flowing device and experimental method |
| CN113216944A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-06 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Device and method for researching influence factors of deep bed rock recharge |
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