CN112441694B - Ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purifying device - Google Patents
Ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purifying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112441694B CN112441694B CN201910799032.5A CN201910799032A CN112441694B CN 112441694 B CN112441694 B CN 112441694B CN 201910799032 A CN201910799032 A CN 201910799032A CN 112441694 B CN112441694 B CN 112441694B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 360
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000223935 Cryptosporidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243686 Eisenia fetida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000224466 Giardia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242678 Schistosoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultra-filtration coupling water purification device, which consists of a membrane pool group, an oxygenation pool, a water collecting pool, a raw water pipe, a spray emulsifying pipe, a water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution pipe and a controller, wherein the ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultra-filtration coupling water purification device is used for constructing a biological and ultra-filtration coupling action mode, and is operated under ultra-low pressure and low flux, inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water are efficiently removed by ultra-filtration, sudden water quality and water quantity changes are effectively treated, membrane pollution is controlled by biological action, so that a membrane system is operated under zero pollution flux, and water washing, air washing and chemical washing are not needed in operation, and long-term maintenance-free operation can be realized; when the concentration of the sudden pollutant exceeds the load of the equipment, the emergency backwashing function provided by the invention can effectively remove the membrane pollution and ensure the normal operation of the equipment; the membrane filtration and backwashing processes of the invention are carried out under the drive of gravity, power equipment such as electric power is not needed, the electricity consumption is saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the problems of insufficient operation funds and difficult guarantee of water quality of small-sized water plants in rural areas are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drinking water purification, and particularly relates to an ultra-low pressure gravity driving biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device.
Background
The system is limited by factors such as water source, topography, residence distribution, economic conditions and the like, a large number of small centralized water supply systems and distributed water supply systems taking villages as units exist in rural areas in China, and the water quality safety of the system is faced with serious challenges due to the factors such as scattered water source, small selectivity, poor water quality, high technical requirements of water purification and sterilization equipment, insufficient operation funds, weak professional technical force and the like. According to statistics, the existing rural water supply system in China basically adopts an integrated conventional treatment process, and has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable layout and small occupied area, but has a plurality of unavoidable problems: firstly, coagulant must be added into water in the conventional treatment process, in order to obtain good turbidity removal effect, accurate dosing is required, and the dosing amount of the coagulant and various operation parameters are timely adjusted along with the change of the water quality and the water quantity, so that a manager with higher professional skills is required to be equipped, but rural areas in remote areas do not have professional technical strength; secondly, the conventional coagulation-precipitation-filtration process cannot effectively intercept and remove pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, streptococcus faecalis, schistosome, red worms, giardia, cryptosporidium and the like, and the conventional medicament disinfection has poor effects on bacteria spores, two worms and the like with stronger virus and virus resistance; in addition, the treatment scale of the rural water plant is small, the water quality change is large, the rapid rise of the turbidity of raw water caused by storm, mountain torrents, typhoons and the like is difficult to be dealt with by the conventional process, the seasonal algae outbreak caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the lake water and the reservoir water is difficult to be dealt with, the sudden water quality and water quantity change caused by the rapid increase of the water demand caused by the increase of the population of returning to the rural area during the holiday is also one of the reasons that the integrated conventional treatment process generally fails in the rural small-sized water plant.
The ultrafiltration is used as a high-efficiency solid-liquid separation technology, can effectively remove particles, colloid and pathogenic microorganisms in water, has small occupied area, is convenient for integration and modularization application, and is an ideal small-sized centralized and decentralized water purification technology. However, the existing conventional ultrafiltration process generally adopts a high-pressure and high-flux operation mode, a compact filter cake layer is easily formed on the surface of the membrane, so that serious irreversible membrane pollution is caused, frequent water washing, air washing and medicine washing are required, a backwash pump, a medicine washing pump, a blower and the like are required to be equipped, so that equipment acquisition cost and operation cost are greatly improved, maintenance management and complexity are also caused, professional management personnel are required to be equipped, rural small-sized water plants are mostly managed by villages and villages, and the conditions of low maintenance management level, insufficient operation funds and lack of technical personnel generally exist, so that development of water treatment equipment suitable for rural water supply characteristics is urgently required.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purifying device which has a simple structure and low operation cost, can effectively intercept and remove inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water, and can cope with sudden water quality and water quantity changes common in rural areas, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device comprises a membrane pool group, an oxygenation pool, a water collecting pool, a raw water pipe, a spray emulsifying pipe, a water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution pipe and a controller, wherein the tops of the membrane pool group, the oxygenation pool and the water collecting pool are arranged at the same elevation, the raw water pipe is sequentially connected with the water distribution auxiliary pipe and the spray emulsifying pipe along the water inlet direction, the spray emulsifying pipe is horizontally arranged, the spray hole is positioned right above the oxygenation pool, the elevation difference between the spray hole and the top of the oxygenation pool is more than or equal to 0.3m, an overflow pipe is arranged at the position, 0.2m, of the side wall of the oxygenation pool is away from the top, the bottom of the oxygenation pool is connected with the water distribution pipe through the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the auxiliary water distribution pipe is provided with the auxiliary water distribution valve, the membrane pool group consists of more than 2 membrane pools, the bottom of the membrane tank is provided with a water inlet pipe and a mud discharging pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with a water distribution pipe, the mud discharging pipe is provided with a mud discharging valve, the side wall of the membrane tank is provided with a water outlet pipe, the elevation difference between the pipe top of the water outlet pipe and the pipe bottom of the overflow pipe is controlled to be 0.4-0.7 m, an ultrafiltration membrane component and a water collecting pipe are arranged in the membrane tank, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component is connected with the water collecting pipe, the water collecting pipe is communicated with the water collecting tank through the water outlet pipe, the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a blow-down pipe, the lower part of the side wall of the water collecting tank is provided with a water delivery pipe at a distance of 0.2m from the bottom, the water delivery pipe is sequentially provided with a water delivery valve and an intelligent water meter along the water delivery direction, and the intelligent water meter is respectively connected with the water inlet valve, the mud discharging valve, the auxiliary water distribution valve and the water delivery valve through a controller.
Further, the aperture of the spray hole of the spray emulsifying pipe is 4-10 mm, the flow rate of the orifice is 1.5-2.5 m/s, and the flow control valve is arranged on the spray emulsifying pipe and used for controlling the water inflow flow, so that the ultrafiltration membrane component operates under the set flux, and the optimal spray emulsifying oxygenation effect is obtained.
Further, an aerator is arranged in the aeration tank and is made of grid bars with the diameter of 5mm and the cross section of round, the axial distance of the grid bars is 10mm, the food grade 304 stainless steel tube, the PE tube or the PPR tube is made of the material, water drops falling from the spraying holes are splashed on the grid bars, and a water film is formed on the surface of the grid bars, so that the aeration effect is obtained.
Further, the ultrafiltration membrane component adopts a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and the membrane aperture is less than or equal to 0.03 mu m.
Further, a vent valve is arranged on the vent pipe.
Furthermore, the intelligent water strap is provided with an electrical isolation RS485 interface and comprises a MODBUS communication protocol, so that the instantaneous flow and the accumulated water yield can be read.
Furthermore, a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is established in the system, and under the conditions of no water washing, no air washing and no medicine washing, the membrane pollution is controlled by utilizing the biological action, so that the ultrafiltration membrane operates under the zero pollution flux, and the zero pollution flux selection principle of the invention is as follows: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 7-9L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and 2mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-7L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and 4mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-8L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and 2mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and 4mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-5L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 5 DEG C<15 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-6L/(m) 2 H), setting a heating device at the water temperature lower than 5 ℃.
Further, the normal operation comprises two processes of filtering and mud discharging, and the operation method of the filtering process comprises the following steps: the auxiliary distributing valve, the emptying valve and the mud discharging valve are kept closed, the water inlet valve and the water feeding valve are opened, raw water is sprayed through a spraying hole on the spraying emulsifying pipe and then enters an oxygenation pond, the oxygenation pond is further oxygenated by using an oxygenation device, the raw water is distributed to each membrane pond through the water distributing pipe, the raw water is filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane component under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, filtered water is collected to the water collecting pipe and flows into the water collecting pond through the water outlet pipe, the filtered water in the water collecting pond is sent out through the water feeding pipe, the intelligent water meter continuously records the instantaneous flow and the accumulated water yield, and transmits data to the controller, when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, the controller sends a series of instructions, the filtering process is ended, the mud discharging process is carried out, and the operation method of the mud discharging process is as follows: closing a water inlet valve of a membrane tank, simultaneously opening a mud discharging valve of the membrane tank, discharging accumulated mud in the membrane tank, then closing the mud discharging valve, simultaneously opening a water inlet valve of the membrane tank and an auxiliary water distributing valve, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane tank is recovered to be filtered, and then entering a mud discharging process of the next membrane tank until all the membrane tanks finish the mud discharging process.
Further, when sudden pollution occurs, an emergency backwashing function is started, and the operation method of the emergency backwashing is as follows: closing a water feeding valve, closing a water inlet valve of a membrane tank, simultaneously opening a mud discharging valve of the membrane tank to remove accumulated mud in the membrane tank, simultaneously continuously flowing water in the water collecting tank and filtered water of other membrane tanks into an ultrafiltration membrane component of the membrane tank under the drive of gravity, backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component, closing the mud discharging valve of the membrane tank after backwashing for a certain time, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve of the membrane tank and an auxiliary water distributing valve, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane tank is recovered to filter, backwashing the next membrane tank until all membrane tanks complete the backwashing process, and opening the water feeding valve.
The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purifying device has the advantages that:
1. the invention constructs a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode in the system, adopts an ultralow-pressure and low-flux operation mode, utilizes ultrafiltration to effectively intercept and remove inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water, utilizes biological action to control membrane pollution, enables the membrane system to operate under zero pollution flux, does not need water washing, gas washing and chemical washing, can operate without maintenance for a long time only by periodically discharging mud, and solves the problems of complex operation management and difficult water quality guarantee of rural small-sized water plants.
2. The invention has extremely strong water quality and water quantity impact resistance, and can effectively cope with sudden water quality and water quantity changes such as sudden rise of raw water turbidity caused by storm, torrential flood, typhoon and the like, seasonal algae burst caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water in lakes and reservoirs, frequent seasonal manganese exceeding standard in south areas, sudden increase of water quantity demand caused by increase of rural population during spring festival and the like.
3. The invention has the emergency backwashing function, and when sudden water pollution exceeds the normal sustainable pollution load of the equipment, the emergency backwashing function is started to rapidly remove the pollutants attached to the surface of the membrane, so that the normal operation of the equipment is ensured.
4. The membrane filtration process and the backwashing process are completed under the drive of gravity, electric power and other power are not needed to drive in the operation, the electricity consumption is saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the energy-saving benefit has important significance for rural water supply with insufficient operation funds and high water cost control requirement.
5. The invention is beneficial to realizing the standardization, modularization and automation of equipment, is convenient for factory production, field integral installation and quick production and use, and can realize the full-automatic operation of the filtration-mud discharge of the equipment by only opening and closing the water inlet valve, the mud discharge valve, the water supply valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve according to the treated water quantity in actual operation; when sudden pollution of the water source occurs, the emergency backwashing function is started by one key, so that pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane can be removed in time, and the normal operation of the equipment is ensured.
The invention overcomes the defects of complex maintenance and management, high operation cost and poor water quality and water impact resistance of the conventional integrated treatment process and the conventional ultrafiltration process, is suitable for being used in small water plants in villages and particularly in distributed water supply systems in remote areas, and ensures the sanitation and safety of village drinking water.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. raw water pipe 2, flow control valve 3, spray emulsion pipe 4, oxygenation tank 5, overflow pipe 6, water distribution pipe 7, water inlet pipe 8, water inlet valve 9, mud discharge pipe 10, mud discharge valve 11, membrane tank 12, ultrafiltration membrane module 13, water collection pipe 14, water outlet pipe 15, water collection tank 16, water supply pipe 17, water supply valve 18, intelligent water meter 19, blow-down pipe 20, blow-down valve 21, controller 22, auxiliary water distribution pipe 23, auxiliary water distribution valve 24, oxygenation device
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention comprises two processes of filtering and mud discharging during normal operation, and the operation method of the filtering process is as follows: the auxiliary distributing valve 23, the emptying valve 20 and the mud discharging valve 10 are kept closed, the water inlet valve 8 and the water supply valve 17 are kept open, raw water enters the oxygenation pond 4 after being sprayed and aerated through the spraying holes on the spraying emulsifying pipe 3, the oxygenation is further carried out in the oxygenation pond by using the oxygenation device 24, and then the raw water is distributed to each membrane pond 11 through the distributing pipe 6, inorganic, organic and biological particles in the raw water are efficiently removed through the ultrafiltration membrane component 12 under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, the filtered water is collected into the water collecting pipe 13 and flows into the water collecting pond 15 through the water outlet pipe 14, when the water level of the water collecting pond 15 rises to the pipe orifice of the water supply pipe 16, the filtered water is sent out through the water supply pipe 16, the intelligent water meter 18 continuously records the instantaneous flow and the accumulated water yield, and the data are transmitted to the controller 21. As the water yield increases, the accumulated dirt in the membrane tank 11 gradually increases, and when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, the controller 21 sends a series of instructions, the system enters a mud discharging process, and the operation method of the mud discharging process is as follows: closing the water inlet valve 8 of one membrane tank 11, simultaneously opening the mud discharging valve 10 thereof, discharging the accumulated mud in the membrane tank 11, then closing the mud discharging valve 10 of the membrane tank 11, completing the mud discharging process of the membrane tank 11, opening the water inlet valve 8 of the membrane tank 11 and the auxiliary water distributing valve 23, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane tank 11 is recovered for filtration, and then performing the mud discharging process of the next membrane tank 11 until all the membrane tanks 11 complete the mud discharging process.
If water source burst pollution occurs in operation, which leads to the concentration of pollutants exceeding the pollution load borne by the equipment, the emergency backwashing function can be started to remove the pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane, and the operation method of the emergency backwashing is as follows: closing the water feeding valve 17, stopping water feeding, keeping other membrane tanks 11 to normally operate, closing only the water inlet valve 8 of one membrane tank 11, simultaneously opening the mud discharging valve 10 of the membrane tank 11 to remove mud accumulated in the membrane tank 11, simultaneously continuously flowing filtered water in the water collecting tank 15 and filtered water of the other membrane tank 11 into the ultrafiltration membrane component 12 of the membrane tank 11 under the driving of gravity, and backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component 12, wherein the backwashing flux can reach 48L/(m) 2 H), backwashing for 2min, and closing the membrane tank 11, a mud valve 10 is used for finishing backwashing of the membrane tank 11, a water inlet valve 8 and an auxiliary water distribution valve 23 of the membrane tank 11 are opened, water is rapidly supplemented until the membrane tank 11 is recovered to be filtered, then the backwashing process of the next membrane tank 11 is carried out until all the membrane tanks 11 are subjected to the backwashing process, a water supply valve 17 is opened, and water supply is recovered.
Example 1:
raw water is obtained from reservoir water in a region of south, and total bacteria count is 2.3X10 2 ～1.7×10 3 The total coliform group is 5-8 coliform bacteria/100 mL, the turbidity is 3.8-5.5 NTU, COD mn 1-1.5 mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 20m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 200 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 2 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.7mX0.8mX2.0m, the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the internal installation aperture of 0.03 mu m, the structural size of the oxygenation pool 4 is 0.4mX0.5mX0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting pool 15 is 0.5X1 m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the mud discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the water delivery pipe 16 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe 19 is DN50, 17 spray holes are arranged on the spray emulsification pipe 3, the hole diameter is 4mm, the hole flow rate is 1.5m/s, the hole is positioned at the position of 0.3m above the top of the oxygenation pool, the pipe top of the water outlet pipe 14 is the pipe and the pipe bottom of the overflow pipe 5 is 0.5m, the water temperature is controlled to be greater than or equal to 23 ℃ during the experimental membrane in the period of 23 ℃ and the water temperature is designed to be greater than or equal to 7m 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 9L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 12 months, and the turbidity of the effluent of the membrane tank is always the same<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
When seasonal manganese exceeds standard during operation, the manganese content reaches 1.2mg/L, so that the concentration of pollutants exceeds the pollution load normally borne by the equipment, an emergency backwashing function is started, manganese pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane are timely removed, and the normal operation of the equipment is ensured.
Example 2:
raw water is obtained from reservoir water in a region of south, and total bacteria count is 2.3X10 2 ～1.7×10 3 The total coliform group is 5-8 coliform bacteria/100 mL, the turbidity is 3.8-5.5 NTU, COD mn 1-1.5 mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 20m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 200 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 2 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.7mX0.8mX2.0m, the internal installation aperture is 0.03 mu m, the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12, the structural size of the oxygenation pool 4 is 0.4mX0.5mX0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting pool 15 is 0.5X0.5X1 m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the mud discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the water delivery pipe 16 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe 19 is DN50, 12 spray holes are arranged on the spray emulsification pipe 3, the hole diameter is 4mm, the hole flow rate is 1.5m/s, the hole is positioned at the position 0.3m above the top of the oxygenation pool, the pipe top of the water outlet pipe 14 is the pipe and the pipe bottom is 0.385 m, the difference between the pipe height of the water outlet pipe and the overflow pipe is 0.385 is 0.5m, the temperature is controlled between the experimental temperature and the experimental membrane is designed to be between 15L and 15 ℃ at the temperature of 6L 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 8L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 20 months, and the turbidity of the effluent of the membrane tank is always the same<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Example 3:
raw water is obtained from river water in a place in the south, and the total number of bacteria is 4.8X10 2 ～5.7×10 3 The total coliform group is 10-25 coliform bacteria/100 mL, the turbidity is 1.8-4.5 NTU, COD mn The water quality index is 3.2mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 100m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 1000 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 8 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75mx1.0mx2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed in the membrane pool 11, the structural size of an oxygenation pool 4 is 0.5mx0.75mx0.5mx0.5m, the structural size of a water collecting pool 15 is 0.5x0.75x1 m, the pipe diameter of a raw water pipe 1 is DN40, the pipe diameter of a water distribution pipe 6 is DN40, the pipe diameter of an auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN40, the pipe diameter of a water inlet pipe 7 is DN40, the pipe diameter of a water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a mud discharge pipe 9 is DN63, the pipe diameter of a water supply pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of an overflow pipe 5 is DN63, the pipe diameter of a blow-down pipe 19 is DN63, 7 spray holes are arranged on a spray emulsification pipe 3, the diameter of the orifice is 10mm, the orifice flow rate is 2.1m/s, the hole is positioned at the position 0.5m above the top of the oxygenation pool, the pipe height difference between the pipe top of the water outlet pipe 14 and the pipe bottom of the oxygenation pool is 0.7m, the water temperature is controlled to be greater than or equal to 23 ℃ during the experimental membrane water temperature is designed to be greater than or equal to 23L in an experimental membrane 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 7L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 20 months, and the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
The turbidity of raw water is increased sharply caused by storm during operation, the turbidity reaches 1300NTU at the highest, and by shortening the mud discharge interval, the equipment is kept to operate at the set zero pollution flux, and the effluent reaches the standard.
Example 4:
raw water is obtained from river water in a place in the south, and the total number of bacteria is 4.8X10 2 ～5.7×10 3 The total coliform group is 10-25 coliform bacteria/100 mL, the turbidity is 1.8-4.5 NTU, COD mn The water quality index is 3.2mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 100m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 1000 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 8 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75mx1.0mx2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed in the membrane pool, and the structural size of the oxygenation pool 4 is that0.5mX0.75mX0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting tank 15 is 0.5X0.75X1 m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the mud discharging pipe 9 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the water conveying pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the blow-down pipe 19 is DN63, 7 spray holes are arranged on the spray emulsifying pipe 3, the diameter of the orifice is 10mm, the flow velocity of the orifice is 2.1m/s, the position of the spray holes is 0.5m above the top of the oxygenation tank, the elevation difference between the pipe top of the water outlet pipe 14 and the pipe bottom of the overflow pipe 5 is 0.7m, the temperature of the control film Chi Nashui is 15-22 ℃ during experiments, and the film flux is designed to be 5L/(m/m) 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 24 months, and the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Example 5:
raw water is obtained from reservoir water in northern area, and total bacteria count is 7.9X10 3 ～2.7×10 4 The total coliform group is 1.0X10 per mL 2 ～2.2×10 2 Every 100mL, the turbidity is 4.8-7.5 NTU, COD mn 5.3mg/L, 0.8mg/L total phosphorus (P) and 1.1mg/L total nitrogen (N). Other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class III source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 50m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 500 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 4 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75mx1.0mx2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed inside, the structural size of an oxygenation pool 4 is 0.5mx0.75mx0.5m, the structural size of a water collecting pool 15 is 0.5x0.75x1 m, the pipe diameter of a raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a mud discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a water delivery pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of an overflow pipe 5 is DN50, 12 spray holes are arranged on a spray emulsifying pipe 3, and the hole diameter is the hole diameterThe flow rate of the orifice is 5mm, the flow rate of the orifice is 2.5m/s, the spray hole is positioned at the position 0.5m above the top of the oxygenation pond, the elevation difference between the pipe top of the water outlet pipe 14 and the pipe bottom of the overflow pipe 5 is 0.4m, the water temperature in the membrane pond is controlled to be more than or equal to 23 ℃ during the experiment, and the membrane flux is designed to be 5L/(m) 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 15 months, and the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Seasonal algae burst caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution during operation, an emergency backwash function is started, algae pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane are timely removed, and normal operation of equipment is ensured.
Example 6:
raw water is obtained from water cellar water in northwest region, and total bacteria count is 1.9X10 2 ～2.7×10 3 The total coliform group is 1.0X10 per mL 2 ～2.5×10 2 Every 100mL, the turbidity is 1.8-2.5 NTU, COD mn The water quality index is 3.3mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water of surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838).
Design Scale of the plant 50m 3 And/d, the water consumption requirement of about 500 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 4 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75mx1.0mx2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed in the membrane pool 11, the structural size of an oxygenation pool 4 is 0.5mx0.75mx0.5mx0.5m, the structural size of a water collecting pool 15 is 0.5x0.75x1 m, the pipe diameter of a raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a mud discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of an overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a blow-down pipe 19 is DN50, 12 spray holes are arranged on a spray emulsification pipe 3, the hole diameter is 5mm, the hole flow rate is 2.5m/s, the hole diameter is 0.5m above the top of the oxygenation pool, the pipe top of the overflow pipe 14 and the pipe bottom of the oxygenation pool is 0.4m, the water temperature in the experimental period is controlled to be 15L/(L5 m) in the membrane is designed to be 15 m in the experimental period of 4 ℃ and the experimental membrane is 2 H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m) 2 H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 9 months, and the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always that<0.1NTU, total bacteria is not detected, total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Claims (6)
1. An ultra-low pressure gravity driving biological ultrafiltration coupling water purifying device for rural water works treatment comprises a membrane pool group, an oxygenation pool, a water collecting pool, a raw water pipe, a spray emulsifying pipe, a water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution pipe and a controller, and is characterized in that:
the top of the membrane pool group, the oxygenation pool and the water collecting pool are arranged at the same elevation, the raw water pipe is sequentially connected with the water distribution auxiliary pipe and the spray emulsifying pipe along the water inlet direction, the spray emulsifying pipe is horizontally arranged, the elevation difference between the spray hole and the top of the oxygenation pool is more than or equal to 0.3m, the overflow pipe is arranged at the position, which is 0.2m away from the top, of the side wall of the oxygenation pool, the bottom of the oxygenation pool is connected with the raw water pipe through the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the auxiliary water distribution valve is arranged on the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the membrane pool group consists of more than 2 membrane pools, the bottom of the membrane pool is provided with a water inlet pipe and a mud discharging pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet valve and is connected with the water distribution pipe, the mud discharging pipe is provided with a mud discharging valve, the side wall of the membrane pool is provided with a water outlet pipe, the elevation difference between the pipe top of the water outlet pipe and the pipe bottom of the overflow pipe is controlled to be 0.4-0.7 m, the ultrafiltration membrane component and the water collecting pipe are arranged in the membrane pool, the ultrafiltration membrane component is connected with the water collecting pipe through the water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is communicated with the pool, the bottom of the water collecting pool is provided with the water discharging pipe, the bottom of the membrane is provided with the empty pipe, the water inlet pipe is arranged at the position, which is 0.2m away from the bottom of the water outlet pipe is respectively, the water meter is sequentially connected with the intelligent water distribution valve and the intelligent water delivery valve and the water delivery valve;
the aperture of the spray hole of the spray emulsifying pipe is 4-10 mm, the flow rate of the orifice is 1.5-2.5 m/s, and the flow control valve is arranged on the spray emulsifying pipe and is used for controlling the water inflow flow, so that the ultrafiltration membrane component operates under the set flux, and the optimal spray emulsifying oxygenation effect is obtained;
is used for removing inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water and can cope with sudden water quality and water quantity changes in rural areas;
the aerator is arranged in the aeration tank, the aerator is made of grid bars with the diameter of 5mm and the cross section of round, the axial distance of the grid bars is 10mm, the aerator is made of food grade 304 stainless steel tubes, PE tubes or PPR tubes, water drops falling from spray holes are splashed on the grid bars, and a water film is formed on the surface of the grid bars, so that the aeration effect is obtained.
2. The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device for rural water works treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrafiltration membrane component adopts a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and the membrane aperture is less than or equal to 0.03 mu m.
3. The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device for rural water works treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the blow-down pipe is provided with a blow-down valve.
4. The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device for rural water works treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the intelligent water watchband is provided with an electrical isolation RS485 interface and comprises a MODBUS communication protocol, and the intelligent water watchband supports the reading of instantaneous flow and accumulated water yield.
5. The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device for rural water works treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is established in the system, and under the operation modes of no water washing, no air washing and no medicine washing, the membrane pollution is controlled by utilizing the biological action, so that the ultrafiltration membrane operates under the zero pollution flux, and the zero pollution flux selection principle of the invention is as follows: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 7-9L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and 2mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-7L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and 4mg/L<COD mn Zero when the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/LThe pollution flux is 5-6L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-8L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and 2mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 15 DEG C<23 ℃, and 4mg/L<COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-5L/(m) 2 H) a step of; when the temperature is less than or equal to 5 DEG C<15 ℃, and COD mn When the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-6L/(m) 2 H), setting a heating device at the water temperature lower than 5 ℃.
6. The ultra-low pressure gravity driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device for rural water works treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the normal operation comprises two processes of filtering and mud discharging, and the operation method of the filtering process comprises the following steps: the auxiliary distributing valve, the emptying valve and the mud discharging valve are kept closed, the water inlet valve and the water feeding valve are opened, raw water is sprayed through a spraying hole on the spraying emulsifying pipe and then enters an oxygenation pond, the oxygenation pond is further oxygenated by using an oxygenation device, the raw water is distributed to each membrane pond through the water distributing pipe, the raw water is filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane component under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, filtered water is collected to the water collecting pipe and flows into the water collecting pond through the water outlet pipe, the filtered water in the water collecting pond is sent out through the water feeding pipe, the intelligent water meter continuously records the instantaneous flow and the accumulated water yield, and transmits data to the controller, when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, the controller sends a series of instructions, the filtering process is ended, the mud discharging process is carried out, and the operation method of the mud discharging process is as follows: closing a water inlet valve of a membrane tank, simultaneously opening a mud discharging valve of the membrane tank, discharging accumulated mud in the membrane tank, then closing the mud discharging valve, simultaneously opening a water inlet valve and an auxiliary water distributing valve of the membrane tank, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane tank is recovered to be filtered, and then entering a mud discharging process of the next membrane tank until all the membrane tanks are finished in the mud discharging process;
when sudden pollution occurs, an emergency backwashing function is started, and the operation method of the emergency backwashing function comprises the following steps: closing a water feeding valve, closing a water inlet valve of a membrane tank, simultaneously opening a mud discharging valve of the membrane tank to remove accumulated mud in the membrane tank, simultaneously continuously flowing water in the water collecting tank and filtered water of other membrane tanks into an ultrafiltration membrane component of the membrane tank under the drive of gravity, backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component, closing the mud discharging valve of the membrane tank after backwashing for a certain time, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve of the membrane tank and an auxiliary water distributing valve, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane tank is recovered to filter, backwashing the next membrane tank until all membrane tanks complete the backwashing process, and opening the water feeding valve.
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