CN112441694A - Ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device - Google Patents
Ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112441694A CN112441694A CN201910799032.5A CN201910799032A CN112441694A CN 112441694 A CN112441694 A CN 112441694A CN 201910799032 A CN201910799032 A CN 201910799032A CN 112441694 A CN112441694 A CN 112441694A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 350
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 20
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269328 Amphibia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223935 Cryptosporidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243686 Eisenia fetida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000224466 Giardia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242678 Schistosoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004666 bacterial spore Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
An ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device comprises a membrane pool group, an oxygenation pool, a water collecting pool, a raw water pipe, a spraying emulsification pipe, a water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution pipe and a controller, wherein a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is constructed, the biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is operated under ultra-low pressure and low flux, inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water are efficiently removed by ultrafiltration, sudden water quality and water quantity changes are effectively responded, membrane system is operated under zero pollution flux by using biological action to control membrane pollution, and water washing, gas washing and chemical washing are not needed in operation, so that long-term maintenance-free operation can be realized; when the concentration of the sudden pollutants exceeds the load of the equipment, the emergency backwashing function of the device can effectively remove membrane pollution and ensure the normal operation of the equipment; the membrane filtration and backwashing processes are carried out under the driving of gravity, power equipment such as electric power and the like is not needed, the power consumption is saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the problems that the operation fund of small-sized rural water plants is insufficient and the water quality is difficult to guarantee are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drinking water purification, and particularly relates to an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device.
Background
The water quality safety of rural areas in China is severely challenged due to various factors such as water source dispersion, low selectivity, poor water quality, high technical requirement difficulty of water purification and sterilization equipment, insufficient operation capital, weak professional technical strength and the like. According to statistics, the existing rural water supply system in China basically adopts an integrated conventional treatment process, and has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable layout and small occupied area, but has a plurality of unavoidable problems: firstly, in the conventional treatment process, coagulant must be added into water, accurate addition of a medicament is required to obtain a good turbidity removal effect, and the dosage and various operation parameters of the medicament are adjusted in time along with the change of water quality and water quantity, so that a manager with higher professional skills needs to be equipped, but rural areas in remote areas do not have professional skill; secondly, the conventional coagulation-precipitation-filtration process cannot effectively intercept and remove pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, streptococcus faecalis, schistosome, red worm, giardia, cryptosporidium and the like, and the conventional medicament has poor effects of disinfecting bacterial spores, amphibia and the like with strong virus and virus resistance; in addition, the treatment scale of the rural water plant is small, the water quality change is large, the conventional process is difficult to deal with sudden water quality and water quantity changes such as rapid increase of raw water turbidity caused by rainstorm, torrential flood, typhoon and the like, seasonal algae outbreak caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of lake and reservoir water, and sudden water quality and water quantity change such as rapid increase of water demand caused by increase of population going to the countryside during holidays, and the process is also one of the reasons for general failure of the integrated conventional treatment process in the rural small-sized water plant.
As an efficient solid-liquid separation technology, ultrafiltration can effectively remove particles, colloids and pathogenic microorganisms in water, has small occupied area, is convenient for integration and modular application, and is an ideal small-sized centralized and distributed water purification technology. However, the conventional ultrafiltration process usually adopts a high-pressure and high-flux operation mode, a compact filter cake layer is easily formed on the surface of the membrane, so that serious irreversible membrane pollution is caused, frequent water washing, gas washing and drug washing are required, a backwashing pump, a drug washing pump, an air blower and the like are required to be arranged, the purchase cost and the operation cost of equipment are greatly increased, maintenance management is extremely complex, professional managers are required to be arranged, small rural water plants are managed by villagers, the situations of low maintenance management level, insufficient operation fund and shortage of technical talents generally exist, and therefore, development of some water treatment equipment suitable for rural water supply characteristics is urgently needed.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device which has simple structure and low operating cost, can efficiently intercept and remove inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water, and can cope with the common sudden water quality and water quantity change in rural areas, and adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device comprises a membrane pool group, an oxygenation pool, a water collecting pool, a raw water pipe, a spraying emulsification pipe, a water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution pipe and a controller, wherein the tops of the membrane pool group, the oxygenation pool and the water collecting pool are arranged at the same elevation, the raw water pipe is sequentially connected with the water distribution auxiliary pipe and the spraying emulsification pipe along the water inlet direction, the spraying emulsification pipe is horizontally arranged, a spraying hole is arranged right above the oxygenation pool, the height difference between the spraying hole and the top of the oxygenation pool is more than or equal to 0.3m, an overflow pipe is arranged at the position of 0.2m away from the top of the side wall of the oxygenation pool, the bottom of the oxygenation pool is connected with the water distribution pipe through the auxiliary water distribution pipe, an auxiliary water distribution valve is arranged on the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the membrane pool group is composed of more than 2 membrane pools, a water inlet pipe and a sludge discharge pipe are arranged at the bottom of the membrane pools, a, the side wall of the membrane pool is provided with a water outlet pipe, the height difference between the top of the water outlet pipe and the bottom of the overflow pipe is controlled to be 0.4-0.7 m, an ultrafiltration membrane component and a water collecting pipe are arranged inside the membrane pool, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component is connected with the water collecting pipe, the water collecting pipe is communicated with the water collecting pool through the water outlet pipe, the bottom of the water collecting pool is provided with a vent pipe, the lower part of the side wall of the water collecting pool is provided with a water supply pipe at a distance of 0.2m from the bottom, the water supply pipe is sequentially provided with a water supply valve and an intelligent water meter along the water supply direction, and the intelligent water meter is.
Furthermore, the aperture of a spraying hole of the spraying emulsifying pipe is 4-10 mm, the flow rate of the hole is 1.5-2.5 m/s, and a flow control valve is arranged on the spraying emulsifying pipe and used for controlling the inflow, so that the ultrafiltration membrane component operates at a set flux and the optimal spraying emulsifying oxygenation effect is obtained.
Furthermore, an aerator is arranged in the aeration tank and is made of grid bars with the diameter of 5mm and the circular section, the axial distance of the grid bars is 10mm, the material is a food-grade 304 stainless steel pipe, a PE pipe or a PPR pipe, water drops falling from the spraying holes are splashed on the grid bars, and a water film is formed on the surfaces of the grid bars, so that the aeration effect is obtained.
Furthermore, the ultrafiltration membrane component adopts a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and the membrane aperture is less than or equal to 0.03 mu m.
Furthermore, an emptying valve is arranged on the emptying pipe.
Furthermore, the intelligent water meter is provided with an electrical isolation RS485 interface, contains an MODBUS communication protocol and supports reading of instantaneous flow and accumulative water yield.
Furthermore, a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is established in the system, and the pollution of the ultrafiltration membrane is controlled by using biological action under the conditions of no water washing, no gas washing and no drug washing, so that the ultrafiltration membrane operates under the condition of zero pollution flux, and the zero pollution flux selection principle of the invention is as follows: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 7-9L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and the COD is more than 2mg/LmnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-7L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and 4mg/L is more than CODmnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-8L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD is more than 2mg/LmnWhen the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD is more than 4mg/LmnWhen the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-5L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 5 ℃ and less than 15 ℃, and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-6L/(m)2H) a heating device is required to be arranged at the water temperature lower than 5 ℃.
Further, the normal operation comprises two processes of filtering and sludge discharging, and the operation method of the filtering process comprises the following steps: keeping an auxiliary water distribution valve, an emptying valve and a mud discharge valve closed, opening a water inlet valve and a water delivery valve, injecting raw water through a spray hole on a spray emulsification pipe, then entering an oxygenation tank, further oxygenating by using an oxygenator in the oxygenation tank, then distributing the oxygenated water to each membrane tank through a water distribution pipe, filtering the raw water through an ultrafiltration membrane component under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, collecting the filtered water to a water collection pipe, flowing the filtered water into the water collection tank through a water outlet pipe, delivering the filtered water of the water collection tank through the water delivery pipe, continuously recording instantaneous flow and accumulated water yield by an intelligent water meter, transmitting data to a controller, and when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, sending a series of instructions by the controller, finishing the filtering process and entering a mud discharge process, wherein the operation method of the mud discharge process comprises the: closing a water inlet valve of one membrane pool, simultaneously opening a mud discharge valve of the membrane pool, discharging accumulated mud in the membrane pool, then closing the mud discharge valve, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve of the membrane pool, rapidly replenishing water until the filtration of the membrane pool is recovered, and then entering the mud discharge process of the next membrane pool until all the membrane pools finish the mud discharge process.
Further, when sudden pollution occurs, an emergency backwashing function is started, and the operation method of the emergency backwashing comprises the following steps: closing the water feeding valve, closing the water inlet valve of one membrane pool, simultaneously opening the mud valve of the membrane pool, removing accumulated mud in the membrane pool, meanwhile, continuously flowing filtered water in the water collecting pool and filtered water of other membrane pools into the ultrafiltration membrane component of the membrane pool under the driving of gravity, backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component, closing the mud valve of the membrane pool after backwashing lasts for a certain time, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve of the membrane pool, rapidly replenishing water until the membrane pool recovers filtering, then backwashing the next membrane pool until all the membrane pools finish backwashing, and opening the water feeding valve.
The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device has the advantages that:
1. the invention constructs a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode in the system, adopts an ultra-low pressure and low flux operation mode, utilizes ultrafiltration to efficiently intercept and remove inorganic and organic particles and pathogenic microorganisms in water, utilizes biological action to control membrane pollution, enables the membrane system to operate under zero pollution flux, does not need water washing, gas washing and chemical washing, only needs periodic sludge discharge, can operate without maintenance for a long time, and solves the problems of complicated operation management and difficult water quality guarantee of rural small-scale water plants.
2. The invention has strong water quality and water quantity impact resistance, and can effectively deal with sudden water quality and water quantity changes such as rapid rise of raw water turbidity caused by rainstorm, torrential flood, typhoon and the like, seasonal algae outbreak caused by water nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in lakes and reservoirs, frequent seasonal manganese exceeding in south areas, and sudden increase of water quantity demand caused by increase of population going to the countryside in spring festival.
3. The emergency backwashing water purifier has the emergency backwashing function, and when sudden water quality pollution exceeds the normal bearable pollution load of equipment, the emergency backwashing function is started to quickly remove pollutants attached to the surface of a membrane, so that the normal operation of the equipment is guaranteed.
4. The membrane filtration process and the backwashing process are both completed under the gravity drive, electric power and other power drive are not needed in the operation, the power consumption is saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the energy-saving benefit of the invention has important significance for rural water supply with insufficient operation capital and high water use cost control requirement.
5. The invention is beneficial to realizing the standardization, modularization and automation of equipment, is convenient for factory manufacture, integral field installation and quick production and use, and in actual operation, the full-automatic operation of filtering and mud discharging of the equipment can be realized only by opening and closing the water inlet valve, the mud discharging valve, the water feeding valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve according to the treated water quantity; when the sudden water source pollution occurs, the emergency backwashing function is started by one key, so that pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane can be removed in time, and the normal operation of equipment is guaranteed.
The invention overcomes the defects of complex maintenance and management, high operating cost, poor water quality resistance and poor water impact resistance of the conventional integrated treatment process and the conventional ultrafiltration process, is suitable for being used in rural small-sized water plants, particularly distributed water supply systems in remote areas, and ensures the sanitary safety of drinking water of villagers.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. raw water pipe 2, flow control valve 3, spraying emulsification pipe 4, oxygenation tank 5, overflow pipe 6, distribution pipe 7, water inlet pipe 8, water inlet valve 9, mud discharge pipe 10, mud discharge valve 11, membrane tank 12, ultrafiltration membrane component 13, water collection pipe 14, water outlet pipe 15, water collection tank 16, water delivery pipe 17, water delivery valve 18, intelligent water meter 19, blow-down pipe 20, blow-down valve 21, controller 22, auxiliary distribution pipe 23, auxiliary distribution valve 24, oxygenator
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention comprises two processes of filtering and mud discharging when in normal operation, and the operation method of the filtering process comprises the following steps: keeping the auxiliary water distribution valve 23, the blow-down valve 20 and the mud valve 10 closed, keeping the water inlet valve 8 and the water delivery valve 17 open, spraying and aerating raw water through the spray holes on the spray emulsification pipe 3, then entering the aeration tank 4, further aerating in the aeration tank by using the aerator 24, then distributing the raw water to each membrane tank 11 through the water distribution pipe 6, filtering the raw water through the ultrafiltration membrane assembly 12 at a low flux under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, efficiently removing inorganic, organic and biological particles in the water, collecting the filtered water to the water collection pipe 13, then flowing into the water collection tank 15 through the water outlet pipe 14, when the water level of the water collection tank 15 rises to the pipe orifice of the water delivery pipe 16, delivering the filtered water through the water delivery pipe 16, continuously recording the instantaneous flow and the accumulated water yield by the intelligent water meter 18, and transmitting the data to the. Along with the increase of the water yield, the accumulated dirt in the membrane tank 11 is gradually increased, when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, the controller 21 sends a series of instructions, the system enters a sludge discharge process, and the operation method of the sludge discharge process is as follows: closing the water inlet valve 8 of one membrane pool 11, simultaneously opening the mud discharging valve 10, discharging accumulated mud in the membrane pool 11, then closing the mud discharging valve 10 of the membrane pool 11, completing the mud discharging process of the membrane pool 11, opening the water inlet valve 8 and the auxiliary water distribution valve 23 of the membrane pool 11, rapidly supplementing water until the membrane pool 11 recovers filtration, and then performing the mud discharging process of the next membrane pool 11 until all the membrane pools 11 complete the mud discharging process.
If sudden water source pollution occurs during operation, the concentration of pollutants exceeds the pollution load which can be borne by equipment, an emergency backwashing function can be started, and pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane are removed, wherein the operation method of the emergency backwashing comprises the following steps: closing the water feeding valve 17, stopping water feeding, keeping the other membrane pools 11 normally running, only closing the water feeding valve 8 of one membrane pool 11, simultaneously opening the sludge discharge valve 10 of the membrane pool 11, discharging accumulated sludge in the membrane pool 11, meanwhile, continuously flowing filtered water in the water collecting pool 16 and the filtered water of the other membrane pools 11 into the ultrafiltration membrane component 12 of the membrane pool 11 under the driving of gravity, and backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component 12The back washing flux can reach 48L/(m)2H), backwashing lasts for 2min, the mud valve 10 of the membrane pool 11 is closed, backwashing of the membrane pool 11 is completed, the water inlet valve 8 and the auxiliary water distribution valve 23 of the membrane pool 11 are opened, water is rapidly supplemented until the membrane pool 11 recovers filtering, then backwashing of the next membrane pool 11 is carried out until all the membrane pools 11 complete backwashing, and the water supply valve 17 is opened to recover water supply.
Example 1:
the raw water is taken from reservoir water in certain southern area, and the total number of bacteria is 2.3 × 102～1.7×103One per mL, 5-8 total coliform bacteria per 100mL, turbidity of 3.8-5.5 NTU, CODmn1-1.5 mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838).
Design scale of the apparatus 20m3And d, the water demand of about 200 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 2 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.7m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the pore diameter of 0.03 mu m is arranged in the membrane pool, the structural size of an oxygenation pool 4 is 0.4m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of a water collecting pool 15 is 0.5 multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of a raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water outlet pipe 14 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a water supply pipe 16 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a vent pipe 19 is DN50, 17 spraying holes are arranged on a spraying pipe 3, the pore diameter of the pore opening is 4mm, the pore opening flow rate is 1.5m/s, the spraying holes are positioned above the top of the aeration pool, the water temperature difference between the top of the aeration pipe 14 and the bottom, the membrane flux is designed to be 7L/(m)2H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 9L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 12 months, the turbidity of the effluent of the membrane pool is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also reach the limit value requirements of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
The seasonal manganese exceeds the standard during operation, the manganese content reaches 1.2mg/L, the pollutant concentration exceeds the pollution load normally borne by the equipment, the emergency backwashing function is started, the manganese pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane are removed in time, and the normal operation of the equipment is guaranteed.
Example 2:
the raw water is taken from reservoir water in certain southern area, and the total number of bacteria is 2.3 × 102～1.7×103One per mL, 5-8 total coliform bacteria per 100mL, turbidity of 3.8-5.5 NTU, CODmn1-1.5 mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of class II source water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838).
Design scale of the apparatus 20m3And d, the water demand of about 200 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 2 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.7m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the pore diameter of 0.03 mu m is arranged in each membrane pool 11, the structural size of an oxygenation pool 4 is 0.4m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of a water collecting pool 15 is 0.5 multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of a raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a water outlet pipe 14 is DN32, the pipe diameter of a sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a water supply pipe 16 is DN32, the pipe diameter of an overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe diameter of a vent pipe 19 is DN50, 12 spraying holes are arranged on a spraying pipe 3, the pore diameter of the pore opening is 4mm, the pore opening flow rate is 1.5m/s, the spraying holes are positioned above the top of the aeration pool, the water temperature difference between the top of the aeration pipe 14 and the bottom, the membrane flux is designed to be 6L/(m)2H), the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 8L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 20 months, the turbidity of the effluent of the membrane pool is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also reach the limit value requirements of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Example 3:
the raw water is taken from river water in certain area of south, and the total number of bacteria is 4.8 multiplied by 102～5.7×103One per mL, 10-25 per 100mL of total coliform group, 1.8-4.5 NTU turbidity and CODmn3.2mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the requirement of surface waterEnvironmental quality Standard (GB3838) Limit requirements for class II Source Water.
Design scale of the apparatus 100m3And d, the water demand of about 1000 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 8 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75m multiplied by 1.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed in the membrane pool, the structural size of the aeration pool 4 is 0.5m multiplied by 0.75m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting pool 15 is 0.5 multiplied by 0.75 multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the vent pipe 19 is DN63, 7 spraying holes are arranged on the spraying emulsification pipe 3, the hole diameter is 10mm, the hole opening flow rate is 2.1m/s, the water temperature is 0.5m above the top of the aeration pool, the water temperature difference between the top of the overflow pipe 14 and the bottom, the membrane flux is designed to be 6L/(m)2H) the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 7L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 20 months, the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit value requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
The turbidity of raw water is increased sharply caused by rainstorm in the operation period, the highest turbidity reaches 1300NTU, and the equipment is kept to operate under the set zero pollution flux by shortening the sludge discharge interval, so that the effluent reaches the standard.
Example 4:
the raw water is taken from river water in certain area of south, and the total number of bacteria is 4.8 multiplied by 102～5.7×103One per mL, 10-25 per 100mL of total coliform group, 1.8-4.5 NTU turbidity and CODmn3.2mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of II-class source water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838).
Design scale of the apparatus 100m3And d, the water demand of about 1000 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 8 membrane pools 11, and the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is placed in the aeration tank 4, the structural size of the aeration tank 4 is 0.5m multiplied by 0.75m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting tank 15 is 0.5 x 0.75m multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN63, the pipe diameter of the air discharge pipe 19 is DN63, 7 spraying holes are arranged on the emulsifying spraying pipe 3, the hole diameter is 10mm, the hole flow rate is 2.1m/s, the spraying holes are located at the position 0.5m above the top of the aeration tank, the height difference between the top of the control membrane 14 and the bottom of the overflow pipe 5 is 0.7.2H), the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 24 months, the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also meet the limit value requirement of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Example 5:
the raw water is obtained from reservoir water in northern region, and the total number of bacteria is 7.9 × 103～2.7×104Each mL, total coliform group is 1.0 × 102～2.2×102100mL, turbidity of 4.8-7.5 NTU, CODmn5.3mg/L, total phosphorus (as P) 0.8mg/L, total nitrogen (as N) 1.1 mg/L. Other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirements of class III source water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838).
Design Scale of apparatus 50m3And d, the water demand of about 500 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 4 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75m multiplied by 1.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is arranged in the membrane pool, the structural size of the oxygenation pool 4 is 0.5m multiplied by 0.75m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting pool 15 is 0.5 multiplied by 0.75 multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe 16 is DN40, and the pipeThe pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe is DN50, the pipe diameter of the emptying pipe 19 is DN50, 12 spraying holes are arranged on the spraying emulsifying pipe 3, the diameter of an orifice is 5mm, the flow rate of the orifice is 2.5m/s, the spraying holes are positioned 0.5m above the top of the aeration tank, the height difference between the top of the water outlet pipe 14 and the bottom of the overflow pipe 5 is 0.4m, the water temperature in the control membrane tank is more than or equal to 23 ℃ during the experiment, and the designed membrane flux is 5L/(m/(m) m2H), the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 15 months, the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also reach the limit value requirements of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
The emergency backwashing function is started when seasonal algae outbreak caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is encountered during the operation, algae pollutants attached to the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane are removed in time, and the normal operation of the equipment is ensured.
Example 6:
the raw water is taken from water cellar water in certain area in northwest of China, and the total number of bacteria is 1.9 multiplied by 102～2.7×103Each mL, total coliform group is 1.0 × 102～2.5×102100mL, turbidity of 1.8-2.5 NTU, CODmn3.3mg/L, and other water quality indexes meet the limit value requirement of II-class source water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838).
Design Scale of apparatus 50m3And d, the water demand of about 500 people in rural areas can be met. The membrane pool group consists of 4 membrane pools 11, the structural size of each membrane pool 11 is 0.75m multiplied by 1.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane component 12 with the aperture of 0.02 mu m is arranged in the membrane pool, the structural size of the aeration pool 4 is 0.5m multiplied by 0.75m multiplied by 0.5m, the structural size of the water collecting pool 15 is 0.5 multiplied by 0.75 multiplied by 1m, the pipe diameter of the raw water pipe 1 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water distribution pipe 6 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the auxiliary water distribution pipe 22 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 7 is DN32, the pipe diameter of the water outlet pipe 14 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the sludge discharge pipe 9 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe 16 is DN40, the pipe diameter of the overflow pipe 5 is DN50, the pipe diameter of the vent pipe 19 is DN50, 12 spraying holes are arranged on the spraying emulsification pipe 3, the hole opening diameter is 5mm, the hole opening flow rate is 2.5m/s, the spraying holes are positioned above the top of the aeration poolThe height difference between the two membranes is 0.4m, the water temperature in the membrane pool is controlled to be 5-15 ℃ during the experiment, and the designed membrane flux is 4L/(m)2H), the maximum membrane flux during operation can reach 6L/(m)2H), the system operates under zero pollution flux, the equipment continuously operates for 9 months, the turbidity of the effluent after the membrane is always less than 0.1NTU, the total number of bacteria is not detected, the total coliform bacteria is not detected, and other indexes also reach the limit value requirements of sanitary Standard for Drinking Water GB 5749-1985.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling purifier, comprises membrane tank group, oxygenation pond, catch basin, former water pipe, spraying emulsion pipe, water distribution pipe, supplementary water distribution pipe and controller, its characterized in that:
the top of the membrane pool group, the top of the aeration pool and the top of the water collecting pool are arranged at the same elevation, the raw water pipe is sequentially connected with the water distribution auxiliary pipe and the spraying emulsification pipe along the water inlet direction, the spraying emulsification pipe is horizontally arranged, the spraying hole is positioned right above the aeration pool, the height difference between the spraying hole and the top of the aeration pool is more than or equal to 0.3m, the overflow pipe is arranged at the position of the side wall of the aeration pool, which is 0.2m away from the top, the bottom of the aeration pool is connected with the water distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe is connected with the raw water pipe through the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the auxiliary water distribution valve is arranged on the auxiliary water distribution pipe, the membrane pool group is composed of more than 2 membrane pools, the bottom of each membrane pool is provided with a water inlet pipe and a sludge discharge pipe, the water inlet pipe is arranged on the water inlet pipe and is connected with the water distribution pipe, the sludge discharge valve is arranged on the sludge discharge pipe, the side wall of each, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component is connected with a water collecting pipe, the water collecting pipe is communicated with a water collecting tank through a water outlet pipe, the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a blow-down pipe, the lower part of the side wall of the water collecting tank is provided with a water delivery pipe at a position 0.2m away from the bottom, the water delivery pipe is sequentially provided with a water delivery valve and an intelligent water meter along the water delivery direction, and the intelligent water meter is respectively connected with a water inlet valve, a mud valve, an auxiliary water distribution valve and.
2. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: the spraying emulsifying pipe is characterized in that the aperture of a spraying hole of the spraying emulsifying pipe is 4-10 mm, the flow rate of an orifice is 1.5-2.5 m/s, and the spraying emulsifying pipe is provided with a flow control valve for controlling the inflow, so that an ultrafiltration membrane component operates at a set flux and the optimal spraying emulsifying oxygenation effect is obtained.
3. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: the oxygen increasing device is arranged in the oxygen increasing tank and is made of grid bars with the diameter of 5mm and the circular sections, the axial distance of the grid bars is 10mm, the oxygen increasing device is made of food-grade 304 stainless steel pipes, PE pipes or PPR pipes, water drops falling from the spraying holes splash on the grid bars, and water films are formed on the surfaces of the grid bars, so that the oxygen increasing effect is achieved.
4. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: the ultrafiltration membrane component adopts a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and the membrane aperture is less than or equal to 0.03 mu m.
5. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: and the emptying pipe is provided with an emptying valve.
6. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent water meter is provided with an electrical isolation RS485 interface, contains an MODBUS communication protocol and supports reading of instantaneous flow and accumulative water yield.
7. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: a biological and ultrafiltration coupling action mode is established in the system, and the ultrafiltration membrane is enabled to operate under zero pollution flux by controlling membrane pollution by using biological action in an operation mode of no water washing, no gas washing and no medicine washing, wherein the zero pollution flux selection principle of the invention is as follows: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 7-9L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and the COD is more than 2mg/LmnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-7L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ and 4mg/L is more than CODmnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 2mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 6-8L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD is more than 2mg/LmnWhen the concentration is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 5-6L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than 23 ℃, and the COD is more than 4mg/LmnWhen the concentration is less than or equal to 6mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-5L/(m)2H); when the water temperature is more than or equal to 5 ℃ and less than 15 ℃, and the COD ismnWhen the flux is less than or equal to 4mg/L, the zero pollution flux is 4-6L/(m)2H) a heating device is required to be arranged at the water temperature lower than 5 ℃.
8. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: the normal operation comprises two processes of filtering and sludge discharge, and the operation method of the filtering process comprises the following steps: keeping an auxiliary water distribution valve, an emptying valve and a mud discharge valve closed, opening a water inlet valve and a water delivery valve, injecting raw water through a spray hole on a spray emulsification pipe and then entering an oxygenation tank, further oxygenating the raw water in the oxygenation tank by using an oxygenator, distributing the oxygen to each membrane tank through a water distribution pipe, filtering the raw water through an ultrafiltration membrane component under the driving of ultra-low pressure gravity, collecting the filtered water to a water collecting pipe, flowing the filtered water into the water collecting tank through a water outlet pipe, delivering the filtered water in the water collecting tank through the water delivery pipe, continuously recording instantaneous flow and accumulated water yield by an intelligent water meter, transmitting data to a controller, and when the accumulated water yield reaches a set value, sending a series of instructions by the controller, finishing the filtering process and entering a mud discharge process, wherein the operation method of the mud discharge process comprises: closing a water inlet valve of one membrane pool, simultaneously opening a mud discharge valve of the membrane pool, discharging accumulated mud in the membrane pool, then closing the mud discharge valve, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve of the membrane pool, rapidly replenishing water until the filtration of the membrane pool is recovered, and then entering the mud discharge process of the next membrane pool until all the membrane pools finish the mud discharge process.
9. The ultra-low pressure gravity-driven biological ultrafiltration coupling water purification device of claim 1, wherein: when sudden pollution occurs, an emergency backwashing function can be started, and the operation method of the emergency backwashing function comprises the following steps: closing the water feeding valve, closing the water inlet valve of one membrane pool, simultaneously opening the mud valve of the membrane pool, removing accumulated mud in the membrane pool, meanwhile, continuously flowing filtered water in the water collecting pool and filtered water of other membrane pools into the ultrafiltration membrane component of the membrane pool under the driving of gravity, backwashing the ultrafiltration membrane component, closing the mud valve of the membrane pool after backwashing lasts for a certain time, simultaneously opening the water inlet valve and the auxiliary water distribution valve of the membrane pool, rapidly replenishing water until the membrane pool recovers filtering, then backwashing the next membrane pool until all the membrane pools finish backwashing, and opening the water feeding valve.
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