CN112427145A

CN112427145A - Flotation separation method for galena and pyrite

Info

Publication number: CN112427145A
Application number: CN202011183694.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高志勇; 吴云霞; 张晚佳; 蒋旭; 曹建; 孙伟; 胡岳华
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2020-10-29
Filing date: 2020-10-29
Publication date: 2021-03-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-29
Also published as: CN112427145B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of mineral flotation, and particularly discloses a flotation separation method of galena and pyrite, which adopts a compound with an ionization formula 1 structure as a flotation collector to perform flotation on mixed ores containing the galena and the pyrite, and separates the mixed ores to obtain concentrate enriched with the galena and tailings enriched with the pyrite. The technical scheme of the invention has excellent galena and pyrite flotation selectivity, and in addition, the flotation reagent has the advantage of low toxicity, so that the cost of subsequent beneficiation wastewater treatment is greatly reduced, and the concept of green mines is met.

Description

Flotation separation method for galena and pyrite

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of mineral flotation, and particularly relates to a method for selectively separating galena and pyrite based on a flotation means.

Background

Galena is the lead mineral which is most widely distributed and is the most important mineral raw material for refining lead. Pyrite is the most widely distributed sulphide mineral and is also the main raw material for the production of sulphuric acid. And the galena ore is often associated with pyrite, the properties of the two are similar, the separation is difficult, and the pyrite is often doped in the galena concentrate product, so that the grade of the galena concentrate product is seriously influenced, and troubles are caused to the subsequent smelting link.

The separation of lead-iron sulphide minerals is carried out in the most efficient and most common way at the present stage by flotation, which is a beneficiation process that selectively separates according to differences in the physicochemical properties of the mineral surfaces. The flotation effect depends to a large extent on the use of flotation agents, in particular flotation collectors. One of the main problems which bother the flotation of the sulfide minerals at the present stage is that active sites used for collecting agent molecule adsorption on the surfaces of the galena and the pyrite are metal cations, and the common collecting agents of the sulfide minerals at the present stage, such as xanthate collecting agents, have similar action strength on the surfaces of the galena and the pyrite, so that the separation is difficult to realize. At present, various inhibitors are often added to inhibit pyrite to realize separation of lead-iron sulfide minerals in the industry, but the addition of the inhibitors can cause certain influence on flotation of target minerals, and not only can increase extra manpower and material resource consumption and bring adverse effect to the environment, so that the development of a means for realizing efficient separation of galena and pyrite without the need of the inhibitors has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flotation separation method of galena and pyrite, which realizes high-selectivity flotation separation of the galena and the pyrite through innovative application of a special medicament.

The flotation separation of galena and pyrite is one of the worldwide problems. The existing medicament is difficult to specifically identify the two and realize high-selectivity separation of the two. Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a flotation separation method of galena and pyrite adopts a compound which can be ionized into a formula 1 as a flotation collector, and performs flotation on mixed ore containing the galena and the pyrite to obtain concentrate enriched with the galena and tailings enriched with the pyrite;

r is cyano, C₁-C₉Alkyl of (C)₃-C₉Cycloalkyl, propenyl, ethynyl, phenyl, benzyl or benzyloxy; wherein, the aromatic ring of the phenyl, benzyl and benzyloxy can be allowed to have a substituent.

Aiming at the technical problems that the galena and the pyrite are similar in properties, poor in selectivity in the flotation process and difficult to separate efficiently, the invention innovatively discovers that the compound of the formula 1 is adopted as the galena selective collector, so that the galena can be accidentally identified and collected specifically, the pyrite is basically not collected, the high-selectivity flotation separation of the galena and the pyrite can be realized without an inhibitor and other auxiliary collectors, and the recovery rate and the grade of the galena are improved.

The research of the invention discovers that the-SO of the collector with the formula 1₃ ^-The combined control of the group, the substitution mode of the benzene para-position and the R substituent group type is the key for realizing intramolecular synergy and improving the separation selectivity of galena and pyrite. Research also finds that on the basis of the structure of the formula 1, the R substituent is further controlled, so that the flotation selectivity of the galena and the pyrite is further improved, and the recovery rate and the grade of the galena are further improved.

In the R of the invention, the alkyl can be a straight chain or branched chain alkyl. The cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having three to six carbon atoms, or a bridged ring or spiro cycloalkyl group having six or more carbon atoms. In the alkene carbon and the alkyne group, the unsaturated carbon can be directly connected with a benzene ring, such as ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl and the like, and in addition, the unsaturated carbon can also be connected with the benzene ring through saturated carbon; such as allyl, propargyl, and the like. In addition, in the R of the invention, the aromatic ring (benzene ring) of the phenyl, benzyl and benzyloxy can also have a substituent, and the substituent is C for example₁～C₃Alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, etc.

Preferably, R is cyano or C₁-C₆Alkyl of (C)₃-C₆Alkenyl, phenyl, ethynyl or benzyl.

Further preferably, R is cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, propenyl, allyl, phenyl, benzyl or benzyloxy.

More preferably, R is C₁-C₅Alkyl or propenyl group.

Most preferably, R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, isobutyl or propenyl. It has been found that the preferred substituents contribute to further improving the flotation selectivity of galena and other minerals and to improving the flotation recovery as well as the grade of the galena.

In the invention, the flotation collector is at least one of any water-soluble acid and salt which can be ionized into an ionic state of formula 1 theoretically, for example, the flotation collector is at least one of compounds of formula 2:

in formula 2, M isⁿ⁺Is a cation; wherein n is a cation valence, preferably an integer of 1 or 2; m is H or a metal element; preferably, M isⁿ⁺Is H⁺、Zn²⁺、NH₄ ⁺、Na⁺、K⁺At least one of (1).

In the invention, in the flotation process, the flotation reagent can be in an ionic state or a non-ionic state.

In the present invention, the flotation process of the present invention can be carried out using existing means and equipment.

Preferably, in the present invention, the mixed ore is pulverized and slurried to obtain an ore slurry, and a flotation agent containing the flotation collector is added to the ore slurry to perform flotation.

In the invention, the crushing and size mixing processes can be realized by adopting the existing means and equipment.

Preferably, the particle size of the crushed mineral is 0.0740-0.0374 mm; the concentration of the pulp is preferably 35-40%.

Preferably, the flotation reagent further comprises a foaming agent. According to the invention, under the action of the flotation collector, galena can be enriched into foam concentrate based on a foam flotation mode, and the pyrite remains in tailings, so that the efficient separation of the galena and the tailings is realized.

The blowing agent of the present invention may be any material known in the industry for foaming. Preferably, the foaming agent is at least one of 2# oil, terpineol and MIBC.

In the invention, the combined control of the using amount of the flotation collecting agent, the pH value in the flotation process and the using amount of the flotation collecting agent is beneficial to further exerting the specific selectivity of the compound shown in the formula 1 between the galena and the pyrite and further improving the flotation recovery rate and grade of the galena.

Preferably, the pH value in the flotation process is 4-10; preferably 6-9; more preferably 6.5 to 7.5. It was found that at the preferred pH, the flotation selectivity of galena and pyrite can be surprisingly further improved, contributing to further improvement of the galena recovery as well as the grade.

Preferably, the flotation collector in the pulp is floated in the flotation processThe dosage is not less than 1 × 10^-5mol/L (i.e. the amount of flotation collector used per 1L pulp is not less than 1X 10^-5moL); preferably greater than or equal to 1.5X 10^-4mol/L; more preferably 2 to 8X 10^-4mol/L; more preferably 5 to 8X 10^-4mol/L. It was found that at the preferred concentration, the flotation selectivity of galena and pyrite can be surprisingly further improved, contributing to further improvement of the galena recovery as well as the grade.

The invention also provides a flotation reagent for selectively separating galena and pyrite, which comprises the flotation collector and also selectively comprises a foaming agent. Preferably, the flotation agent consists of the compound of formula 1 and a foaming agent. The flotation collector is a compound capable of ionizing the structure of the formula 1, and is more preferably a compound of the formula 2. According to the technical scheme, due to the specific selectivity of the flotation collector with the structure in galena and pyrite, excellent flotation selectivity can be obtained without an inhibitor and a conventional auxiliary collector.

Advantageous effects

1. According to the invention, researches show that the flotation collector with the structural formula 1 can specially identify and collect galena in the mixed ore of the galena and the pyrite, and can realize high-selectivity separation of the galena and the pyrite without an inhibitor and an auxiliary collector.

2. The invention finds that the combined control of the R substitution position and the R substitution type is beneficial to further improving the flotation selectivity of galena and other minerals and further improving the recovery rate and grade of the galena.

3. The research of the invention also finds that the control of the pH value in the flotation process and the using amount of the flotation collecting agent is beneficial to further improving the flotation selectivity of the galena and the pyrite and further improving the collection rate and the grade of the galena. In addition, the flotation reagent used in the invention is easy to obtain, the flotation condition is mild, the influence on the environment is low, the wastewater treatment pressure is low, and the method conforms to the current concept of green mines.

Drawings

Table 1 raw grade and origin of the minerals used in the examples;

FIG. 1 is a flotation scheme used in the examples;

FIG. 2 is a graph of recovery data for example 1;

table 2 is a table of recovery data for example 1;

FIG. 3 is a graph of recovery data for example 2;

table 3 is a table of recovery data for example 2;

FIG. 4 is a chart of recovery and ranking data for example 3;

table 4 is a table of recovery and grade data for example 3;

table 5 is a table of recovery, grade and separation efficiency data for example 4;

table 6 is a table of the recovery, grade and separation efficiency data of comparative example 1;

Detailed Description

The effect of the present invention is illustrated by taking single minerals of galena and pyrite and mixed sulfide minerals of galena-pyrite (lead-iron mixed sulfide minerals) as an example. The following cases, except where specifically stated, the composition of the minerals employed are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 original grade and origin of minerals

Example 1

In order to verify the separation effect of the flotation collector in the embodiment in each component of sulfide minerals, galena in south of the lake or pyrite concentrate in north of the lake (the components are shown in table 1) is adopted, the flow shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the flotation collector or potassium butylxanthate in the embodiment is used as the collector to perform flotation on different sulfide minerals, the flotation process parameters in each group of cases are the same, and only the difference is that the types of the flotation sulfide minerals are different, so that the flotation and separation effects of the flotation collector in the embodiment are compared.

The compound of formula 1-1 is used as a collecting agent (added according to the dosage of the medicament specified in table 2), 2# oil is used as a foaming agent (25 muL/L), potassium butyl xanthate is used as a contrast collecting agent, and the dosage of the potassium butyl xanthate is consistent with that of the flotation medicament (formula 1-1) of the invention.

The specific operation is as follows: dry grinding ore concentrate (galena or pyrite concentrate in Table 1; particle size is 3mm-0.5mm) for 15min (particle size is 0.0740-0.0374mm after grinding, dry grinding is carried out by adopting a horizontal ball mill, and grinding concentration is 35-40%), weighing 2g of ground sulfide ore concentrate (galena or pyrite) in each group, pouring the weighed concentrate into a 40mL flotation tank, adding 30mL of deionized water, adding the flotation collector and 2# oil in the case, supplementing proper amount of deionized water, wherein the dosage concentration of the flotation collector is shown in Table 1, and the concentration is 5 multiplied by 10^-4And (3) mol/L, wherein the using amount of 2# oil is 25 mu L/L, the pH value is adjusted to be 7, stirring is carried out for 3min, foam scraping is started, foam scraping is carried out for 3min, the concentrate is scraped to a concentrate basin along with foam, tailings are remained in a flotation tank, the concentrate and the tailings are respectively weighed after being filtered and dried, the grade of the concentrate is detected, and the recovery rate is calculated. The flotation collector described in this case was replaced with potassium butyl xanthate alone for use as a reference;

figure 2 shows the recovery of galena or pyrite concentrate at different doses of the reagents of example 1. (in the case, the flotation collector is the flotation reagent or the potassium butyl xanthate, and the pH value of ore pulp is 7); the results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from fig. 2, within the range of the dosage of the tested reagents, the flotation collector of the present embodiment has a strong selective collection capability on galena, and hardly collects pyrite, which means that the flotation collector of the present embodiment can efficiently separate galena and pyrite. With the concentration of the medicament from 1 × 10^-5mol/L is increased to 5X 10^-4mol/L, the recovery rate of the flotation collector for the galena is obviously increased to 96 percent, while the recovery rate for the pyrite is only 38 percent, and the difference value of the two is 58 percent. This shows that the collecting ability of the flotation collector of the invention to the galena is further improved with the increase of the dosage of the medicament, and is 5 multiplied by 10^-4The optimal separation effect of galena and pyrite is achieved when the dosage of the medicament is mol/L, so that the separation effect is 5 multiplied by 10^-4mol/L is selected as the preferred dose for subsequent experiments and testing. And traditional sulphide ore collector potassium butyl xanthate can high-efficiently collect galena and pyrite, but the separation is very poor, and the recovery rate of the galena and pyrite is very close to the recovery rate of the traditional sulphide ore collector potassium butyl xanthate in the whole test agent dosage range, so that the traditional sulphide ore collector potassium butyl xanthate is difficult to realize the high-efficient separation of the galena and pyrite.

Table 2 flotation results of example 1

Example 2

The optimal pH value of the flotation collector in the separation of galena and pyrite is explored by carrying out flotation experiments under different solution pH values.

A compound of formula 1-2 is used as a collector (5X 10)^-4mol/L), 2# oil is used as a foaming agent (25 mu L/L), potassium butyl xanthate is selected as a contrast collector, and the dosage of the potassium butyl xanthate is consistent with that of the flotation collector.

Galena in the south of the lake or pyrite concentrate in the north of the lake (as shown in table 1) were used. By adopting the flow shown in fig. 1, experiments are divided into three groups, and the agent containing the collecting agent shown in the formula 1-2 is used as a flotation agent, and the parameters of the flotation process in the three groups of cases are the same, and the difference is only that different types of sulfide mineral single minerals and different pulp pH values are adopted, so that the flotation separation effect of the flotation collecting agent on sulfide minerals under different pH values is compared.

The specific operation is as follows: dry-grinding the ore concentrate (with the particle size of 3-0.5 mm) for 15min (with the particle size of 0.0740-0.0374mm after grinding), and dry-grinding by adopting a horizontal ball mill, wherein the grinding concentration is 35-40%. Each group weighed 2g of ground concentrate (galena or pyrite concentrate from Table 1)Pouring into 40mL flotation tank, adding 30mL deionized water, adding flotation agent containing oil of formula 1-2 and 2# and supplementing proper amount of deionized water, wherein the dosage of formula 1-2 in the ore pulp is 5 × 10^-4mol/L, the using amount of 2# oil is 25 mu L/L, stirring is carried out for 3min, a pH regulator (hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide) is added to adjust the flotation system to a specific pH (table 3, for example, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10), stirring is carried out for 3min, foam scraping is started, foam scraping is carried out for 3min, concentrate is scraped to a concentrate basin along with foam, tailings are remained in a flotation tank, and the concentrate and the tailings are weighed respectively after being filtered and dried, and the recovery rate is calculated. Replacing the collector of formula 1-2 with potassium butyl xanthate as a reference;

FIG. 3 shows the recovery of galena or pyrite concentrate of example 2 at different pH values (collector concentration in this case 5X 10 for this case)^-4mol/L, and pH regulators are sodium hydroxide solution and sulfuric acid solution); the results are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen from example 3, when the pH is between 6 and 8, the collector of the invention has excellent collecting performance on galena, and in this pH range, the recovery rate of the galena in this case is higher than 85%, and the recovery rate of pyrite is lower than 39%. Particularly, at the pH value of 7, the flotation agent can collect 95% of galena target minerals and only 36% of pyrite minerals, and the difference between the galena target minerals and the pyrite minerals is as high as 59%. The flotation collector can effectively separate lead-iron sulfide minerals in a nearly neutral acid-base range (pH is between 6 and 8). And as a contrast collector, potassium butyl xanthate is difficult to separate galena and pyrite in the whole test pH value range.

Table 3 flotation results of example 2

Example 3

To verify the separation effect of the flotation reagent in this case in the sulfidic mixed minerals of each component, wurtzite in south of the lake and pyrite concentrate in north of the lake (as shown in table 1) were used according to the following ratio of 1: 1 proportion to obtain the lead-iron mixed sulfide mineral, and adopting the flow shown in figure 1.

The compounds of formula 1-3 were used as collectors (5X 10 added to each group)^-4mol/L), 2# oil as a frother (25 mul/L), flotation pulp pH 6/7/8.

The specific operation is as follows: dry grinding ore concentrate (lead-iron mixed sulfide mineral with particle size of 3-0.5 mm) for 15min (the particle size after grinding is 0.0740-0.0374mm, dry grinding is carried out by adopting a horizontal ball mill with the grinding concentration of 35-40%), weighing 2g of the ore concentrate which is ground and uniformly mixed according to the proportion in each group, pouring the 2g of the ore concentrate into a 40mL flotation tank, adding 30mL of deionized water, controlling the pH of the ore pulp to be 6, 7 or 8, adding type 1-3 and type 2 oil, supplementing proper amount of deionized water, controlling the concentration of the formula 1-3 in the ore pulp to be 5 multiplied by 10^-4The concentration of the 2# oil is 25 mu L/L; stirring for 3min, starting to scrape bubbles for 3min, scraping the concentrate to a concentrate basin along with foams, leaving tailings in a flotation tank, filtering and drying the concentrate and the tailings, then weighing the concentrate and the tailings respectively, detecting the grade of the concentrate and calculating the recovery rate.

The specific mixing proportion of the lead-iron sulfide mixed minerals in the series of examples is as follows:

this case of lead-iron sulfurized mixed minerals: 1g of galena and 1g of pyrite are stirred for 10min at room temperature, so that the minerals are fully mixed for use, and the grades of the components of the raw ore sample of the lead-iron sulfurized mixed mineral in the case are shown in Table 1.

Table 4 shows the galena and pyrite flotation recovery and grade for example 3. (in the case, the concentration of the flotation collecting agent is 5 multiplied by 10^-4mol/L, pH 6/7/8 respectively

Table 4 flotation results of example 3 ([ collector of the invention ]]＝5×10^-4mol/L

As can be seen from Table 4, when the collector concentration was 5X 10^-4At mol/L, the flotation collector has obviously stronger collecting capability on galena (the recovery rate is higher than 75% and the grade is higher than 58 wt.%) of lead-iron mixed sulfide ore than that of pyrite (the recovery rate is lower than 38% and the grade is lower than 13 wt.%) under the condition that the pH value is 6-8. According to flotation results, the separation effect of the flotation collector provided by the invention is remarkably improved, the flotation separation effect of galena and pyrite is remarkably improved, the recovery rate and the grade of the galena of a useful mineral are also remarkably improved, and the separation efficiency is respectively as high as 96% and 61 wt% when the pH value is 7.

Example 4

The case numbers 1-6 differ only in the substituents on the benzene ring of the collector. Sequentially using compounds of formula 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10 as collecting agent (the dosage is 5 × 10)^-4mol/L), 2# oil as a frother (25 μ L/L), flotation pulp pH 7.

The specific operation is as follows: dry grinding ore concentrate (the particle size is 3mm-0.5mm) for 15min (the particle size is 0.0740-0.0374mm after grinding, dry grinding is carried out by adopting a horizontal ball mill, the grinding concentration is 35-40%), weighing and grinding each group, pouring 2g of the ore concentrate after uniformly mixing according to the proportion (1 g of galena and 1g of pyrite) into a 40mL flotation tank, adding 30mL of deionized water, adding the flotation reagent (2# oil and one of formulas 1-4-1-10) of the invention, supplementing proper amount of deionized water, and adding the collecting agent of one of formulas 1-4-1-10 into ore pulp at the concentration of 5X 10^-4mol/L, the dosage of the 2# oil is 25 mu L/L; the pH of the ore pulp is 7; stirring for 3min, starting to scrape bubbles for 3min, scraping the concentrate to a concentrate basin along with the bubbles, leaving tailings in a flotation tank, filtering and drying the concentrate and the tailings, weighing the concentrate and the tailings respectively, and feeding the grade of the concentrateLine detection and calculation of recovery and sorting efficiency E (sorting efficiency)

In the formula, epsilon represents the lead recovery rate in the concentrate,%; alpha represents the lead grade in the raw ore, 42.8 percent; beta is a_maxRepresenting the theoretical grade of lead in galena, 86.7%; beta represents the lead grade in the concentrate,%). The grades of the components of the raw ore sample of the lead-iron sulfurized mixed mineral are shown in table 1.

Table 5 shows the galena and pyrite flotation recovery and grade for example 4. (the concentration of the flotation agent in this example was 5X 10^-4mol/L, pH 7)

Table 5 flotation results of example 4 ([ collector of the invention ]]＝5×10^-4mol/L)

As can be seen from table 5, the flotation results are different when the flotation reagents are different and other flotation conditions are the same, but it can be seen that the lead collecting capability of formula 1 or formula 2 is obviously stronger than that of pyrite. Flotation reagent No. 3 (formula 1-6) having a chemical concentration of 5X 10^-4Under the conditions of mol/L and pH 7, the recovery rate of galena is 95 percent, and the grade is 64 wt.%; the recovery rate of pyrite is 32%, the grade is 11 wt.%, and the separation efficiency is up to 46%. Flotation reagent No. 7 (formula 1-10) having a chemical concentration of 5X 10^-4Under the conditions of mol/L and pH 7, the recovery rate of galena is 96 percent, and the grade is 65 wt.%; the recovery rate of pyrite is 30%, the grade is 11 wt.%, and the separation efficiency is up to 49%. According to the flotation result, when R in the formula 1 (or the formula 2) is ethyl/propyl/propenyl/methyl, the flotation separation effect of the galena and the pyrite is better, and the recovery rate and the grade of the galena which is a useful mineral are also obviously improved. From the result of the sorting efficiency, when R is propenyl, butyl, ethyl, propyl and methyl, the sorting efficiency is higher and the sorting effect is better.

Comparative example 1

Compared with example 4, the difference is only that formulas 1 to 11 are adoptedOr the flotation collectors of formulas 1-14 are used as reference collectors to replace the flotation collectors required by the invention, and the difference of the example numbers 7-10 is only that the comparison flotation reagents are different. Compounds of the formulae 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14 as collectors (5X 10 per group)^-4mol/L), 2# oil as a frother (25 μ L/L), flotation pulp pH 7.

The specific operation is as follows: dry grinding ore concentrate (with the particle size of 3-0.5 mm) for 15min (with the particle size of 0.0740-0.0374mm after grinding, dry grinding by adopting a horizontal ball mill and the grinding concentration of 35-40%), weighing and grinding each group, pouring 2g of the ore concentrate after uniformly mixing according to the proportion (1 g of galena and 1g of pyrite) into a 40mL flotation tank, adding 30mL of deionized water, adding comparative flotation collecting agents (formula 1-11-formula 1-14) and 2# oil, supplementing proper amount of deionized water, and adding 5 multiplied by 10 to the ore pulp, wherein the concentration of the comparative flotation collecting agents (formula 1-11-formula 1-14) is 5 multiplied by 10^-4mol/L, 25 mu L/L of No. 2 oil, and 7 of pH value of ore pulp; stirring for 3min, starting to scrape bubbles for 3min, scraping the concentrate to a concentrate basin along with the bubbles, leaving tailings in a flotation tank, filtering and drying the concentrate and the tailings, weighing the concentrate and the tailings respectively, detecting the grade of the concentrate and calculating the recovery rate and the separation efficiency E (separation efficiency)

Table 6 shows the flotation recovery and grade of galena and pyrite in comparative example 1. (the concentration of the flotation agent in this example was 5X 10^-4mol/L, pH 7)

Table 6 flotation results for comparative example 1 ([ comparative collector)]＝5×10^-4mol/L)

As can be seen from the data in table 6, the separation efficiency of the 4 comparative structures in comparative example 1 is poor compared to the structures of the compounds of formulae 1 to 10 of example 4, and in the compound of formula 1, R at the para position of the benzene ring is important, and the same R is placed at the meta or ortho position, which may cause the separation efficiency to decrease due to the difference in the electronic, steric and hydrophobic effects. When R is only H (formulas 1-11), the sorting efficiency of the compound is also reduced, which indicates that the hydrophobic structure of the R-benzene ring is important for the flotation efficiency of the flotation reagent of the invention. In the compounds of formulae 1-14, -SO₃ ^-The sulfydryl (chelating functional group of xanthate) is replaced, the collecting selectivity of the compound is greatly reduced, the separation efficiency (E) is sharply reduced to 3 percent, and the flotation collector is proved to be based on the substituent position, -SO₃The structure and the control of said substituents, it being possible to achieve intramolecular synergies which make it possible to improve unexpectedly the flotation selectivity of galena and pyrite.

Claims

1. A flotation separation method of galena and pyrite is characterized in that a compound capable of being ionized into a structure of a formula 1 is used as a flotation collector, mixed ores containing the galena and the pyrite are subjected to flotation, and concentrate enriched with the galena and tailings enriched with the pyrite are obtained through separation;

2. The flotation separation process of claim 1, wherein R is cyano, C₁-C₆Alkyl group of (A) or (B),C₃-C₆Alkenyl, phenyl, ethynyl or benzyl.

3. The flotation separation process of claim 1, wherein R is C₁-C₅Alkyl or propenyl group.

4. A flotation separation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the collector is at least one of an acid and a salt capable of ionizing the ion form 1 during flotation.

5. The flotation separation method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed ore is crushed and slurried to obtain a slurry, and a flotation agent containing the flotation collector is added to the slurry to perform flotation.

6. The flotation separation method of claim 5, wherein the flotation reagent further comprises a frother.

7. The flotation separation process of claim 6, wherein the frother is at least one of 2# oil, terpineol and MIBC.

8. The flotation separation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pH in the flotation process is 4 to 10; preferably 6-9; more preferably 6.5 to 7.5.

9. A flotation separation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the collector is used in an amount of not less than 1 x 10 during flotation^-5mol/L; preferably greater than or equal to 1.5X 10^-4mol/L; more preferably 2 to 8X 10^-4mol/L; more preferably 5 to 8X 10^-4mol/L。

10. A flotation reagent for selectively separating galena and pyrite, which is characterized by comprising the flotation collector of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9; optionally, a blowing agent is also included.