CN112425441B - Construction method of single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden - Google Patents
Construction method of single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN112425441B CN112425441B CN202110056773.1A CN202110056773A CN112425441B CN 112425441 B CN112425441 B CN 112425441B CN 202110056773 A CN202110056773 A CN 202110056773A CN 112425441 B CN112425441 B CN 112425441B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of improved tree seed gardens, in particular to a construction method of a single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden, which comprises the steps of carrying out ultra-low-position stem cutting and pile retaining on a fixed planting sweetgum stock for one year, promoting germination of low-position buds, cultivating multiple-germination-bar fixed angles, grafting multiple varieties of low-position germination bars, spraying a growth regulator on scions with weak growth vigor after grafting survival, and promoting balanced growth of the scions. According to the invention, the low-position stem cutting and pile retaining of the sweetgum stock is used for promoting germination, each pile is reserved and cultivated for 3 robust germination strips, and each germination strip is grafted with one variety, so that a sweetgum seed garden with multiple strains of a parent tree is formed. Therefore, the number of strains in the seed garden in unit area can be effectively increased, the genetic diversity of the seed garden is improved, and the heterozygosity of the produced seeds is promoted; meanwhile, when the number of the seed garden configuration strains is consistent, the garden building area can be obviously reduced, and the forest investment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of improved tree seed gardens, in particular to a construction method of a single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden.
Background
Sweetgum (sweetgum)Liquidambar formosanaHance.) is a tall deciduous arbor of the genus sweetgum, subfamily sweetgum, family hamameaceae. In the cultivation of wood, medicine, pad dyeing and edible fungiThe method has high application value, is valued in production and scientific research, is one of the preferred tree species for adjusting the tree species structure of the artificial forest, and is also a potential ornamental greening tree species for gardens.
In recent years, with the promotion of forest tree seed structure adjustment work, the blank of the improved seeds of the broad-leaved tree in the rural soil needs to be filled, and the construction of a seed garden is urgent. The traditional sweetgum seed garden is built in a tree-variety mode, and the problems that the building area is large, the investment of later-period management funds is insufficient, the fine management is difficult, the waste is caused by excessive seed production in the high yield period and the like exist.
In the early-stage research, the single sweetgum stock is subjected to multi-bud branch grafting, and after each branch scion survives, the long-term development difference is obvious, so that the growth and development of different bud scions of the same stump are unbalanced, and the growth of part of branch scions is weak, even dead, and the balanced growth of each branch cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden construction method, which realizes the construction of single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden, can effectively reduce the construction area of the sweetgum seed garden, and simplifies the construction and management investment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a construction method of a single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden comprises the following steps:
s1, stock selection and field planting
2-year-old large-cup seedlings of Almond with straight and smooth trunk, strong growth and more than 0.8cm ground diameter are selected as stocks, and transplanting and field planting cultivation are carried out for 1 year according to the row spacing of the plant of the garden to be built in 11-12 months;
s2, cutting off and promoting germination
Before germination of leaf buds of the sweetgum stock in spring, cutting off stems and leaving piles at a position 3-5 cm away from the ground, and smearing a tree wound healing agent after the cut-off stem wound flow is finished. And (3) a week before cutting, the root stock is subjected to dressing Shi Huawo, the produced eucalyptus-sprouting-assisting compound fertilizer is 0.25 kg/plant sprouting-promoting, and the cut root stock is used as a center to cover grass-preventing cloth with the radius of 0.5 m. The stumps are germinated again for about 2 months, a strong advantageous bud strip is reserved in 3 directions of the stumps and used as grafting bud strip for cultivation, the rest buds are erased, and germination is removed for 1 time in each month according to germination conditions;
s3, stock shaping cultivation
After the stump sprout is grown to 60cm high in 5-6 months, a bamboo pole with the diameter of more than 2.0cm is inserted in the position, which is about 30cm away from the stump, in the direction of the new sprout, and the sprout is fixed on the bamboo pole, so that the sprout and the trunk form an angle of 50-60 degrees and are uniformly distributed in all directions. Meanwhile, the eucalyptus compound fertilizer produced by Zhuifute Shi Hua is 0.5 kg per plant, and the rapid growth of the sprout is promoted, so that the diameter of the sprout at 40cm from the ground reaches more than 1.0 cm at the bottom of 10 months;
s4, scion selection
Selecting strong, full and pest-free sweetgum spring tips as scions, cutting off leaves after scions are cut off, binding the scions into bundles, wrapping the bundles with wet towels, standing in a cool place for standby, and properly spraying water to preserve moisture, wherein the scions are grafted in 4 days;
s5, grafting
Selecting a rainless weather from the last 10 months to the middle 11 months, grafting by a side grafting method, grafting a variety on each sprout, cutting off the sprout grafting at a position about 40cm from the ground, reserving 2 buds on the scion, winding with a plastic film tape, and sealing; then drawing 2-3 cutters near the sprout strips for drainage and cutting into the xylem to prevent the grafting port from forming hurt flow;
s6, post-connection management
Unbinding after grafting survival for 4 months, and spraying urea content of 0.5% and GA on bud strips with weaker growth vigor when the dominant bud strips of scions grow to 40cm 3 The growth promoter with the concentration of 150mg/L is sprayed once every 2 months to promote the balanced growth of the scions of each branch, and the spraying is carried out for 3 times continuously. After unbinding, the scion budling is bound on the bamboo poles so as to fix tree shapes, optimize the growth space and prevent the budling from being blown and folded by wind.
Further, in the step S1, the row spacing of the stock plant is 6.0 m ×6.0 m, the soil preparation specification is 60cm ×60cm ×40cm, and the base fertilizer is applied to 1.0 kg/hole (total nutrient is not less than 8% and organic matter is not less than 45%) of "forest expert" organic fertilizer produced by warfarin.
Further, in the step S2, the height of the cut pile is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step S3, after the new sprout of the stock grows to 60cm, a bamboo pole with a diameter of more than 2.0cm is inserted at a position about 30cm away from the stump in the direction of the new sprout, and the sprout is fixed on the bamboo pole, so that the sprout forms an angle of 50-60 degrees with the trunk.
Further, in the step S6, after grafting survival, when the dominant bud of the scion grows to 40cm, spraying urea content of 0.5% and GA on the bud with weaker growth vigor 3 The growth promoter with the concentration of 150mg/L is sprayed once every 2 months to promote the balanced growth of the scions of each branch and is continuously sprayed for 3 times.
By implementing the invention, the sweetgum stocks are cut off at low positions, re-germinated, 3 robust low-position germinated strips are cultivated, and a variety is grafted on each germinated strip to form a sweetgum seed garden with a plurality of varieties of parent trees. Therefore, the number of strains in the seed garden in unit area can be effectively increased, the genetic diversity of the seed garden is improved, and the heterozygosity of the produced seeds is promoted; meanwhile, when the number of the seed garden configuration strains is consistent, the garden building area can be obviously reduced, and the forest investment is reduced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out ultra-low-position interception and pile retaining on a sweetgum stock planted for one year, promoting germination of low-position buds, cultivating multiple buds at a fixed angle, grafting multiple varieties of low-position buds, spraying a growth regulator on a scion with weaker growth vigor after grafting survival, and promoting balanced growth of the scion. By utilizing the grafting cultivation technology, the construction of a plurality of varieties of a parent tree of a sweetgum seed garden can be realized.
The balanced development of the sprout strips of the stock is realized, and the balanced growth of scions of each sprout strip is realized; has good application prospect in the fields of sweetgum seed garden construction and ornamental garden variety cultivation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Implementation site: the planting time of the stock is 2018, 11 months in the forest farm of Huashan in Maonan county in Guangxi environment, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
(1) Stock selection and field planting are carried out in the last ten days of 11 months of 2018, 2-year-old local acer truncatum seedlings which are straight and smooth in trunk, strong in growth and 0.8-cm in ground diameter are selected as stock transplanting field planting, the row spacing of the planted plants is 6.0 m multiplied by 6.0 m, the soil preparation specification is 60cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and 1.0 kg/hole (total nutrient is not less than 8% and organic matter is not less than 45%) of 'forest expert' organic fertilizer produced by Huavolte is applied to the base fertilizer. After the stock is cultivated for 1 year, the ground diameter can be 3-4 cm.
(2) Cutting stems and promoting sprouting in the first ten days of 2019, carrying out stem cutting and pile retaining treatment on the eucalyptus auxiliary sprouting compound fertilizer produced by Shi Hua Waters on sweetgum stocks, namely 0.25 kg per plant of the eucalyptus auxiliary sprouting compound fertilizer, carrying out stem cutting and pile retaining treatment on the stocks in the last ten days of 1 month, coating a tree wound healing agent after cut wound flow is finished, and covering grass-preventing cloth with the radius of 0.5 m by taking a tree pile as a center. After 10 days of stem cutting, a large number of bud points begin to appear on the stumps, one robust bud strip is reserved in 3 directions of the stumps as a trunk for cultivation in the beginning of 3 months, the rest buds are erased, and the bud is removed for 1 time every month according to the bud condition.
(3) The method comprises the steps of shaping and culturing a stock in the last ten days of 6 months of 2019, basically growing stump sprouts to more than 60cm, inserting a bamboo pole at a position, which is about 30cm away from the stock, in each sprout direction, fixing the sprout on the bamboo pole, enabling the sprout and a trunk to form an included angle of 50-60 degrees, and uniformly distributing the sprout and the trunk in all directions. Meanwhile, the eucalyptus compound fertilizer produced by Zhuifute Shi Hua is 0.5 kg per plant, and the rapid growth of the sprout is promoted, so that the average diameter of the sprout at the position 40cm away from the ground is 1.56cm at the end of 10 months.
(4) The method comprises the steps of selecting strong, full and pest-free sweetgum spring tips as scions, cutting off leaves after scions are cut off, binding the scions into bundles, wrapping the bundles with wet towels, properly spraying water to prevent drying, and using up the picked scions within 4 days.
(5) The grafting selection is carried out from the 10 th late of 2019 to the 11 th middle of 11 months, and the rainfall is less, the climate is mild, the air temperature is stable, and the grafting survival is very facilitated. Grafting by adopting a side grafting method, cutting off the sprout grafting at a position about 40cm away from the ground, so that the heights of different sprout grafting openings of the same stump are kept at the same horizontal plane; the diameter of the scion is preferably 0.4-0.6 cm, 2 buds are reserved on the scion, the length is 5-10 cm, and the scion is tightly wound by a grafted plastic film belt and sealed. And (3) drawing 2-3 cutters near the sprout strips for drainage, and cutting into the xylem to prevent the grafting opening from hurting flow.
(6) After grafting survival is managed after grafting, when the dominant bud strip of the scion grows to 40cm, spraying a growth promoter with urea content of 0.5% and GA3 concentration of 150mg/L on the bud strip with weaker growth vigor, spraying once every 2 months, promoting the balanced growth of each branch scion, and continuously spraying for 3 times. The grafting survival can be unbinding after 4 months, and the scion buddies are bound on the bamboo poles after unbinding so as to fix tree shapes, optimize the growth space and prevent the buddies from being blown and folded by wind.
And (3) statistics:
setting 5 kinds of treatments including 'unfixed, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees and 60 degrees' at fixed angles of stump sprout strips and trunks. The coefficient of variation of the diameters of the sprouts treated in 10 middle of 2019 and the self-sparseness rate of the scions after grafting survival are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 different fixed angles 1 year-old bud streak diameter difference and scion self-sparsity rate
The data in Table 1 shows that the diameter difference of the germination bars treated at different fixed angles is not obvious, which indicates that the fixed angles have no obvious influence on the growth of the germination bars; after the fixed angle reaches 50 degrees, the variation coefficient of the diameter of the sprout is reduced to 0.13, the variation coefficient is extremely small, and the treatment difference between the sprout and 60 degrees is not obvious, which indicates that branches with uniform growth can be cultivated after the fixed angle reaches 50 degrees; when the fixed angle reaches 50 degrees, the self-sparseness rate of the germinated branch scions is 6.1 percent, the processing difference between the germinated branch scions and 60 degrees is not obvious, and the numerical value is extremely small, so that the self-sparseness of the scions can be basically avoided when the fixed angle reaches 50 degrees.
And (3) uniformly spraying mixed liquor of urea (content 0.5%) and GA3 (content 150 mg/L) on the scions with the fixed angles of the germination strips being more than 50 degrees and not spraying the mixed liquor for 2 treatments, respectively observing the scion bud base diameter, bud base diameter variation coefficient, bud length variation coefficient and scion self-sparsity, and analyzing the promotion effect of exogenous hormone spraying on the scion growth.
TABLE 2 Effect of exogenous hormone on the growth of different branched scion buds of the same stock
Table 2 data shows: the spraying of exogenous hormone can effectively promote the balanced growth of scions on different sprouting strips of the same stump, the bud base diameter and the bud length of the scions are all obviously larger than those of the scions which are not sprayed with exogenous hormone, the corresponding variation coefficient is obviously smaller than those of the scions which are not sprayed with exogenous hormone, and the value is extremely small. The self-sparsity rate of the same stump and different germinated strip scions sprayed with the exogenous hormone is 0.0%, which indicates that the self-sparsity effect among the different germinated strip scions of the same stump can be obviously reduced by spraying the exogenous hormone.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (1)
1. A construction method of a single-stock multi-variety sweetgum seed garden is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, stock selection and field planting
2-year-old large-cup seedlings of Almond with straight and smooth trunk, strong growth and more than 0.8cm ground diameter are selected as stocks, and transplanting and field planting cultivation are carried out for 1 year according to the row spacing of the plant of the garden to be built in 11-12 months; the row spacing of the stock strain is 6.0 m multiplied by 6.0 m, and the organic fertilizer of 'forest expert' produced by Huavolte is applied to the base fertilizer by 1.0 kg/hole;
s2, cutting off and promoting germination
Before germination of leaf buds of a spring sweetgum stock, cutting off stems and leaving piles at a position 3-5 cm away from the ground, and smearing a tree wound healing agent after the cut-off stem wound flow is finished; a week before cutting, a root stock is chased Shi Huawo, the produced eucalyptus germination-assisting compound fertilizer is 0.25 kg/plant germination-promoting, and after cutting, a stump is used as a center to cover grass-preventing cloth with the radius of 0.5 m; the stumps are germinated again for about 2 months, a strong advantageous bud strip is reserved in 3 directions of the stumps and used as grafting bud strip for cultivation, the rest buds are erased, and germination is removed for 1 time in each month according to germination conditions;
s3, stock shaping cultivation
After the stump sprout is as high as 60cm in 5-6 months, inserting a bamboo pole with the diameter of more than 2.0cm at a position which is about 30cm away from the stump in the direction of the new sprout, and fixing the sprout on the bamboo pole, so that the sprout forms an included angle of 50-60 degrees with the trunk and is uniformly distributed in all directions; meanwhile, the eucalyptus compound fertilizer produced by Zhuifute Shi Hua is 0.5 kg per plant, and the rapid growth of the sprout is promoted, so that the diameter of the sprout at 40cm from the ground reaches more than 1.0 cm at the bottom of 10 months;
s4, scion selection
Selecting strong, full and pest-free sweetgum spring tips as scions, cutting off leaves after scions are cut off, binding the scions into bundles, wrapping the bundles with wet towels, standing in a cool place for standby, and properly spraying water to preserve moisture, wherein the scions are grafted in 4 days;
s5, grafting
Selecting a rainless weather from the last 10 months to the middle 11 months, grafting by a side grafting method, grafting a variety on each sprout, cutting off the sprout grafting at a position about 40cm from the ground, reserving 2 buds on the scion, winding with a plastic film tape, and sealing; then drawing 2-3 cutters near the sprout strips for drainage and cutting into the xylem to prevent the grafting port from forming hurt flow;
s6, post-connection management
Unbinding after grafting survival for 4 months, and spraying urea content of 0.5% and GA on bud strips with weaker growth vigor when the dominant bud strips of scions grow to 40cm 3 A growth promoter with the concentration of 150mg/L is sprayed once every 2 months to promote the balanced growth of the scions of each branch, and the scions are continuously sprayed for 3 times; after unbinding, the scion budling is bound on the bamboo poles so as to fix tree shapes, optimize the growth space and prevent the budling from being blown and folded by wind.
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