CN112425335B - Determination method and correction method of nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on controlled release fertilizer and method for designing rice fertilization formula - Google Patents
Determination method and correction method of nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on controlled release fertilizer and method for designing rice fertilization formula Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting and fertilizing methods, and particularly relates to a determination method and a correction method of a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on controlled release fertilizer and a method for designing a rice fertilizing formula. According to the method provided by the invention, through a large number of field tests, the inventor finds out a balance point between the controlled release fertilizer application ratio and the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio for the first time under the condition of not reducing the rice yield, and systematically provides a mathematical relation model between the controlled release fertilizer application ratio and the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio. The nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on the controlled release fertilizer can guide enterprises or grain farmers to make reduced application schemes according to local conditions according to actual conditions, and reasonably design the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the common fertilizer of rice and the fertilizer application formula under the condition of reduced application, and has the advantages of simple method and convenient operation. The method can not only design the formula according to local conditions, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, but also greatly reduce the input cost and reduce the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting and fertilizing methods, and particularly relates to a determination method and a correction method of a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on controlled release fertilizer and a method for designing a rice fertilizing formula.
Background
The rice is one of important grain crops, the planting area exceeds 4 hundred million acres, the planting area accounts for about 30 percent of the area of the grain crops, the yield is close to half of the total grain yield, and about two thirds of the population uses the rice as staple food at present. The rice production plays an extremely important role and plays a very important role.
Because the release of nitrogen fertilizer nutrients is too fast and the fertilizer effect period is short, the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of the rice can be met and the yield can be improved only by applying fertilizers for many times or in large quantity, but the fertilizer application mode leads to low fertilizer utilization rate and serious non-point source pollution of a rice field system for a long time, and the method becomes one of the main problems faced by the current rice planting. The high input of nitrogen fertilizer is considered to be one of main sources of non-point source pollution in the rice planting process, so that the limiting standard of the input of the nitrogen fertilizer and the determination method thereof are urgently needed to establish a nitrogen nutrient management scheme based on the rice planting non-point source pollution control target.
The traditional fertilization mode is changed, and the improvement of the crop yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer becomes urgent. The high and new technology of the controlled release fertilizer provides a new idea and way for solving the problems of fertilizer utilization rate and environmental pollution. Since this century, the research of controlled release fertilizers is a great revolution in chemical fertilizer technology, and the release time of nutrients is changed to synchronize with the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reducing the pollution to the environment, and the long-term large-area popularization and application can obtain remarkable economic and social benefits. However, most of the existing controlled release fertilizer technologies focus on solving the problem of one-time fertilization, and further researches on how to realize scientific proportioning of the controlled release fertilizer and a common fertilizer and how to optimize the nutrient reduction proportion on the basis of the scientific proportioning are carried out on the basis of one-time fertilization so as to improve the related technologies and products of the fertilizer utilization rate.
At present, the special controlled release fertilizer for rice circulated in the market is a finished product, a rice grower is difficult to adjust the formula according to the condition, accurate weight reduction is difficult to achieve even a manufacturer marks the fertilizing amount, and the conventional controlled release fertilizer has relatively high price and is a great burden for the rice grower or a cooperative. If the fertilizer dosage can be effectively reduced according to related models or methods, the formula can be designed according to local conditions by purchasing raw materials and adjusting the fertilizer formula in real time, so that the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, the investment cost can be greatly reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects that the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer of the rice and the common fertilizer cannot be reasonably designed according to local conditions while the application is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the cost is high, the environmental pollution is serious and the like in the prior art, and provides a method for determining a nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on the controlled release fertilizer and a method for designing a rice fertilization formula.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s11, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; specifically, the determination can be performed according to technical specification of soil testing formula fertilization (revised 2011);
s12, setting a certain number of intervals within the distribution proportion range of the controlled release fertilizer, setting a corresponding number of nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion intervals according to the number of the intervals of the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer, selecting at least one distribution proportion in each distribution proportion interval, and selecting different reduction proportions within the corresponding reduction proportion intervals according to each distribution proportion; wherein the dispensing proportion range is 5-100%, and the dispensing proportion reduction range is 0-50%;
s13, calculating the corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release fertilizer application proportion and the nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion set in the S12 and the basic fertilizer application formula determined in the step S11;
s14, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S13, counting the yield, fitting the yield data obtained according to the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio under each distribution ratio by adopting a regression model, calculating the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio corresponding to the situation of the highest yield according to the fitted mathematical model, and drawing an application reduction model according to the distribution ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the corresponding application reduction ratio under the situation of the highest yield on the basis of the fact that the yield of the rice is not reduced.
Optionally, in step S12, all integer points of the dispensing ratio interval are selected as the dispensing ratio;
and 3-8 different reduction ratios are selected in the reduction ratio interval according to each distribution ratio.
Optionally, in step S12, for each dispensing ratio, 5 to 6 different dispensing ratios are selected in the dispensing ratio interval.
Optionally, in step S12, the dispensing ratio and the decreasing ratio are selected according to the interval range in the following table:
| the dispensing ratio, x% | Decrease the application rate, y% |
| 5≤x≤30 | 0＜y≤15 |
| 30＜x≤40 | 0＜y≤20 |
| 40＜x≤50 | 5＜y≤25 |
| 50＜x≤60 | 10＜y≤30 |
| 60＜x≤70 | 10＜y≤35 |
| 70＜x≤80 | 15＜y≤45 |
| 80＜x≤100 | 20＜y≤50 |
。
Optionally, the subtractive model is:
y＝0.63x-13.62(20≤x≤75)；
y＝0.11x+25.43(x＞75)；
wherein x is the preparation proportion (%) of the controlled release urea; y is the nitrogen nutrient application ratio (%).
Optionally, the step S14, in which the non-reduction of rice yield means that the yield of rice after nitrogen fertilizer reduction one-time basal application is compared with the yield of optimized fertilization, i.e., the yield of nitrogen fertilizer non-reduction application for three times, and the statistical test difference is not significant;
the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for three times, namely a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a spike fertilizer.
The invention also provides a method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on the nitrogen nutrient reduced application model of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; the determination can be specifically carried out according to technical specifications for soil testing and formulated fertilization (revised 2011); setting the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer according to local soil and climate conditions;
and S2, calculating the application reduction amount of the nitrogen nutrient and the rice fertilization amount through an application reduction model according to the basic formula and the controlled release fertilizer application ratio determined in the step S1.
Optionally, the subtractive model is the subtractive model obtained by the above determination method.
Optionally, the controlled release fertilizer is resin coated urea;
the rice is early rice, late rice or middle rice;
wherein the basic formula of the early season rice is N-P in kg/mu2O5-K2O＝(10～12)-(5～6)-(8～10)；
The basic formula of the late rice or the middle rice is N-P2O5-K2O＝(12～14)-(5～6)-(8～10)。
Optionally, the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected for the early season rice is 55 days to 70 days;
the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected by the late rice or the middle rice is 85 days to 105 days.
Optionally, the rice fertilization formula designed according to the controlled release fertilizer-based nitrogen nutrient reduction model is one-time base application without additional fertilization.
The invention also provides a correction method of the nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s111, determining a basic formula of rice fertilization;
and S112, setting the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer from high to low into different intervals, and setting corresponding nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion intervals according to the number of the intervals of the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer. Selecting at least one dispensing proportion in each dispensing proportion interval, and selecting 2-3 different dispensing proportions in the corresponding dispensing proportion interval according to each dispensing proportion;
s113, calculating corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release fertilizer application proportion and the nitrogen nutrient reduction application proportion set in the S112 and the basic fertilizing formula determined in the step S111;
s114, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S113, counting the yield, sequencing the yields obtained by reducing the application proportion of the nitrogen nutrients under each distribution proportion, finding out the corresponding nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion under the condition of the highest yield, and then drawing a corrected reduction application model according to the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the corresponding reduction proportion under the condition of the highest yield on the basis of no reduction of the yield of the rice.
Optionally, in step S112, the dispensing ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the nitrogen nutrient reduction ratio are set to 5 to 8 intervals respectively;
wherein the application reduction ratio range of the nitrogen nutrients is 5-35%.
Optionally, in step S112, the preparation and application ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the nitrogen nutrient reduction ratio are respectively set to 6 gradients, and specific intervals are set as follows:
| the proportion, x,% of controlled-release urea | The nitrogen nutrient is reduced by the proportion, y% |
| 5≤x≤30 | y≤5 |
| 30＜x≤40 | 5＜y≤10 |
| 40＜x≤50 | 10＜y≤20 |
| 50＜x≤60 | 20＜y≤25 |
| 60＜x≤70 | 25＜y≤30 |
| X＞70 | 30＜y≤35 |
。
Optionally, at least 1 different dispensing ratio and corresponding nitrogen nutrient reduction ratio are selected in each interval in step S113.
Optionally, the step S14 of no yield reduction of rice means that the difference of statistical test is not significant between the yield of rice after one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and the yield of nitrogen fertilizer application in three times in optimized fertilization;
wherein, the yield of the rice after the one-time basal application of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced is compared with the yield which is not reduced and applied for three times by the nitrogen fertilizer, and the statistical test difference is not obvious;
the three-time fertilization is respectively a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a spike fertilizer.
Specifically, the basic formula of the rice fertilizer is determined, local basic fertilizer formula is generally mastered by farms, production enterprises and planting farmers, and relevant instructions and records are also provided on textbooks; for rice, the invention belongs to grain crops with mature cultivation technology, experienced farmers basically master the traditional fertilization technology, the invention aims to blend the controlled release fertilizer on the basis of the conventional fertilization formula or the optimized fertilization formula, and the total nutrient can be applied in a reduced amount due to the blending of the controlled release fertilizer, which is also the starting point and the original intention of the invention. The invention reduces the fertilizer dosage and the fertilizer application times by mixing the controlled release fertilizer, and can accurately control and reduce the fertilizer dosage according to the mixed controlled release fertilizer application reduction model on the basis of the original formula, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reducing the environmental pollution and lowering the input cost.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for determining a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s11, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; s12, setting a certain number of intervals within the distribution proportion range of the controlled release fertilizer, setting a corresponding number of nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion intervals according to the number of the intervals of the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer, selecting at least one distribution proportion in each distribution proportion interval, and selecting different reduction proportions within the corresponding reduction proportion intervals according to each distribution proportion; wherein the dispensing proportion range is 5-100%, and the dispensing proportion reduction range is 0-50%; s13, calculating the corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release fertilizer distribution proportion and the reduced distribution proportion set in the S12 and the basic fertilizing formula determined in the step S11; s14, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S13, counting the yield, fitting the yield data obtained according to the nitrogen nutrient reduced application ratio under each distribution ratio by adopting a regression model, finding out the nitrogen nutrient reduced application ratio under the condition of the highest yield according to the fitted mathematical model, and drawing a reduced application model according to the distribution ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the reduced application ratio under the condition of the highest yield by taking the rice with no reduced yield as the basis. The reduced application model obtained by the method is fit according to multi-point and multi-year data by developing a large number of field tests, comprehensively considers factors such as reduced application proportion, distribution proportion, yield and the like, is closer to actual production, and can play a positive guiding role.
In the method for determining the nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on the controlled release fertilizer, in the step S12, all integer points in a distribution proportion interval are selected as distribution proportions; and 3-8 different reduction ratios are selected in the corresponding reduction ratio interval according to each distribution ratio. Preferably, in step S12, for each dispensing ratio, 5 to 6 different dispensing ratios are selected within the corresponding dispensing ratio interval. In the step S12, the distribution proportion and the reduction proportion of the controlled release fertilizer are respectively set to be 5-8 intervals; wherein the application reduction ratio range of the nitrogen nutrients is 5-50%. According to the arrangement, the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is too low, and the reduced space is not provided basically, if the proportion of the nitrogen nutrient reduced is too high, the nutrition requirement of the rice can not be met, so that the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is considered and the nutrition requirement of the rice is balanced in the range, the accuracy of a model can be ensured, and the effects of reducing the fertilizer and not reducing the yield are really achieved.
According to the method for determining the model for reducing the nitrogen nutrient application based on the controlled release fertilizer, the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected by the early rice is 50-70 days; the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected by the late rice or the middle rice is 80 days to 100 days. The reason for this limitation is that the controlled release period is too short to meet the nutritional requirements of the whole growth period of the rice, which may result in the late growth period of the rice being deprived of fertilizer, and the controlled release period is too long, which may result in insufficient nutrient supply in the early growth period of the rice and affect the fertilizer efficiency.
The invention provides a method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on a nitrogen nutrient reduced application model of a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining a basic dispensing formula and a reduced dispensing proportion of the controlled release fertilizer according to the climate conditions of a planting area, the soil fertility level, the rice variety and the planting time; and S2, calculating the dispensing ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the fertilization formula through a dispensing model according to the basic dispensing amount and the dispensing ratio of the controlled release fertilizer determined in the step S1. According to the method, enterprises or grain farmers can conveniently and quickly adjust the amount of the formulated controlled release fertilizer, can make a reduced application scheme according to the actual conditions and the local conditions, reasonably design the ratio of the rice controlled release fertilizer to the common fertilizer while reducing the application, and has the advantages of simple method and convenient operation. The method can not only design the formula according to local conditions, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, but also greatly reduce the input cost and reduce the environmental pollution; in addition, the method has good guiding effect and reference value for fertilizer production enterprises, and the fertilizer production enterprises can adjust the formula according to the method, so that the special fertilizer suitable for different climatic conditions and soil fertility levels can be produced, and the production cost of the enterprises can be effectively reduced.
The invention provides a method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on a nitrogen nutrient reduced application model of a controlled release fertilizer, wherein the reduced application model is obtained through a large number of field experiments, and an inventor finds a balance point between the preparation and application proportion of the controlled release fertilizer and the nitrogen nutrient reduced application proportion for the first time under the condition of not reducing the rice yield, and clearly provides a mathematical relation model between the two, so that the method has important reference significance and reference value for the efficient application of the controlled release fertilizer to field crops and the development of the whole industry of the controlled release fertilizer. In addition, the method provided by the invention can also design a formula according to local conditions, and particularly, the local conditions are mainly embodied in flexibility, for example, farmers generally buy compound fertilizers under the current condition, the formula is fixed, even if a conditional enterprise or farm can adjust the fertilizer ratio according to the formula, a controlled release fertilizer application reduction method is not available basically, so that the blending ratio of the controlled release fertilizer is difficult to accurately design under the condition of nitrogen nutrient reduction. With the model provided by the invention, farms, households and enterprises can design a nitrogen nutrient reduction scheme based on the controlled release fertilizer according to the original local formula and the model on site, and blend the corresponding controlled release professional fertilizer.
The invention also provides a correction method of the nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on the controlled release fertilizer, which can adjust the reduced application model in time when parameters (such as soil fertility, climatic conditions, cultivation management technology and the like) change, thereby ensuring that the method has accurate actual guidance and reference values for actual production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a model of controlled release fertilizer based reduction of fertilizer application obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a modified subtractive model obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another modified subtractive model obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
In the embodiment, the applied conventional nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is coated urea, and the product is produced by Jinzheng ecological engineering group Limited company; the phosphate fertilizer is produced by Yunnan chemical group limited company, and the potassium fertilizer is produced by Zhonghua group limited company.
Example 1
The method for designing the rice fertilization formula based on the nitrogen nutrient reduced application model of the controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. a method for determining a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on a controlled release fertilizer,
s11, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; specifically, the determination can be performed according to technical specification of soil testing formula fertilization (revised 2011);
generally, the early season rice is applied with 10-12kg of pure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per mu2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, the amount of pure potassium (K) applied2O) is 8-10 kg/mu; the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of late rice are 12-14 kg/mu2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potassium application amount (K)2O) is 8-10 kg/mu. The controlled release period of the early rice selected controlled release urea is 50-65 days, and the controlled release period of the late rice selected controlled release urea is 80-105 days. In this example, the early rice base formula was N-P2O5-K210-6-8 of O, wherein the basic formula of the late rice is N-P2O5-K2O-12-6-8. In this example, the early rice variety was blossoming No. 5, and the late rice variety was wuyou huazhan. Test site: the Taihe province in Jiangxi and the Hehe city of county are used for making the ridges and villages.
S12, setting a certain number of intervals within the distribution proportion range of the controlled release fertilizer, setting a corresponding number of nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion intervals according to the number of the intervals of the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer, selecting at least one distribution proportion in each distribution proportion interval, and selecting different reduction proportions within the corresponding reduction proportion intervals according to each distribution proportion; wherein the dispensing proportion range is 5-100%, and the dispensing proportion reduction range is 0-50%;
here, the determination of the application proportion and the application reduction proportion of the controlled release fertilizer is only schematically illustrated: setting a nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion gradient under each controlled release urea preparation proportion, wherein the nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion under the preparation proportion of 20% is respectively designed to be 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15%; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion of 30 percent of the preparation proportion is respectively designed to be 0 percent, 2.5 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio of 40 percent of the preparation ratio is respectively designed to be 0 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion is respectively designed to be 5%, 10%, 18%, 20% and 25% under the condition that the application proportion is 50%; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio of 60 percent of the preparation ratio is respectively designed to be 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent, 24 percent and 30 percent; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion of 70 percent of the preparation proportion is respectively designed to be 10 percent, 20 percent, 25 percent, 30 percent and 35 percent; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion of 80 percent of the preparation proportion is respectively designed to be 15 percent, 25 percent, 30 percent, 34 percent, 40 percent and 45 percent; the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion is respectively designed to be 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% under the condition that the application proportion is 90%; the nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion is respectively designed to be 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% under the condition that the proportion of the nitrogen nutrient is 100%.
S13, calculating the corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release fertilizer distribution proportion and the reduced distribution proportion set in the S12 and the basic fertilizing formula determined in the step S11;
s14, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S13, counting the yield, fitting the yield data obtained according to the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio under each distribution ratio by adopting a regression model, finding out the corresponding nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio under the condition of the highest yield according to the fitted mathematical model, and drawing an application reduction model according to the distribution ratio of the controlled release fertilizer and the corresponding nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio under the condition of the highest yield by taking the rice not to reduce the yield as a basis.
Specifically, the application reduction ratio of each nitrogen nutrient under the controlled-release urea distribution ratio is used as a test treatment to carry out a cell field test, the test site is Jiangxi province Taihe county standing grain town Fengdu, and the area of each cell is controlled to be 20-30m2Randomized block design, three replicates per treatment. And (3) after the rice is mature, the yield is calculated, yield data obtained by the nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion gradient under each distribution proportion are fitted by adopting a regression model, the corresponding nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion under the condition of the highest yield is calculated according to the fitted mathematical model, then whether the highest yield shows a remarkable yield increase or a yield increase trend (but the difference is not remarkable) is considered in a statistical sense compared with the optimized fertilization (divided fertilization) treatment, the highest yield is used as a required application reduction proportion, and if the highest yield shows the yield increase trend, the yield is removed. By analogy, the optimal nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion under each controlled release urea proportion is screened out in an optimized mode, and then the controlled release urea proportion is used as the abscissa and is matched with the abscissaDrawing a two-dimensional graph by taking the optimal nitrogen nutrient release proportion as a vertical coordinate, selecting an optimal model for fitting, and taking a mathematical model with the optimal fitting effect as a nitrogen nutrient release model based on the controlled release urea, wherein the specific result is shown in figure 1.
2. Method for designing rice fertilization formula based on nitrogen nutrient reduced fertilization model of controlled release fertilizer
S1, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; the determination can be specifically carried out according to technical specifications for soil testing and formulated fertilization (revised 2011); setting the proportion of the controlled release fertilizer according to local soil and climate conditions;
and S2, calculating the application reduction amount of the nitrogen nutrient and the rice fertilization amount through an application reduction model according to the basic formula and the controlled release fertilizer application ratio determined in the step S1.
Specifically, S1, determining the basic formula, applying pure nitrogen (N)10-12 kg/mu and phosphorus (P) to early rice2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, the amount of pure potassium (K) applied2O) is 8-10 kg/mu; the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of late rice are 12-14 kg/mu2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potassium application amount (K)2O) is 8-10 kg/mu. The controlled release period of the early rice selected controlled release urea is 50-65 days, and the controlled release period of the late rice selected controlled release urea is 80-105 days. In this example, the early rice base formula was N-P2O5-K210-6-8 of O, wherein the basic formula of the late rice is N-P2O5-K2O＝12-6-8。
And S2, calculating the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio and the application amount according to the basic formula, the controlled release fertilizer application ratio and the application reduction model determined in the step.
Specifically, the application reduction amount is determined according to the blending proportion of the controlled release urea, the blending proportion of the controlled release urea is generally not lower than 30%, after the blending proportion exceeds 30%, according to a model y1, the x is 0.63x-13.62, and the x is not less than 20 and not more than 75; y2 is 0.11x +25.43, x is more than or equal to 75 (x represents the application proportion, namely the proportion of the blending amount of the controlled release urea in the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, and y represents the application reduction proportion). If the blending ratio of the controlled release urea is 50 percent, the calculation result according to the y 1-0.63 x-13.62 shows that the application ratio of the pure nitrogen (N) is 18 percent, and the specific application ratio of the nitrogen nutrient is 1.8 percent of the early season rice2.2 kg/mu and 2.2-2.5 kg/mu of late rice, so that the pure nitrogen amount (N) applied to the actual early rice is 8.2-10.2 kg/mu, and the phosphorus amount (P) applied to the actual early rice is 8.2-10.2 kg/mu2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potassium application amount (K)2O) is 8-10 kg/mu; nitrogen (N) amount of 10.2-11.5 kg/mu and phosphorus (P) amount of late rice2O5) 5-6 kg/mu, potassium application amount (K)2O) is 8-10 kg/mu. And finally, calculating the actual application amount of the fertilizer according to the pure nutrient contents of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer, specifically in the embodiment. According to model calculation, the nitrogen nutrient reduced application rate is 5% under 30% of the controlled release fertilizer, 10% under 40% of the controlled release fertilizer, 18% under 50% of the controlled release fertilizer, 24% under 60% of the controlled release fertilizer, 30% under 70% of the controlled release fertilizer, and 34% under 80% of the controlled release fertilizer, the fertilizer application scheme is used for rice planting field tests, and specific rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate data are shown in tables 1-2. The invention also carries out accounting on economic benefits, and specific results are shown in a table 3.
The method provided by the invention can also be used for guiding fertilizer production enterprises to produce fertilizers with different specifications, and the fertilizer production enterprises can directly adjust the formula according to the user requirements by referring to the determined application reduction model, so that the directly produced fertilizers which can be directly applied by farmers and meet the requirements of the proportion can be directly applied.
At present, most fertilizer production enterprises have mastered the production technology and method of the common special compound fertilizer for early rice and late rice. If the coated controlled-release urea is added into the special compound fertilizer, the method only needs to be carried out according to a model on the basis of the original formula: y1 is 0.63x-13.62, x is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 75; y2 is 0.11x +25.43, x is more than or equal to 75 (x represents the blending ratio of the controlled release urea, and y represents the decreasing ratio) to regulate the nitrogen. For example, the formulas of the common special compound fertilizer for the early rice and the late rice are respectively 20-10-16 and 24-10-16, the blending proportion of the coated controlled release fertilizer is 50%, and the pure nitrogen (N) application reduction proportion is 18% according to the calculation result that y1 is 0.63x-13.62, so the formulas of the early rice and the late rice can be respectively adjusted to be 17-10-16 and 20-10-16. The fertilizer can be produced by enterprises according to the formula, so that the production cost of the enterprises can be reduced, the input amount of nitrogen nutrients can be effectively reduced under the condition that the fertilizing amount is the same as that of a common special compound fertilizer, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
The embodiment also provides a correction method of a nitrogen nutrient reduced application model based on the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the steps of firstly determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization, then setting the distribution proportion of the controlled release fertilizer from 5-100% to 6 intervals, and setting corresponding quantity of reduced application proportion intervals according to the quantity of the distribution proportion intervals;
the specific interval settings are shown in the following table:
| the proportion, x,% of controlled-release urea | The nitrogen nutrient is reduced by the proportion, |
| 5≤x≤30 | y≤5 |
| 30＜x≤40 | 5＜y≤10 |
| 40＜x≤50 | 10＜y≤20 |
| 50＜x≤60 | 20＜y≤25 |
| 60＜x≤70 | 25＜y≤30 |
| X＞70 | 30＜y≤40 |
According to the interval setting of the table, corresponding numbers of application proportion and application reduction proportion can be selected for field experiments, specifically, the application proportion of the controlled release fertilizer for the ultra-high fertility field (nitrogen nutrient application reduction proportion) is respectively 20% (application proportion 0% and 2.5%), 30% (application proportion 2.5% and 5%), 40% (application proportion 7.5% and 10%), 50% (application proportion 15% and 20%), 60% (application proportion 22.5% and 25%), 70% (application proportion 27.5% and 30%) and 80% (application proportion 30% and 35%), corresponding fertilizing amount is calculated, the data of the specific embodiment is shown in table 4, the application proportion of the controlled release fertilizer for the ultra-low fertility field (nitrogen nutrient application proportion) is respectively 30% (application proportion 0% and 2.5%), 40% (application proportion 5% and 7.5%) (application proportion 10% and 15%), 22.5% and 20%) 70% (reduced application rate of 27.5% and 25%), 80% (reduced application rate of 32.5% and 30%), and calculating the corresponding fertilizing amount, and the data of the specific examples are shown in Table 5.
Part of the data in the process of model determination and model-based design of the rice fertilization formula are shown in tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 early season rice data
| Treatment of | Yield (kg/hm)-2) | Absorption utilization ratio of Nitrogen (%) |
| No application of nitrogen fertilizer | 4446 | — |
| Optimized fertilizer (three times fertilizer) | 7457 | 41.76 |
| The controlled release fertilizer is applied by 30 percent and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 5 percent | 7400 | 40.40 |
| The controlled release fertilizer is applied by 40 percent and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by 10 percent | 7458 | 45.36 |
| 50 percent of controlled release fertilizer and 18 percent of nitrogen fertilizer | 7513 | 49.49 |
| The mixed application of the controlled release fertilizer is 60 percent, and the reduced application of the nitrogen fertilizer is 24 percent | 7515 | 56.28 |
| 70 percent of controlled release fertilizer and 30 percent of nitrogen fertilizer | 7479 | 62.00 |
| 80 percent of controlled release fertilizer and 34 percent of nitrogen fertilizer | 7572 | 63.25 |
TABLE 2 late rice data
TABLE 3 economic benefit accounting
As can be seen from the data in tables 1-3, the fertilization scheme determined by the invention can not only reduce the fertilization without reducing the yield, but also improve the nitrogen utilization rate and the economic benefit.
Relevant settings and partial data in the model correction process:
1. and (3) selecting an extra-high fertility field to correct the model, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: two test fields are respectively selected, one test is positioned in Tai and county grass town Toyoho village (marked as test field I) in Jiangxi province, the area of the test field is 5 mu, and the organic matter content of the soil is 5.57 percent; the other test field is located in the Xingxing town Hokking village (marked as test field II) in Xinguo county of Jiangxi province, the area of the test field is 4.3 mu, and the organic matter content of the soil is 5.06 percent. The nitrogen application amount of the optimized fertilization treatment is 150kg hm-2And the controlled release urea is applied according to the application proportion and a correction method. Each field test is repeated for three times, the random block design is carried out, and the daily field management is carried out according to the habits of local farmers. Wherein the time for transplanting rice is 7 months and 10-15 days, and the time for applying the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer is 7 months and 10-15 days, 7 months and 20-25 days and 8 months and 20-30 days respectively. The preparation and application of the controlled-release urea are all disposable basal application. The harvesting time is 10 months and 15-25 days. The rice is planted in one season and in one night, and the variety is Wu you Huazhan.
The specific fertilizing amount and yield of each experimental example are shown in the following table:
TABLE 4
According to the yield data of the high-fertility field, compared with the optimized fertilization treatment, the yield of the controlled-release urea preparation treatment is shown to be different from that of the test field I and the test field II through the analysis of the difference of the formula, so that each preparation proportion and the corresponding reduction proportion of the controlled-release urea meet the requirements of the model, a corrected model graph is drawn and shown in figure 2, and the specific model is that y is 0.567 x-11.74.
2. And (3) selecting an extremely low fertility field to correct the model, and specifically: two test fields are respectively selected, one test is positioned in Yao village (marked as test field I) in Yutai county of Shandong province, the area of the test field is 3.2 mu, and the organic matter content of the soil is 0.92 percent; the other test field is located in Xianshuangcun (labeled test field II) of Huanshan county, Weishan county, Shandong province, and has a test field area of 4.5 mu and a soil organic matter content of 0.71%. The nitrogen application amount of the optimized fertilization treatment is 225kg hm-2And the controlled release urea is applied according to the application proportion and a correction method. Each field test is repeated for three times, the random block design is carried out, and the daily field management is carried out according to the habits of local farmers. The sowing time is 5 months and 5-10 days, the seedling transplanting time is about 6 months and 20 days, and the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are respectively applied for about 6 months and 20 days, 7 months and 1-5 days and 8 months and 10-20 days. The preparation and application of the controlled-release urea are all disposable basal application. The harvest time was 10 months early. The planting mode is rice and wheat rotation, the variety is Shengdao 13, and the specific results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 5
According to the yield data of the low-fertility field, compared with the yield of the optimized fertilization treatment, the yield of the controlled-release urea preparation treatment shows that the yield reduction trends are shown in the test fields I and II in the test examples 1 to 6 through the analysis of the formula difference, and the yield reduction is obvious in the test example 1, so that the test examples 1 to 6 are totally eliminated, only the test examples 7 to 12 meet the model requirements, and a model graph is drawn as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the specific model is that y is 0.625 x-17.91.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for determining a model for reducing nitrogen nutrients based on a controlled release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s11, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization;
s12, setting a certain number of intervals within the controlled release urea distribution proportion range, setting a corresponding number of nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion intervals according to the number of the intervals of the controlled release urea distribution proportion, selecting at least one distribution proportion in each distribution proportion interval, and selecting different reduction proportions in the corresponding reduction proportion intervals according to each distribution proportion; wherein the dispensing proportion range is 5-100%, and the dispensing proportion reduction range is 0-50%;
s13, calculating the corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release urea dispensing proportion and the reduced dispensing proportion set in the S12 and the basic fertilizing formula determined in the step S11;
s14, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S13, counting the yield, fitting the yield data obtained according to the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio under each distribution ratio by adopting a regression model, calculating the nitrogen nutrient application reduction ratio corresponding to the situation of the highest yield according to the fitted mathematical model, and drawing an application reduction model according to the proportion of the controlled release urea and the corresponding application reduction ratio under the situation of the highest yield on the basis of the fact that the yield of rice is not reduced.
2. The method for determining the model of reduced application of nitrogen nutrients based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S12, all integer points in the dispensing ratio interval are selected as the dispensing ratio;
and 3-8 different reduction ratios are selected in the corresponding reduction ratio interval according to each distribution ratio.
3. The method for determining the model of nitrogen nutrient release based on controlled release fertilizer of claim 2, wherein in step S12, for each dispensing ratio, 5-6 different release ratios are selected within the corresponding release ratio interval.
4. The method for determining the model of nitrogen nutrient release based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S12, the dispensing ratio and the release ratio are selected according to the interval range in the following table:
5. the method for determining the model for reducing the nitrogen nutrients in the controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the model for reducing the nitrogen nutrients in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows:
y=0.63x-13.62(20≤x≤75)；
y=0.11x+25.43(x＞75)；
wherein x is the preparation proportion (%) of the controlled release urea; y is the nitrogen nutrient application ratio (%).
6. The method for determining the model of reduced application of nitrogen nutrients based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice yield reduction in step S14 means that the rice yield after one-time basal application with reduced nitrogen fertilizer is not significantly different from the rice yield after one-time basal application with reduced nitrogen fertilizer by statistical test;
wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for three times, namely a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a spike fertilizer.
7. A method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on a nitrogen nutrient reduced fertilization model of a controlled release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a basic formula of the rice fertilization; setting the distribution proportion of the controlled release urea according to local soil and climate conditions;
s2, calculating the reduced application amount of nitrogen nutrient and the fertilizing amount of rice according to the basic formula and the controlled release urea formula determined in the step S1 and the reduced application model obtained by the determination method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on the nitrogen nutrient reduction model of the controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the controlled release fertilizer is resin coated urea;
the rice is early rice, late rice or middle rice;
wherein the basic formula of the early season rice is N-P in kg/mu2O5-K2O=（10~12）-（5~6）-（8~10）；
The basic formula of the late rice or the middle rice is N-P2O5-K2O=（12~14）-（5~6）-（8~10）。
9. The method for designing a rice fertilization formula based on the nitrogen nutrient reduction model of the controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected for early season rice is 55 days to 70 days;
the controlled release period of the controlled release fertilizer selected by the late rice or the middle rice is 85 days to 105 days.
10. A correction method of a nitrogen nutrient reduction model based on a controlled release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s111, determining a basic formula of rice fertilization;
s112, setting the distribution proportion of the controlled release urea from high to low to different intervals, setting corresponding nitrogen nutrient distribution proportion intervals according to the distribution proportion number of the controlled release urea in the distribution model obtained by the determination method of any one of claims 1 to 6, selecting at least one distribution proportion in each distribution proportion interval, and selecting 2 to 3 different distribution proportions in the corresponding distribution proportion interval according to each distribution proportion;
s113, calculating corresponding fertilizing amount according to the controlled release urea distribution proportion and the nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion set in the S112 and the basic fertilizing formula determined in the step S111;
s114, performing field planting tests according to the fertilizing amount obtained in the step S113, counting the yield, sequencing the yields obtained by reducing the application proportion of the nitrogen nutrients under each distribution proportion, finding out the corresponding nitrogen nutrient reduction proportion under the condition of the highest yield, and then drawing a corrected reduction model according to the distribution proportion of the controlled release urea and the corresponding reduction proportion under the condition of the highest yield on the basis of no reduction of the rice.
11. The method for correcting the nitrogen nutrient release model based on the controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 10, wherein in step S112, the distribution ratio of the controlled release urea and the release ratio of the nitrogen nutrient are respectively set to 5-8 intervals;
wherein, the proportion range of the controlled release urea is 5-100%; the application reduction ratio range of the nitrogen nutrients is 5-35%.
12. The method for modifying the nitrogen nutrient release model based on the controlled release fertilizer of claim 10 or 11, wherein in step S112, the distribution ratio of the controlled release urea and the release ratio of the nitrogen nutrient are respectively set to 6 intervals, and the specific intervals are set as follows:
。
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