CN112421359A - All-fiber pulse frequency multiplier with low dispersion difference - Google Patents
All-fiber pulse frequency multiplier with low dispersion difference Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06725—Fibre characterized by a specific dispersion, e.g. for pulse shaping in soliton lasers or for dispersion compensating [DCF]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094049—Guiding of the pump light
- H01S3/094053—Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle
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Abstract
The invention provides a low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier, which comprises: 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler, low dispersion hollow optical fiber, and NX 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler. The femtosecond optical pulse is divided into N paths by a 1 multiplied by N optical fiber beam-splitting coupler, the pulse width of the N paths of optical pulses is kept basically unchanged after the N paths of optical pulses pass through low-dispersion hollow optical fibers with length difference, a delay optical pulse sequence which is increased progressively according to gradient is generated, the gradient value of the optical pulse delay difference depends on the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse and the target repetition frequency which needs to be multiplied, and the N paths of delayed optical pulses are finally output through the N multiplied by 1 optical fiber beam-combining coupler in a frequency-combining mode. The invention realizes the frequency multiplication of the low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse, can obtain the femtosecond laser pulse with GHz or higher frequency, solves the technical problem of frequency multiplication of the femtosecond pulse in the fiber laser, and is suitable for a high repetition frequency femtosecond laser system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a low-dispersion-difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier.
Background
The femtosecond laser has the characteristics of ultra-fast time and ultra-high peak power, when the femtosecond laser is used for material processing, all energy can be injected into a very small action area at an extremely fast speed, the absorption and movement modes of electrons are changed due to instantaneous high-energy-density deposition, and the influence of energy transfer, diffusion and the like caused by laser linear absorption is avoided, so that the interaction mode of the laser and a substance is fundamentally changed, the femtosecond laser processing becomes a non-hot-melting cold treatment process with ultra-high precision, ultra-high spatial resolution and wide material adaptability, and the brand-new field of laser processing is created.
The main method for obtaining the femtosecond ultrashort pulse is to realize the locking of different oscillation longitudinal mode phase relations by using a mode locking technology, so that each mode is coherently superposed to obtain the ultrashort pulse. The mode locking method mainly comprises two methods: active mode locking and passive mode locking. Mode locking is generally achieved by means of loss modulation, except for active phase modulation, where mode locking is most commonly produced by saturable absorption effects. The saturation absorption effect, i.e. the stronger the light intensity, the weaker the absorption of the working substance, and when the light intensity is strong enough, the saturated absorber is "bleached" and no more light is absorbed. The shorter the relaxation time of the saturation absorption, the narrower the mode-locked pulse width that can be supported, and the higher the upper limit of the repetition frequency. The current industrial femtosecond laser generally adopts an optical fiber mode locking seed source and has the characteristics of high stability, easy coupling, low cost and the like. The repetition frequency of the ultrashort pulse laser generated by the oscillator is generally 10MHz-100 MHz under the limitation of the length of a gain medium and a tail fiber of a device, nonlinearity, dispersion management and other conditions.
The traditional femtosecond laser micro-machining is usually operated under low average power and lower repetition frequency (<1MHz) for a long time, the heat accumulated by femtosecond pulses can be ignored, and the effect of cold machining can be realized. However, research in this year finds that, when a GHz femtosecond laser with a higher repetition rate is used for material processing, the processing quality is not reduced, the heat generated by the laser and the material during processing is rather helpful to improve the Ablation efficiency, the Ablation efficiency Can reach the Ablation efficiency of a nanosecond laser, and the side effects related to heat are limited and controllable, which not only Can improve the productivity, but also Can improve the control of the heat effect.
At present, the methods for obtaining high repetition frequency ultrashort pulse laser mainly include the following methods:
(1) the solid gain medium of the solid mode-locked laser is short, and GHz repetition frequency pulse output can be realized by the aid of the short solid gain medium and the shorter cavity length. The article "Diode-pumped gigahertz femtosecond Yb: KGW laser with peak power of 3.9 kW" by Selina Pekarek discloses a GHz femtosecond laser oscillator based on a saturable absorber and a KGW gain crystal, but this method uses an all-solid-state spatial coupling mode, has poor environmental resistance (vibration, temperature drift) and is not highly compatible with a fiber laser system.
(2) The high-repetition-frequency method in the cavity of the optical fiber oscillator mainly utilizes a short phosphate gain optical fiber, but the optical fiber technology is not mature, a commercial optical fiber is not available, the dispersion management is difficult, and a spectrum which can support femtosecond pulses is difficult to obtain; a high repetition frequency method in an optical fiber oscillation cavity mainly utilizes high-gain short phosphate and silicate optical fibers, which is described in a Wang Wen Long Master thesis of south China theory of technology university, 1.0 mu m wave band high repetition frequency passive mode-locked optical fiber laser research, recorded in Chinese informed network 2019, but the optical fiber technology is not mature, no commercial optical fiber exists, dispersion management is difficult, and a spectrum which can support femtosecond pulses is difficult to obtain.
(3) A harmonic mode-locked laser is disclosed in the text of rational harmonic mode-locking and repetition frequency division of an active mode-locked fiber laser by Jinlong, Dongxiao and the like, but the scheme has high implementation difficulty and poor stability, and pulse drift and noise-like pulses are easy to occur; by using a high-frequency electro-optical modulator, an active mode-locked laser and a passive mode-locked laser, femtosecond pulses are not easy to obtain due to the limitation of modulation bandwidth, and the pulse width of the femtosecond pulses is mostly more than 10 picoseconds.
(4) An external cavity frequency multiplication technology, based on a mature femtosecond oscillator with a lower repetition frequency (10M-100MHz) as a front end, by a scheme of beam splitting, delaying and re-beam combining, the current realization scheme is mainly 1, a space optical component is adopted, and the method is mentioned in the 'Study on frequency of laser repetition using an optical fiber cavity' reported by T.Kobayashi et al of the university of early Oryza japonica, the optical pulse of 36.0MHz is successfully multiplied to 144MHz, if the femtosecond oscillator with the repetition frequency of 10M-100MHz is multiplied to GHz, the delay difference is about 1-100ns, the optical path is up to 30 meters at most, so the scheme of the space structure has an abnormally large volume and needs to solve the problem of beam change caused by transmission; 2. and (3) adopting a fiber splitting delay synthesis scheme, F.
A method for obtaining 3.5GHz pulses by cascading common optical fibers is reported in a 3.5-GHz intra-burst repetition Yb-doped fiber laser article by Ilday et al, and the scheme adopts medium optical fibers with different lengths as delay optical fibers to cause inconsistent dispersion accumulation of all branches, so that the perfect compression of all pulses in the same pulse compressor cannot be ensured, and the measured pulse autocorrelation trace has an obvious base.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical defects, the invention provides a low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier which is used for solving the technical problem of multiplying the femtosecond pulse frequency in a fiber laser and obtaining the femtosecond laser pulse with the consistent pulse width and the frequency of GHz or higher.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical defects is as follows: a low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier is disclosed, and its system structure is shown in FIG. 1. The method comprises the following steps: 1 XN optical fiber beam-splitting coupler, low dispersion hollow core fiber, NX 1An optical fiber beam combining coupler. The method is characterized in that: the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler has the advantages that the tail fiber lengths of the N ends are consistent, the function is that the seed light pulse is divided into N paths, meanwhile, the dispersion consistency is guaranteed, and N depends on the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse and the target repetition frequency needing to be multiplied. As shown in the pulse timing relationship of FIG. 2, the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse is assumed to be f0Corresponding to a pulse period of
The target repetition frequency to be multiplied is foutIf N is fout/f0N is an integer, the corresponding pulse period becomes
The connection mode is as follows: the 1 end tail fiber of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is connected with a femtosecond seed source, wherein the optical fiber material of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler can be quartz glass, soft glass or polymer.
The low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber can be an anti-resonant optical fiber, a Kagome optical fiber and the like, the dispersion coefficient of the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber is usually less than 1ps/nm/km, and the connection mode is as follows: the N-end tail fiber of the 1 × N optical fiber beam splitting coupler is connected to a low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber, the lengths of the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fibers in the respective channels are different, the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fibers are used for obtaining different pulse delays, the pulse delays are related to the repetition frequency of a seed pulse and a target repetition frequency required to be multiplied, the length difference is Δ L ═ Δ t × c/N (c is the light speed, N is the effective refractive index of the optical fiber, and for the hollow-core optical fibers, N ═ 1 ± 0.001, which can be regarded as 1), and the structural relationship is shown in fig. 3. The connection mode of the N-end optical fiber of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler and the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber can be fusion welding or micro-optical device coupling packaging.
The Nx 1 optical fiber beam-combining coupler has the advantages that the tail fiber lengths of the N ends are consistent, the function is to combine N paths of delay optical pulses into one path for output, and the consistency of the tail fiber lengths of the N ends ensures the balance of the dispersion of each shunt circuit. The beam splitting connection mode is as follows: the N end tail fiber of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner is connected with the other end of the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber, wherein the connection mode of the N end optical fiber of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner and the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber can be fusion welding or coupling packaging of micro optical devices, and the optical fiber material of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner can be quartz glass, soft glass or polymer.
The optical fiber beam splitter/combiner can be a single integrated beam splitter and is realized by structures such as optical fiber fusion-drawing, micro-optical coupling packaging, waveguide beam splitting and the like; it can also be realized by multiple 1 × M (M < N) cascades or combinations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier, which can obtain femtosecond laser pulses with GHz or higher frequency and solves the technical problem of multiplying the femtosecond pulse frequency in a fiber laser.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating a pulse frequency multiplication method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential lengths of hollow-core fibers according to the present invention;
FIG. 4a pulse sequence measurement of a seed source;
FIG. 4b is a time domain pulse diagram of a seed source of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a pulse sequence diagram of the final output of the present invention;
fig. 5b is a diagram of the laser time domain pulse of the final output of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a femtosecond seed source, 1 end tail fiber of a 2.1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler, 3.1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler, N end tail fiber of a 4.1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler, 5 is low dispersion hollow optical fiber with length difference, 6 is N end tail fiber of an NX 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler, 7 is N X1 optical fiber beam combining coupler, and 8 is 1 end tail fiber of the NX 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention, which includes 1 femtosecond seed source, 1 end pigtail of 2.1 × N optical fiber splitting coupler, 3.1 × N optical fiber splitting coupler, N end pigtail of 4.1 × N optical fiber splitting coupler, 5 low dispersion hollow optical fiber with length difference, N end pigtail of 6.N × 1 optical fiber beam combiner, 7.N × 1 optical fiber beam combiner, and 1 end pigtail of 8.N × 1 optical fiber beam combiner. The connection mode is as follows: the femtosecond seed source 1 is connected with the 1 end tail fiber 2 of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler, the N end tail fiber 4 of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is connected with the low dispersion hollow optical fiber 5 with length difference, the other end of the low dispersion hollow optical fiber 5 with length difference is connected with the N end tail fiber 6 of the NX 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler, and the 1 end tail fiber 8 of the NX 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler 7 is the femtosecond optical pulse after beam combination.
The specific working principle is described with reference to fig. 1: the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler 3 divides the optical pulse of the femtosecond seed source 1 into N paths, wherein N depends on the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse and the target repetition frequency needing to be multiplied, and the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse is assumed to be f0The target repetition frequency to be multiplied is foutIf N is fout/finN is an integer; the separated N channels of femtosecond optical pulses are connected with a low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber 5 with length difference, the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber with length difference is introduced to generate a delay difference which is increased according to gradient, the gradient value of the delay difference depends on the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulses and the target repetition frequency which needs to be multiplied, namely
And finally, the delayed femtosecond optical pulse is subjected to frequency combination output through an Nx 1 optical fiber beam combination coupler 7.
The device parameters actually used in this example are:
the femtosecond seed source 1 adopts a femtosecond seed source with the repetition frequency of 95MHz, the wavelength of 1030nm and the pulse width of 350fs, and the pulse of the femtosecond seed source is pulse; the impulse sequence diagram and the time domain impulse diagram are respectively shown in fig. 4a and 4 b;
the 1 × N optical fiber beam splitting coupler 3 adopts a 1 × 12 optical fiber beam splitting coupler, and the beam splitting ratios are consistent;
the low dispersion hollow core fiber 5 having a length difference is Kagome fiber having a dispersion coefficient of about 0.8 + -0.2 ps/nm/km at 1030.
The Nx 1 optical fiber beam-combining coupler 7 adopts a 12 x 1 optical fiber beam-combining coupler, and the splitting ratios are consistent.
The final output repetition frequency of this example can reach 1.14GHz, and the delay difference of the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber 5 with the length difference is calculated as
Corresponding difference in fiber length
Theoretically, the maximum difference of the fiber lengths of 12 optical paths is (12-1) × 0.263 ═ 2.893m, and since the dispersion coefficient of the Kagome fiber is about 0.8ps/nm/km at 1030, the dispersion brought by each optical path is small, and the maximum group velocity dispersion difference is: 1304.7fs2Maximum influence on the output pulse<1 fs. In contrast, with a conventional silica glass fiber having a dispersion coefficient of 24ps/nm/km, the maximum group velocity dispersion difference will be>39000fs2The output pulses will be distributed between 350fs and 470 fs.
The actual values of the finally designed 12-path optical fiber are as follows:
the repetition frequency of 95MHz laser output by the femtosecond seed source 1 after passing through a low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier is 1.14GHz, and the pulse width is the dispersion (40000 fs) caused by common glass fiber of the beam splitter/combiner2) And the pulse width of each channel is obtained by widening 470fs and compensating the partial dispersion through an external compressor, and the pulse width of each channel is 351 +/-2 fs, wherein the difference is caused by the time error during actual optical fiber cutting and connection. The pulse sequence chart and the pulse width measurement chart are shown in fig. 5a and 5b, respectively.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier comprising: 1 × N optical fiber beam splitting coupler, low dispersion hollow optical fiber and N × 1 optical fiber beam combining coupler; the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is characterized in that the tail fiber lengths of N ends of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler are consistent, the dispersion consistency is ensured, N depends on the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse and the target repetition frequency required to be multiplied, and the repetition frequency of the femtosecond seed pulse is assumed to be f0The target repetition frequency to be multiplied is foutIf N is fout/f0N is an integer; the connection mode is as follows: the 1 end tail fiber of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is connected with a femtosecond seed source, wherein the optical fiber material of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is quartz glass, soft glass or polymer.
2. The low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier of claim 1, wherein said low dispersion hollow-core fiber is an antiresonant fiber or a Kagome fiber, the dispersion coefficient is less than 1ps/nm/km, femtosecond laser pulses are transmitted in said fiber, and the variation of the pulse width is almost zero; the connection mode is as follows: the N-end tail fiber of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler is connected with the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber, the length of the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber in each channel has difference for obtaining different pulse delay, the pulse delay is related to the repetition frequency of the seed pulse and the target repetition frequency needing multiplication, and the delay difference caused by the length difference is
The connection mode of the N-end optical fiber of the 1 XN optical fiber beam splitting coupler and the low-dispersion hollow-core optical fiber is welding or coupling packaging of micro-optical devices.
3. The low dispersion difference all-fiber pulse frequency multiplier of claim 1, wherein the N x 1 fiber combiner coupler has the same length of the N-end pigtails, and functions to combine N delayed optical pulses into one output, and the length consistency of the N-end pigtails ensures the balance of the dispersion of each branch, and the connection method is: the N end tail fiber of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner is connected with the other end of the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber, wherein the connection mode of the N end optical fiber of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner and the low dispersion hollow-core optical fiber is welding or micro-optical device coupling packaging, and the optical fiber material of the Nx 1 optical fiber beam combiner is quartz glass, soft glass or polymer.
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| CN114285484A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Preparation method of high-precision low-clutter MZI interference type optical pulse repetition frequency multiplier |
| CN114566856A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-31 | 西北核技术研究所 | Device and method for generating laser pulse train |
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| CN114285484A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Preparation method of high-precision low-clutter MZI interference type optical pulse repetition frequency multiplier |
| CN114285484B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Preparation method of high-precision low-clutter MZI interference type optical pulse repetition frequency multiplier |
| CN114566856A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-31 | 西北核技术研究所 | Device and method for generating laser pulse train |
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