CN112400626A - Environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method - Google Patents
Environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method which comprises the steps of site selection, substrate making, seedling selection, planting, daily management and flowering period management. According to the environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium wild-imitating cultivation method, the survival rate of dendrobium is guaranteed through reasonable site selection, substrate cultivation and seedling selection, meanwhile, organic fertilizers and nutrient fertilizers capable of being rapidly decomposed and absorbed are adopted, and pests are trapped and killed in advance, so that the planting cost is reduced, the quality and the yield of dendrobium are guaranteed on the premise of not spraying pesticides and other chemical agents on a large scale, and the environment is protected to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting, in particular to an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium wild-imitating cultivation method.
Background
Dendrobium nobile also called XianHu orchid rhyme, chlorophytum comosum, Linlan and the like, belongs to orchidaceae, mostly grows in mountainous areas in south China, the stem of Dendrobium nobile is upright, the meat is fleshy and thick, and is slightly flat and cylindrical, and the Dendrobium nobile can be used for medicine, has sweet, light and slightly salty taste and cold property, enters stomach, kidney and lung channels, benefits stomach, engenders liquid, nourishes yin, clears heat, is used for yin injury and body fluid deficiency, dry mouth, polydipsia, anorexia, retching, asthenic fever after illness and dim eyesight.
With the increasing market demand, the supply of dendrobium is in short supply, and the merchants begin to plant dendrobium on a large scale so as to meet the market demand and earn high profits. In order to ensure the acre yield, merchants begin to use pesticides and fertilizers in a large scale, and seriously pollute the ecological environment and the quality of dendrobium, so an environment-friendly and pollution-free dendrobium wild-imitating cultivation method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method, which has the effect of environmental protection.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the technical purpose: an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting pine forest with elevation of 200-;
s2, preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing the mountain base soil, the ceramic fragments, the sawdust and the Chile moss to serve as a matrix, uniformly spraying disinfectant on the matrix according to 100 plus 150ml/kg of the matrix, uniformly stirring, adding 25-80g/kg of the matrix of the organic fertilizer, and then covering a plastic bag for sealing for 2-3 days;
s3, selecting seedlings: selecting plants with pure variety characteristics and strong growth, with undamaged epidermis stems and leaves, the length of the plants is 3-5cm, the number of leaves of the tissue culture seedlings is 3-4, and the number of roots is more than 4;
s4, planting: digging 4-6cm deep seedling holes on the substrate in 3-4 months per year, straightening the roots of the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the seedling holes, covering the substrate, planting the seedlings at a plant spacing of 5-8cm multiplied by 10-15cm by taking 4 plants as a cluster, watering sufficient root fixing water, adding 2-3L of water with 30-60% of carbendazim after the transplanting is finished, and spraying and disinfecting the leaves;
s5, daily management: spraying and watering for 2 times a day by using spraying equipment, pruning branches according to seasons, ensuring that the light is shielded from 50-60% in summer and autumn and 35-45% in winter, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 13-17 days after 6-8 days of cultivation, continuously spraying nutrient fertilizer for 1 time every 25-32 days for 2 months, 4-10 months, and stopping fertilizing 2 months before harvesting;
s6, flowering phase management: when the flowering period of the dendrobium comes to the next 5-6 months, buds grow to remove flowers, the buds are cut off, and a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% -3% is smeared at the cut to prevent the stems from being damaged.
Preferably, the nutrient fertilizer in the step S5 is prepared by soaking and fermenting decomposed pine bark, pine leaves, straw powder, rice chaff and peanut shell powder in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the disinfectant in step S2 is prepared by mixing 40% formalin solution and 0.3% potassium permanganate solution 1: 1.
In the step S4, after the seedlings are placed in the seedling holes and covered with the substrate, a mixture of quicklime and tea seed cake powder with a thickness of 0.5-2cm is uniformly spread along the edge of the substrate.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the quicklime to the tea seed cake powder in the mixture is 2-3: 1.
In the step S2, the organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure with the water content of 70-80%.
As optimization, the method also comprises a pest control step, and specifically comprises the following steps: after the dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15-30 days, first pest trapping and killing devices based on the interest yellowness and second pest trapping and killing devices based on the ultraviolet rays are alternately arranged at preset intervals along the running direction of the soil moisture.
As optimization, 1-3 first pest trapping and killing devices are continuously arranged, then a second pest trapping and killing device is arranged, the corresponding preset distance of the first pest trapping and killing devices is 5-15 meters, and the corresponding preset distance of the second pest trapping and killing devices is 20-30 meters.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium wild-imitating cultivation method, which ensures the survival rate of dendrobium through reasonable site selection, substrate culture and seedling selection, adopts organic fertilizers and nutrient fertilizers which can be rapidly decomposed and absorbed, and traps and kills pests in advance, thereby reducing the planting cost, ensuring the quality and the yield of dendrobium and protecting the environment to the maximum extent on the premise of not spraying pesticides and other chemical agents on a large scale.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting pine forest with elevation of 200m, annual rainfall of 1100ml, annual average temperature of 18 ℃, minimum temperature of more than 5 ℃, relative air humidity of 50% in summer, illumination of 10000Lx and canopy density of 0.6;
s2, preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing mountain foundation soil, ceramic fragments, sawdust and Chilean moss to serve as a matrix, uniformly spraying 100ml of disinfectant on each kg of the matrix, uniformly mixing, adding 25g of organic fertilizer, and covering a plastic bag for sealing for 2 days;
s3, selecting seedlings: selecting plants with pure variety characteristics and strong growth, undamaged epidermis stems and leaves, the length of the plants is 3cm, the number of leaves of the tissue culture seedlings is 3, and the number of roots is more than 4;
s4, planting: digging 4 cm-deep seedling holes on a substrate by using a flat shovel in 3 months every year, straightening roots of the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the seedling holes, covering the substrate, planting the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 6cm multiplied by 12cm by taking 4 plants as a cluster, watering enough root fixing water, adding 2L of water into 50 percent carbendazim after the transplanting is finished, spraying and disinfecting the leaf surfaces, and simultaneously uniformly paving a mixture of 0.5 thickness of quicklime and tea seed cake powder along the edge of the substrate, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the tea seed cake powder is 2: 1;
s5, daily management: spraying and watering for 2 times a day by using spraying equipment, pruning branches according to seasons to ensure that the shading is 50% in summer and autumn and 35% in winter, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days after one week of cultivation, continuously spraying nutrient fertilizer for 2 months and 4 months, spraying nutrient fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days, and stopping fertilizing 2 months before harvesting;
s6, flowering phase management: and (3) flowering the dendrobium in 5 months in the next year, removing flowers after the flowering phase of the dendrobium comes, shearing off the flower buds by using disinfected scissors, and smearing a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% at the cut to prevent the stem from being damaged.
The nutrient fertilizer in the S5 is prepared by soaking and fermenting decomposed pine bark, pine leaves, straw powder, rice chaff and peanut shell powder in water at 20 ℃.
The disinfectant solution of S2 is prepared by mixing formalin solution with concentration of 40% and potassium permanganate solution with concentration of 0.3% in a ratio of 1: 1. The organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure with the water content of 70 percent as raw materials.
Meanwhile, after the dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15-30 days, two first pest trapping and killing devices based on the yellowing interest are arranged at intervals of 5 meters along the trend of the moisture of the soil, then second pest trapping and killing devices based on the ultraviolet rays are arranged at intervals of 20 meters, and two first pest trapping and killing devices based on the yellowing interest are arranged at intervals of 5 meters, so that the cycle is carried out. The first pest trap and kill device can trap and kill pests like aphid which likes yellow, and the second pest trap and kill device can kill other pests, so that good growth of dendrobium seedlings is guaranteed.
Example 2:
an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting pine forest with elevation of 700m, annual rainfall of 1300ml, annual average temperature of 27 ℃, minimum temperature of more than 5 ℃, relative air humidity of 70% in summer, illumination of 13000Lx and canopy density of 0.7;
s2, preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing mountain foundation soil, ceramic fragments, sawdust and Chilean moss to serve as a matrix, uniformly spraying 150ml of disinfectant on the matrix, uniformly stirring, adding 80g of organic fertilizer, covering a plastic bag, and sealing for 3 days;
s3, selecting seedlings: selecting plants with pure variety characteristics and strong growth, undamaged epidermis stems and leaves, the length of the plants is 5cm, the number of leaves of the tissue culture seedlings is 4, and the number of roots is more than 4;
s4, planting: digging a seedling hole with the depth of 6cm on a substrate in 4 months every year, straightening the roots of the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the seedling hole, covering the substrate, planting the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 6cm multiplied by 12cm by taking 4 plants as a cluster, watering enough root fixing water, adding 3L of water into carbendazim with the concentration of 50 percent after the transplanting is finished, spraying and disinfecting the leaves, and simultaneously uniformly paving a mixture of 1 thickness of quicklime and tea seed cake powder along the edge of the substrate, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the tea seed cake powder is 2.5: 1;
s5, daily management: spraying and watering for 2 times a day by using spraying equipment, pruning branches according to seasons to ensure that the shading is 60% in summer and autumn and 45% in winter, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days after one week of cultivation, continuously spraying nutrient fertilizer for 2 months and 10 months, spraying nutrient fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days, and stopping fertilizing 2 months before harvesting;
s6, flowering phase management: and (3) flowering the dendrobium in the second 6 months, removing flowers after the flowering phase of the dendrobium comes, shearing off the flower buds by using the disinfected scissors, and smearing a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 3% at the cut to prevent the stem from being damaged.
The nutrient fertilizer in the S5 is prepared by soaking and fermenting decomposed pine bark, pine leaves, straw powder, rice chaff and peanut shell powder in water at 30 ℃.
The disinfectant solution of S2 is prepared by mixing formalin solution with concentration of 40% and potassium permanganate solution with concentration of 0.3% in a ratio of 1: 1. The organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure with the water content of 80 percent.
Meanwhile, after the dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15-30 days, 1 first pest trapping and killing device based on the yellow interest is arranged at intervals of 15 meters along the trend of the soil moisture, then a second pest trapping and killing device based on ultraviolet rays is arranged at intervals of 30 meters, and then 1 first pest trapping and killing device based on the yellow interest is arranged at intervals of 15 meters, so that the cycle is carried out. The first pest trap and kill device can trap and kill pests like aphid which likes yellow, and the second pest trap and kill device can kill other pests, so that good growth of dendrobium seedlings is guaranteed.
Example 3:
an environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting pine forest with elevation of 500m, annual rainfall of 1200ml, annual average temperature of 23 ℃, minimum temperature of more than 5 ℃, relative air humidity of 60% in summer, illumination of 12000Lx and canopy density of 0.6;
s2, preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing mountain foundation soil, ceramic fragments, sawdust and Chilean moss to serve as a matrix, uniformly spraying 120ml of disinfectant on each kg of the matrix, uniformly mixing, adding 45g of organic fertilizer, and covering a plastic bag for sealing for 3 days;
s3, selecting seedlings: selecting plants with pure variety characteristics and strong growth, undamaged epidermis stems and leaves, the length of the plants is 4cm, the number of leaves of the tissue culture seedlings is 3, and the number of roots is more than 4;
s4, planting: digging 5 cm-deep seedling holes on a substrate by using a flat shovel in 3 months every year, straightening roots of the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the seedling holes, covering the substrate, planting the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 6cm multiplied by 12cm by taking 4 plants as a cluster, watering enough root fixing water, adding 2L of water into 50 percent carbendazim after the transplanting is finished, spraying and disinfecting the leaves, and simultaneously uniformly paving a mixture of 2 cm-thick quicklime and tea seed cake powder along the edge of the substrate, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime to the tea seed cake powder is 3: 1;
s5, daily management: spraying and watering for 2 times a day by using spraying equipment, pruning branches according to seasons to ensure that 55% of shading is performed in summer and autumn and 40% of shading is performed in winter, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 15 days after one week of cultivation, continuously spraying nutrient fertilizer for 2 months and 4 months, spraying nutrient fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days, and stopping fertilizing 2 months before harvesting;
s6, flowering phase management: and (3) flowering the dendrobium in 5 months in the next year, removing flowers after the flowering phase of the dendrobium comes, shearing off the flower buds by using disinfected scissors, and smearing a 2% potassium permanganate solution at the cut to prevent the stem from being damaged.
The nutrient fertilizer in the S5 is prepared by soaking and fermenting decomposed pine bark, pine leaves, straw powder, rice chaff and peanut shell powder in water at 20 ℃.
The disinfectant solution of S2 is prepared by mixing formalin solution with concentration of 40% and potassium permanganate solution with concentration of 0.3% in a ratio of 1: 1. The organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure with the water content of 75 percent.
Meanwhile, after the dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15-30 days, two first pest trapping and killing devices based on the yellowing interest are arranged at intervals of 10 meters along the trend of the moisture of the soil, then second pest trapping and killing devices based on ultraviolet rays are arranged at intervals of 25 meters, and two first pest trapping and killing devices based on the yellowing interest are arranged at intervals of 10 meters, so that the cycle is carried out. The first pest trap and kill device can trap and kill pests like aphid which likes yellow, and the second pest trap and kill device can kill other pests, so that good growth of dendrobium seedlings is guaranteed.
The survival rate of the transplanted tissue obtained in examples 1-3 under the same conditions and methods is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Group of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Survival rate | 99.1% | 98.7% | 99.3% |
After the transplantation of the samples 1-3 according to the same conditions and methods, the same water and fertilizer management is carried out under the condition of not carrying out the pest control drug management, and the pest incidence rate is shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2
| Group of | Rate of disease and pest damage | Growth conditions |
| Example 1 | 6.5% | The leaves are fat and basically free from insect bite |
| Example 2 | 8.9% | The leaves are fat and basically free from insect bite |
| Example 3 | 7.6% | The leaves are fat and basically free from insect bite |
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, address selection: selecting pine forest with elevation of 200-;
s2, preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing the mountain base soil, the ceramic fragments, the sawdust and the Chile moss to serve as a matrix, uniformly spraying disinfectant on the matrix according to 100 plus 150ml/kg of the matrix, uniformly stirring, adding 25-80g/kg of the matrix of the organic fertilizer, and then covering a plastic bag for sealing for 2-3 days;
s3, selecting seedlings: selecting plants with pure variety characteristics and strong growth, with undamaged epidermis stems and leaves, the length of the plants is 3-5cm, the number of leaves of the tissue culture seedlings is 3-4, and the number of roots is more than 4;
s4, planting: digging 4-6cm deep seedling holes on the substrate in 3-4 months per year, straightening the roots of the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the seedling holes, covering the substrate, planting the seedlings at a plant spacing of 5-8cm multiplied by 10-15cm by taking 4 plants as a cluster, watering sufficient root fixing water, adding 2-3L of water with 30-60% of carbendazim after the transplanting is finished, and spraying and disinfecting the leaves;
s5, daily management: spraying and watering for 2 times a day by using spraying equipment, pruning branches according to seasons, ensuring that the light is shielded from 50-60% in summer and autumn and 35-45% in winter, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 13-17 days after 6-8 days of cultivation, continuously spraying nutrient fertilizer for 1 time every 25-32 days for 2 months, 4-10 months, and stopping fertilizing 2 months before harvesting;
s6, flowering phase management: when the flowering period of the dendrobium comes to the next 5-6 months, buds grow to remove flowers, the buds are cut off, and a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% -3% is smeared at the cut to prevent the stems from being damaged.
2. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutrient fertilizer in the step S5 is prepared by soaking and fermenting decomposed pine bark, pine leaves, straw powder, rice chaff and peanut shell powder in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
3. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfectant in the step S2 is prepared by mixing 40% formalin solution and 0.3% potassium permanganate solution in a ratio of 1: 1.
4. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: step S4, putting the seedlings into the seedling holes and covering the seedling holes with the substrate, and then uniformly paving a mixture of quicklime and tea seed cake powder with the thickness of 0.5-2cm along the edge of the substrate.
5. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the mixture, the weight ratio of the quicklime to the tea seed cake powder is 2-3: 1.
6. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile cultivation method imitating wild cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer in the S2 is prepared from chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure with the water content of 70-80 percent as raw materials.
7. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: still include the pest control step, specifically do: after the dendrobium seedlings are planted for 15-30 days, first pest trapping and killing devices based on the interest yellowness and second pest trapping and killing devices based on the ultraviolet rays are alternately arranged at preset intervals along the running direction of the soil moisture.
8. The environment-friendly pollution-free dendrobium nobile wild-imitating cultivation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: and 1-3 first pest trapping and killing devices are continuously arranged, and then a second pest trapping and killing device is arranged, wherein the corresponding preset distance of the first pest trapping and killing devices is 5-15 meters, and the corresponding preset distance of the second pest trapping and killing devices is 20-30 meters.
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