CN112400477B - Relieving-gear-toothed-roller combined peanut pickup device - Google Patents
Relieving-gear-toothed-roller combined peanut pickup device Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- A01D51/00—Apparatus for gathering together crops spread on the soil, e.g. apples, beets, nuts, potatoes, cotton, cane sugar
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Abstract
A relieving tooth-tooth roller combined peanut pickup device belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The novel rotary drum is characterized by comprising picking shovel teeth, a drum protecting plate, a picking drum and side plates, wherein the side plates are arranged on two sides of the picking drum, a central shaft of the picking drum penetrates through the side plates on the two sides and is respectively installed on a bearing seat, the cattail wheels of the picking drum are uniformly arranged on the central shaft at intervals, the drum protecting plate is arranged between every two adjacent cattail wheels, and arc-shaped picking shovel teeth with the same structure are installed at the same position on each drum protecting plate at the advancing front end of a picking device to form a row of picking shovel teeth; when the peanut picking shovel is in work, the arc-shaped picking shovel moves forwards, the front working end of the shovel goes deep into the ground surface, and peanut plants are shoveled to realize picking action; the cattail wheel through picking up the cylinder rotates along with the center pin, realizes that cattail wheel lifts, propelling movement and sky returns the action of station. The invention shovels peanut plants by the shoveling teeth; the follow-up picking actions such as lifting and pushing are completed by the cattail wheel roller. Has the characteristics of small volume, high pick-up rate, low loss rate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a relieving-tooth-roller combined peanut pickup device.
Background
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops in the world and more in China. China is the first major country of world flower production, the peanut planting area in 2018 is 6912 ten thousand mu, which accounts for about 18% of the peanut planting area in the world and is located the second place, the peanut pod yield is 17000kt, which accounts for 40.70% of the world and is located the first place, the peanut and product export amount is 685kt, which accounts for 20.22% of the world and is located the third place. In the production of domestic oil crops, the peanuts are at the top of yield, high in oil content (about 50 percent) and good in quality, and are one of the important edible oils in China, and the peanut meal is a high-quality feed resource. Especially under the situation that the soybean in China mainly depends on import, the peanut production has very important strategic significance.
However, since peanuts are a unique crop with 'flowers on the ground and fruits on the ground', the process of harvesting peanuts, namely harvesting peanut pods, is complex and difficult in many links, and needs a plurality of procedures such as digging, soil removal, laying, airing, picking, cleaning and the like. If the peanuts are harvested manually, the labor amount of the peanuts is about 1/3 of the labor amount of the whole production process, the operation cost is over 50% of the whole production cost, the labor cost is high, the harvesting efficiency is low, the peanuts are difficult to harvest in the optimal harvesting period, the pod loss of the peanuts is increased, the quality of the peanuts is reduced, the planting benefit of the peanuts is reduced, and the production and export of the peanuts are severely restricted. At present, China generally implements peanut harvesting mechanization.
The peanut mechanized harvesting has 3 modes of subsection, two-section and combined harvesting, the subsection harvesting adopts different machines to finish each link of the peanut harvesting in succession, and the used machines are collectively called subsection harvesting machines; the combined harvest is to finish the whole process of peanut harvest by one machine at one time, and the machine is called a peanut combined harvester; the two-stage harvesting is characterized in that the peanut harvesting process is divided into a front stage and a rear stage, wherein the front stage is peanut digging, soil removing, laying and airing, the rear stage is peanut plant ground picking, cleaning and the like, and two types of machinery for completing the front-stage harvesting link and the rear-stage harvesting link are respectively called a peanut harvesting machine and a peanut picking harvester and are collectively called two-stage peanut harvesting. Two-stage harvest mode is always adopted in the United states, and China also develops from the past two-stage harvest to the current two-stage harvest. Although the combined harvest is applied in China, the combined harvest is influenced by the plant characters, the harvest environment, the planting mode and other agricultural techniques, and the popularization area is small.
The pickup device is one of the key components of the peanut pickup harvester, the performance and the working quality of the pickup device not only directly influence the ground pickup rate of peanut plants and the peanut pod dropping loss rate, but also influence the peanut pickup speed and further influence the whole machine harvesting efficiency of the harvester. The peanut picking device has a plurality of influencing factors, wherein the peanut picking device mainly comprises the types of peanut plants, laying and airing conditions after picking and collecting. Peanuts planted in America are all in a creeping type plant shape with multiple branches, the pods of the peanut strip laying are uniform and upward, the peanut strip laying has good continuity and integrity, and the peanut strip laying is easy to pick up without breaking the strips in the picking up process, so that the peanut picking device is developed into an elastic-tooth drum type from a toothed belt type commonly used in the 50 th of the 20 th century.
On the contrary, peanuts in China mainly have upright plant shapes with few branches and small plant shapes, the peanut strip laying continuity and the integrity after picking up and airing are poor, the peanut strip laying and picking process is easy to break and not easy to pick up, and the problems of peanut picking loss, low operation speed and the like are caused. The types of peanut pickup devices applied in China are divided into toothed belt type, elastic toothed drum type and tooth raking combined type, wherein the elastic toothed drum type is divided into a slide type pickup device and a non-slide type pickup device. The toothed belt type pickup device is only applied to small peanut pickup harvesters with small breadth of harvesting operation and low advancing speed of a unit due to the limitation of the pickup breadth and the rotating speed. At present, the medium-sized peanut picking harvester still mostly adopts an elastic tooth drum type and tooth raking combined type picking device. For the slideway type elastic tooth roller picking device, the roller repeatedly impacts the cam disc in the cam slideway to cause fatigue damage of the cam disc, and the picking device periodically vibrates to reduce the applicability and stability of the picking device. And no slide formula bullet tooth cylinder pickup attachment, bullet tooth and cylinder do not have relative swing, rely on the camber change of upper guard plate radian to solve the bullet tooth and to peanut plant the control effect, but increased the pick-up height, make the peanut plant form "hillock". Hug tooth combination formula pickup attachment, adopt to hug the fluted roller and play tooth cylinder pickup attachment cooperation and use, can prevent effectively that the peanut plant "from blockking up and piling", nevertheless formed the secondary to the peanut plant and hit and beat, increase the peanut and fall fruit rate and loss rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the shovel tooth-tooth roller combined peanut pickup device is provided. It is completed by decomposing the pick-up into two steps. Adopt no slide formula cylinder pickup mechanism to add on the backplate between adjacent pu wheel and pick up the relieved tooth, both do benefit to the peanut plant of shoveling, pick up the cylinder simultaneously and rotate around the center pin, accomplish the action of picking up the peanut plant, it has small, picks up the rate height, and the loss rate low grade characteristics pick up width greatly increased for transmission slide formula pickup attachment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a relieving-tooth-roller combined peanut pickup device which comprises pickup relieving teeth, a roller protection plate, pickup rollers and side plates, wherein the side plates are arranged on two sides of each pickup roller, a central shaft of each pickup roller penetrates through the side plates on the two sides and is respectively installed on a bearing seat, the cattail wheels of each pickup roller are uniformly arranged on the central shaft at intervals, the roller protection plate is arranged between every two adjacent cattail wheels, and arc-shaped pickup relieving teeth with the same structure are installed at the same position on each roller protection plate at the advancing front end of the pickup device to form a row of pickup relieving teeth; when the peanut picking shovel is in work, the arc-shaped picking shovel moves forwards, the front working end of the shovel goes deep into the ground surface, and peanut plants are shoveled to realize picking action; the cattail wheel through picking up the cylinder rotates along with the center pin, realizes that the cattail wheel lifts, propelling movement and empty action of returning the station.
Preferably, on the same cross section, the pick-up tine is hinged with the guard plate through an elastic device, an included angle theta between a mounting tangent point of the pick-up tine and a rotation center connecting line of a central shaft of the pick-up drum and an X axis of the central shaft is 0-45 degrees, the shape of the side surface of the pick-up tine is an involute curve, and the radius R of a base circle is220-90 mm corresponding to the central angle alpha2Is 25 to 180 DEG, alpha0＝0～90°，αn＝0～180°。
Preferably, the cylinder of picking up includes the center pin and evenly sets up the cattail wheel on the center pin, the cattail wheel is evenly set up 5 syntropy cattail teeth of a cogwheel along cattail wheel seat circumference and constitutes, and the cattail teeth of a cogwheel pass through elastic swinging mechanism and articulate on the cattail wheel seat, and the cattail teeth of a cogwheel on the adjacent cattail wheel seat are staggered angle alpha mutually2The angle of the cattail wheel teeth on the cattail wheel seats are the same at intervals and are arranged at 36 degrees.
Preferably, the phase angles of the lifting, pushing and idle returning stations of the pickup roller along the circumference are respectively beta1～β3Wherein the initial lifting angle theta of the lifting station during the pick-up process1Is 10-50 degrees, and the lifting initial angle theta1The included angle between the tooth end of the cattail wheel tooth and the connecting line of the center shaft rotation center and the Y axis of the roller along the advancing direction of the pickup device is picked up, and the three phase angles are along the same timeThe needles are sequentially beta 1-100 degrees to 140 degrees, beta 2-60 degrees to 100 degrees, and beta 1+ beta 2+ beta 3-360 degrees.
Preferably, the contact side of the spike gear teeth and the peanut plants is a straight line, the top end of the spike gear teeth is a forward arc structure, and the backward inclination angle theta of the spike gear teeth is3Is-5 to 35 degrees theta3The angle between the hinge point of the cattail gear teeth and the rotation center O of the central shaft is an acute angle in the clockwise direction, an elastic swing mechanism is arranged between the cattail gear teeth and the cattail wheel seat, and the swing range of the cattail gear teeth relative to the cattail wheel seat is-20 DEG through the swing mechanism<ψ<20 degrees, psi is the angle which prevents the spike gear from swinging relative to the peanut plant clamped by the guard plate when the spike gear works.
Preferably, the elastic swing mechanism comprises a torsion spring and an articulated shaft, the two connecting ends of the torsion spring and the articulated shaft form an angle of 180 degrees, the articulated shaft is connected to the cattail wheel seat, the roots of the teeth of the cattail wheel and the torsion spring are sleeved on the articulated shaft, and the two ends of the torsion spring are respectively connected with the roots of the cattail wheel seat and the teeth of the cattail wheel.
Preferably, the curb plate is connected with the posterior lateral plate by left and right curb plate and constitutes, and the curved cylinder backplate that sets up between adjacent pu wheel is installed on the posterior lateral plate, and the clearance that leaves between adjacent backplate is 15-25mm, is greater than pu wheel thickness, ensures to pick up the cattail wheel teeth and stretches out and retract between the backplate.
Preferably, the arc-shaped roller guard plate is composed of a plurality of straight line segments and arc line segments, and is respectively and correspondingly lifted, pushed and returned to three stations:
(1) arc segment of lifting station
By
Composition is carried out; wherein,
the rotation center O of the central shaft with the same section is taken as the center of a circle, R is an arc with a radius, the cattail gear teeth gradually tend to be horizontal from downward inclination along with the rotation of the central shaft at the stage, and the cattail gear teeth extend out of the protection plate to obtain the maximum length L2The point C is the same with the teeth of the cattail wheelThe intersection point of the cattail teeth and the guard plate when in contact;
to be in the same cross section O1As a center of circle, R1Is involute to the radius of a base circle, the point D is the initial point of the arc-shaped protection plate with the curvature radius gradually increasing, the length of the cattail gear teeth extending out of the protection plate is gradually reduced, the cattail gear teeth rotate along with the central shaft to enable peanut plants to move backwards and upwards, the point E is the critical point of the cattail gear teeth from lifting movement to pushing movement
In the rotating process, the distance of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate is gradually reduced, and when the pulley teeth are close to vertical, the lifting station is finished; the center of circle O1(X1,Y1) Wherein X is1＝-20～20mm，Y1＝-20～-80mm，R1＝20～100mm；
(2) The arc line segment corresponding to the pushing station
Wherein,
taking O1 with the same section as a circle center, R1 as an involute of a base circle radius, enabling peanut plants to move backwards and downwards along with the rotation of a central shaft at the stage, enabling the distance of the pulley teeth extending out of a guard plate to be gradually reduced, and enabling the pulley teeth to repeatedly swing relative to a pulley seat at the same time, so that an included angle alpha between the pulley teeth and the guard plate is always larger than a clamping angle of the peanut plants, when the end of the pulley teeth moves to a point F, a pushing station is finished, the pulley teeth are completely retracted into the guard plate, an included angle alpha 1 between the pulley teeth and the guard plate is an included angle between a tangent line of the vertex of the pulley teeth and the guard plate, and a pushing cut-off angle alpha 1 is 60-90 degrees;
(3) the idle return station FC is composed of straight line segments GA, AB and arc segments
Composition is carried out; wherein,
is an involute of the same section O1 with R1 as the base radius and G point as the involute
The intersection point of the rear side plate and the cattail wheel enables the cattail wheel to have enough rotation space at the idle-return station, and GA is the width of the rear side plate of the pickup device; AB is an inclined straight line segment and is cut at
The lifting wheel is positioned in the fourth quadrant by taking the same section O as the circle center, R as a radius arc and the point B close to the Y axis of the central shaft, so that the teeth of the lifting wheel can be fully released at the later stage of the idle return station, and the largest lifting length L is obtained by the teeth of the lifting wheel when the lifting station starts2。
Preferably, the tooth root to tooth tip straight line length L of the cattail gear1Not less than 45, the maximum length L of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate235 to 65mm, L1＞L2。
Preferably, the height difference h between the lowest point of the movement track of the cattail teeth and the lowest point of the relieving teeth is 10-20 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention combines the characteristics of vertical peanut plant strip laying and picking in China, adopts a roller picking mechanism without a slide way, and decomposes the picking into two steps to complete the picking. Firstly, the harvester moves forwards in a matching manner, and the shovel teeth shovel the peanut plants, which is similar to the forward shoveling of the rake; the peanut plants supported by the shovel teeth are easier to pick up. And secondly, finishing subsequent lifting, pushing and other picking actions by the wheel roller mechanism. Different from the traditional typical elastic-tooth roller picking mechanism, the picking mechanism removes the slide way, so that the picking width is greatly increased. Add on the backplate between adjacent pu wheel tooth and pick up the forming relieved tooth, both had done benefit to the shovel and played the peanut plant, pick up the cylinder simultaneously and rotate along rolling the center pin, accomplish the action of picking up to the peanut plant, it has characteristics such as small, picks up the rate height, the loss rate is low.
2. According to the requirements of peanut plant picking characteristics, the relieving teeth adopt involute curve transition, parameters are set, the relieving teeth have good mechanical characteristics, meanwhile, the relieving teeth have better soil penetrating performance, the peanut picking is more flexible due to the gentle curvature transition from bottom to top, and the spike teeth contact the peanut plants to obtain better lifting inclination angles.
3. According to the invention, the sheet cattail wheel type pickup teeth are adopted to replace the traditional pickup spring teeth, the cattail wheel teeth on adjacent cattail wheel seats are arranged in a staggered way by 36 degrees, and the installation angles of the cattail wheel teeth on the cattail wheel seats at intervals are the same. When the picking amount is fixed in unit time, the relatively slow speed operation can be realized, picked peanut plants are not easy to drop fruits, and the purposes of low rotating speed and high efficiency are achieved. Set up swing mechanism between the cattail wheel teeth and cattail wheel seat, the cattail wheel teeth pass through elastic device and cattail wheel seat is articulated, is equipped with the stopper through cattail wheel teeth root both sides and prescribes a limit to swing angle, can avoid because cattail wheel teeth and backplate contained angle undersize at the propelling movement station, and produce the effect of clamping on the peanut plant, and damage because of meetting the too big stone atress in the propelling movement station later stage.
4. According to the shape of the spike gear teeth, the clamping problem of the spike gear teeth and the guard plate on peanut plants at the pushing station is solved by changing the structure of the guard plate at different stations and the limitation of each station angle, the maximum lifting length of the spike gear teeth is ensured at the beginning of the picking station, and the included angle alpha between the spike gear teeth and the guard plate is always larger than the clamping angle of the peanut plants at the pushing station; at the idle work position, guarantee that the cattail wheel has sufficient gyration space to make the cattail wheel can fully put the tooth in idle work position later stage, the cattail teeth of a cogwheel obtain the biggest length of lifting when lifting the station and beginning.
5. Because the peanut plant strips are paved and tightly attached to the ground, the shovel teeth are 20-30 mm into the ground surface when the peanut plant picking and harvesting machine picks and harvests, the cattail wheel is 10-20mm into the ground surface, so that the shovel teeth are made of 65Mn spring steel, the spring steel has high elastic limit and yield ratio, is not easy to generate permanent deformation under high load, and has good wear resistance on the surface, thereby reducing the replacement frequency of the shovel teeth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 1.
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a tooth of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the tooth of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side schematic view of a single shield of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the involute portion of a single shield of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between parameters according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the wheel structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the hydraulic lifting device comprises shovel teeth, 2-cattail wheel teeth, 3-cattail wheel seats, 4-guard plates, 5-central shafts, 6-rear side plates, 7-chain wheels, 8-left bearing seats, 9-left side plates, 10-right side plates, 11-right bearing seats, 12-elastic devices I and 13-elastic devices II;
r is the maximum length L of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate2A radius relative to a center of rotation of the central shaft;
R1is composed of
And
the base radius of the involute;
theta is an included angle between the installation tangent point of the picking relieved tooth and the rotation center connecting line of the central shaft of the picking roller and the X axis of the central shaft;
θ1a lifting initial angle of the lifting station;
θ2is composed of
The central angle corresponding to the involute; 100<θ2<120°；
θ3The back inclination angle of the spike gear teeth is shown;
psi is the swinging angle of the cattail wheel teeth relative to the cattail wheel seat;
L1the length of a straight line from the tooth root to the tooth top of the cattail wheel tooth is;
L2the largest lifting length of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate is the pushing station;
α1the included angle between the pulley teeth and the guard plate when the pulley teeth are transferred to the junction point of the pushing station and the idle-return station;
α2corresponding a central angle for picking up the relieving; r2Is the base radius of the pickup relieved tooth;
α3the cattail wheel teeth on the adjacent cattail wheel seats are staggered in angle;
α0is the starting angle of the involute of the relieving tooth; alpha is alphanIs the cut-off angle of the involute of the relieving.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-4, the tine-gear roller combined peanut picking device comprises picking tine 1, roller guard plates 4, picking rollers and side plates, wherein the side plates are arranged on two sides of the picking roller, a central shaft 5 of the picking roller penetrates through left and right side plates 9 and 10 on two sides and is respectively installed on left and right bearing seats 8 and 11, cattail wheels of the picking roller are evenly arranged on the central shaft 5 at intervals, the roller guard plates 4 are arranged between adjacent cattail wheels, and arc-shaped picking tine 1 with the same structure is installed at the same position on each roller guard plate 4 at the advancing front end of the picking device to form a row of picking tine; when the peanut picking shovel teeth work, the arc-shaped picking shovel teeth 1 move forwards, the working front ends of the shovel teeth 1 go deep into the ground surface, and peanut plants are shoveled to realize picking action; the cattail wheel through picking up the cylinder rotates along with center pin 5, realizes that the cattail wheel lifts, propelling movement and empty action of returning the station.
As shown in figure 9, on the same cross section, the included angle theta between the connecting line of the installation tangent point of the pickup tine 1 and the rotation center of the central shaft 5 of the pickup roller and the axis X of the central shaft is 0-45 degrees, the side surface of the pickup tine 1 is in an involute curve, and the base radius R220-90 mm corresponding to the central angle alpha2Is 25 to 180 degrees. As shown in FIG. 6, when the angle θ is 15 °, the tooth base radius R is set to be equal to2Is 39mm, corresponding to a central angle α 2 ofUsing the fourth quadrant as the starting end, and making a central angle alpha with respect to the starting point2Involute of 78 deg., alpha0＝75，αn＝154°；α0Is the starting angle, alpha, of the involute of the relieved toothnIs the cut-off angle of the involute of the relieving.
As shown in fig. 4, 5, at the during operation, the pu wheel is drawn into earth's surface 10 ~ 20mm, and 20 ~ 30mm are drawn into earth's surface to forming relieved tooth 1, for avoiding forming relieved tooth 1 to receive great external force and take place permanent deformation because of meetting the stone etc. and articulated the constitution through resilient means 12 by two parts arc tooth, resilient means 12 is the torsional spring, and two arc parts are connected respectively at the torsional spring both ends, make forming relieved tooth 1 and form the curve shape that gradually bursts at the seams, can make relieving tooth 1 avoid damaging when meetting great external force in the use.
Pick up the structure that the bullet tooth has the obstacle avoidance function: the forming relieved tooth needs to go deep into the earth's surface 20 ~ 30mm at the during operation, takes place permanent deformation for avoiding the forming relieved tooth to receive great external force because of meetting the stone etc. constitutes the forming of two parts, adopts resilient means and backplate articulated, can make the forming relieved tooth avoid damaging when meetting great external force in the use. The elastic means 12 are designed as springs.
As shown in figure 1, the roller includes center pin 5 and evenly sets up the pu wheel on center pin 5, the pu wheel is evenly set up 5 syntropy pu teeth of a cogwheel 2 along 3 circumferences of pu wheel seat and constitutes, and pu teeth of a cogwheel 2 passes through resilient means II and articulates on pu wheel seat 3, and the pu teeth of a cogwheel 2 on the adjacent pu wheel seat 3 is 36 settings of staggering mutually, alpha promptly3The mounting angles of the cattail wheel teeth 2 on the cattail wheel seat 3 which are separated by 36 degrees are the same. Therefore, in unit time, the picking amount is fixed, relatively low rotating speed operation can be realized, picked peanut plants are not prone to fruit dropping, and the purposes of low rotating speed and high efficiency are achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, 9 and 10, the contacting side of the said spike-tooth 2 and peanut plant is a straight edge, the top of the said spike-tooth 2 is a forward arc structure (with the picking direction as the front), the mounting angle θ of the spike-tooth 2 is3Is 30 DEG theta3Is an acute angle formed by a connecting line of a mounting hinge point of the cattail gear teeth 2 and the cattail wheel seat 3 and a center shaft rotation center O in the clockwise direction, and the cattail gear teeth 2 and the cattail wheel seat 3A swing mechanism is arranged between the cattail wheel seats 3, and the swing mechanism realizes that the cattail wheel teeth 2 swing within-20 degrees relative to the cattail wheel seats 3 in the circumferential direction<ψ<20°。
The cattail wheel teeth 2 are hinged with the cattail wheel seat 3 through the elastic swing mechanism 13, and the relative swing of the cattail wheel teeth and the cattail wheel seat can be realized between the cattail wheel teeth 2 and the cattail wheel seat 3. Elastic swinging mechanism 13 includes that two links become the torsional spring and the articulated shaft of 180 degrees, and the articulated shaft is connected on the cattail wheel seat 3, and torsional spring and 2 roots of the cattail wheel teeth are all set on the articulated shaft, and the cattail wheel seat 3 is connected respectively at the torsional spring both ends and 2 roots of the cattail wheel teeth. The cattail teeth 2 rotating relative to the cattail wheel seat 3 can obtain a larger lifting initial angle theta in the lifting stage1Meanwhile, the clamping effect on the peanut plants due to the fact that the included angle between the cattail wheel teeth 2 and the guard plate 4 is too small at the pushing station can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the roller guard plate 4 is formed by three eccentric irregular annular curves, each eccentric irregular curve corresponds to three stations of lifting, pushing and returning of the cattail wheel, and the picking roller rotates along with the central shaft 5 and simultaneously translates forwards along with the tractor, so that the picking roller performs picking operation through combined motion of translation and rotation combined action.
As shown in fig. 9, the phase angles of the three circumferentially corresponding lifting, pushing and returning stations of the pickup roller are respectively beta1～β3Wherein the initial lifting angle theta of the lifting station during the pick-up process1Is 10 to 50 degrees, the example is theta1Is 28 degrees, and the lifting initial angle theta1In order to pick up the included angle between the gear end of the cattail gear and the rotation center connecting line of the central shaft and the Y axis of the roller along the advancing direction of the picking device, the three phase angles are clockwise sequentially beta 1-100 degrees, beta 2-60 degrees-100 degrees, beta 1+ beta 2+ beta 3-360 degrees, in this case, beta 1-122 degrees, beta 2-78 degrees and beta 3-160 degrees.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the side plates are formed by connecting left and right side plates 9 and 10 with a rear side plate 6, arc-shaped guard plates 4 arranged between adjacent cattail wheels are arranged on the rear side plate 6, a gap 15-25mm is reserved between the adjacent guard plates 4 and is larger than the thickness of the cattail wheels, the gap is 20mm in the embodiment, and the picking cattail wheel teeth 2 are ensured to extend and retract between the guard plates 4.
The arc-shaped protection plate 4 is composed of a plurality of straight line segments and arc line segments, and corresponds to three stations of lifting, pushing and idle returning respectively, as shown in fig. 9:
(1) arc segment of lifting station
By
Forming; wherein,
the center of rotation O of the central axis of the same cross section is taken as the center of a circle, and the coordinate system is (X, Y) with the value of (0, 0); r is a circular arc with a radius, and the point C is a point where the pulley teeth 2 and the guard plate 4 intersect when the relieving teeth 1 and the pulley teeth 2 are in contact; at the stage, the cattail teeth 2 gradually tend to be horizontal from downward inclination along with the rotation of the central shaft, the R is 55mm in the example, and the R ensures that the cattail teeth 2 extend out of the protection plate 4 to obtain the maximum length L2The turning radius of the end of the cattail wheel teeth 2 reaches the maximum value, which is beneficial to improving the lifting efficiency of the cattail wheel teeth 2 on the peanut plants; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the coordinate system of the central axis 5,
to be in the same cross section O1(X1，Y1) As the center of circle, wherein, the thickness is-20 to 20mm, Y120 to 80mm, point O in this example1(X1，Y1) Coordinate is O1(8,-30)，R1Being involute of base radius, R120 to 100, in this example R1The diameter is 30mm, the point D is the starting point of the arc-shaped protection plate, the curvature radius of the arc-shaped protection plate is gradually increased, the length of the cattail teeth 2 extending out of the protection plate 4 is gradually reduced, the central shaft 5 rotates to enable peanut plants to move backwards and upwards, and the point E is the critical point of the cattail teeth from lifting movement to pushing movement; in that
In the rotating process, the distance that the cattail wheel teeth 2 extend out of the protective plate 4 is gradually reduced, so that the phenomenon that the peanut plants are clamped when the pushing station is finished is avoidedWhen the pulley teeth 2 are close to be vertical, the lifting station is finished;
(2) the arc line segment corresponding to the pushing station
Wherein,
the same section O1(8, -30) is taken as the center of a circle, R1 is the involute of the base radius, R is the involute of the base radius in the embodiment1Is 30 mm; in this stage the cattail teeth of a cogwheel 2 rotates along with center pin 5 and makes the peanut plant move to the rear below, and the cattail teeth of a cogwheel 2 stretches out the backplate distance and diminishes gradually, and cattail teeth of a cogwheel 2 swings for cattail wheel seat 3 repeatedly simultaneously, makes cattail teeth of a cogwheel 2 and 4 contained angles alpha of backplate be greater than the system angle of pincers of peanut plant all the time, and when 2 tooth ends of cattail teeth of a cogwheel moved to F point, the propelling movement station ended, and in 2 complete retraction backplate of cattail teeth of a cogwheel, cattail teeth of a cogwheel 2 and 4 contained angles alpha of backplate1The included angle between the tangent line of the top point of the cattail wheel tooth and the guard plate 4 is a push cut-off angle alpha160 to 90 degrees; example a1Is 77 °;
(3) the idle return station FC is composed of straight line segments GA, AB and arc segments
Composition is carried out; wherein,
is an involute of the same section O1 with R1 as the base radius and G point as the involute
The intersection point of the rear side plate 6 and the cattail wheel enables enough rotation space to be formed in the idle-return station, and GA is the width of the rear side plate of the pickup device; AB is an inclined straight line segment and is cut at
The lifting wheel is positioned in the fourth quadrant by taking the same section O as the circle center, R as a radial circular arc and the point B close to the Y axis of the central shaft, so that the teeth of the lifting wheel can be fully released at the later stage of the idle return station, and the teeth of the lifting wheel are arranged at the beginning of the lifting station2 obtaining a maximum lifting length L2. The largest lifting length L of the cattail teeth 2 extending out of the guard plate 4 is shown in the embodiment235 to 65mm, L1＞L2And L is1Not less than 45mm, this example L2Is 42mm, L1＝53mm。
The material of the pickup forming relieved tooth 1 is 65Mn spring steel, and the cattail wheel is made of wear-resistant composite material, so that the pickup forming relieved tooth has the characteristics of good toughness, high wear resistance, low price, convenience in maintenance and the like.
In order to avoid the serious soil digging caused by the too deep cattail wheel drawing during the operation, the height difference h between the lowest point of the motion track of the cattail wheel teeth and the lowest point of the shovel teeth meets the range of 10-20 mm.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the included angle theta between the installation tangent point of the pickup relieved tooth and the rotation center connecting line of the central shaft of the pickup roller and the Y axis of the central shaft is 0 degree, the base radius of the involute curve of the pickup relieved tooth is 60mm, the corresponding central angle alpha 2 is 62 degrees, and alpha is0＝90°，αn＝152°。
A lifting initial angle theta of the lifting station1The phase angle is 42 degrees, and the three phase angles are sequentially beta 1-118 degrees, beta 2-72 degrees and beta 3-170 degrees along the clockwise direction.
The contact side of the spike tooth 2 and the peanut plant is a straight line segment, and the mounting angle theta of the spike tooth 2 is3Is 20 deg.. The gap between the adjacent guard plates is 21mm, which is larger than the thickness of the cattail wheel, so that the teeth of the cattail wheel can be ensured to extend out and retract between the guard plates.
The lifting station:
the center of the base circle is O1(-9, -33) base radius R1Is 33 mm. The maximum length L of the pulley teeth 2 extending out of the guard plate 4244mm, the length L of the straight line from the tooth root to the tooth tip of the cattail wheel1Is 56 mm. The pushing station: angle alpha between the cattail wheel teeth and the guard plate1At 73 deg.. The height difference h between the lowest point of the movement track of the cattail gear teeth and the lowest point of the relieving teeth meets the range of 10-20 mm.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the pick-up teeth described in this example are mounted to the tangent point and pick-upThe included angle theta between the rotary center connecting line of the central shaft of the pickup roller and the Y axis of the central shaft is 45 degrees, the base circle radius of the involute curve of the pickup relieving is 52mm, and the corresponding central angle alpha2＝116°，α0＝45°，αn＝161°。
A lifting initial angle theta of the lifting station1The three phase angles are 10 degrees, and are sequentially β 1 ═ 153 degrees, β 2 ═ 70 degrees, and β 3 ═ 137 degrees clockwise.
The contact side of the spike tooth 2 and the peanut plant is a straight line segment, and the mounting angle theta of the spike tooth is3Is 15 deg.. The gap left between the adjacent guard plates is 23mm, which is larger than the thickness of the cattail wheel.
The lifting station:
the center of the base circle is O1(9, -36) base radius R1Is 36 mm. The maximum length L of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard board2Is 48mm, and the length L of the straight line from the tooth root to the tooth tip of the cattail wheel1Is 61 mm. The pushing station: the angle alpha between the pulley teeth 2 and the guard plate 41Is 70 degrees.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a forming relieved tooth-tooth roll combination formula peanut pickup attachment which characterized in that: the novel rotary picking device comprises picking shovel teeth, a rotary drum protection plate, a picking rotary drum and side plates, wherein the side plates are arranged on two sides of the picking rotary drum, a central shaft of the picking rotary drum penetrates through the side plates on the two sides and is respectively installed on a bearing seat, cattail wheels of the picking rotary drum are evenly arranged on the central shaft at intervals, the rotary drum protection plate is arranged between every two adjacent cattail wheels, and arc-shaped picking shovel teeth with the same structure are installed at the same position on each rotary drum protection plate at the advancing front end of the picking device to form a row of picking shovel teeth; when the peanut picking shovel is in work, the arc-shaped picking shovel moves forwards, the front working end of the shovel goes deep into the ground surface, and peanut plants are shoveled to realize picking action; the cattail wheel through picking up the cylinder rotates along with the center pin, realizes that the cattail wheel lifts, propelling movement and empty action of returning the station.
2. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 1, wherein: on the same cross section, the pick-up relieved tooth is hinged with the protective plate through an elastic device, the included angle theta between the installation tangent point of the pick-up relieved tooth and the rotation center connecting line of the pick-up roller center shaft and the X axis of the center shaft is 0-45 degrees, the shape of the side surface of the pick-up relieved tooth is an involute curve, and the radius R of the base circle is220-90 mm corresponding to the central angle alpha2Is 25 to 180 DEG, alpha0＝0～90°，αn＝0～180°。
3. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 1 wherein: the picking roller comprises a central shaft and cattail wheels uniformly arranged on the central shaft, the cattail wheels are formed by uniformly arranging 5 equidirectional cattail wheel teeth along the circumference of a cattail wheel seat, the cattail wheel teeth are hinged on the cattail wheel seat through an elastic swinging mechanism, and the cattail wheel teeth on adjacent cattail wheel seats are staggered at an angle alpha2The angle of the cattail wheel teeth on the cattail wheel seats are the same at intervals and are arranged at 36 degrees.
4. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 1, wherein: the phase angles of the lifting, pushing and idle returning stations corresponding to the pickup roller along the circumference are respectively beta1～β3Wherein the initial lifting angle theta of the lifting station during the pick-up process1Is 10-50 degrees, and the lifting initial angle theta1The included angle between the tooth end of the cattail wheel and the connecting line of the center shaft rotation center and the Y axis of the roller along the advancing direction of the pickup device is formed, the three phase angles are sequentially beta 1-100 degrees to 140 degrees, beta 2-60 degrees to 100 degrees, and beta 1+ beta 2+ beta 3-360 degrees along the clockwise direction.
5. The tine-hob combination peanut pickup apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tine-hob combination peanut pickup apparatus is characterized in thatIn the following steps: the contact side of the spike-cattail gear teeth and the peanut plants is a straight line, the top end of the spike-cattail gear teeth is of a forward arc structure, and the back inclination angle theta of the spike-cattail gear teeth3Is-5 to 35 degrees theta3The elastic swing mechanism is arranged between the cattail gear teeth and the cattail wheel seat, and realizes the swing range of the cattail gear teeth relative to the cattail wheel seat by the swing mechanism, namely the acute angle clamped by the connecting line of the mounting hinge point of the cattail gear teeth, the cattail gear teeth and the cattail wheel seat and the center shaft rotation center O in the clockwise direction<ψ<20 degrees, psi is the angle which prevents the spike gear from swinging relative to the peanut plant clamped by the guard plate when the spike gear works.
6. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 5 wherein: the elastic swing mechanism comprises a torsional spring and an articulated shaft, the two connecting ends of the torsional spring and the articulated shaft form an angle of 180 degrees, the articulated shaft is connected to the cattail wheel seat, the roots of the teeth of the cattail wheel and the torsional spring are sleeved on the articulated shaft, and the two ends of the torsional spring are respectively connected with the roots of the cattail wheel seat and the teeth of the cattail wheel.
7. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 1, wherein: the curb plate is connected with the posterior lateral plate by left and right curb plate and constitutes, and the curved cylinder backplate that sets up between adjacent pu wheel is installed on the posterior lateral plate, and the clearance that leaves between adjacent backplate is 15-25mm, is greater than pu wheel thickness, ensures to pick up the cattail wheel teeth and stretches out and retract between the backplate.
8. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 1 or 7, wherein: the arc-shaped roller guard plate is composed of a plurality of straight line segments and arc line segments, and is respectively and correspondingly lifted, pushed and returned to three stations:
(1) arc segment of lifting station
By
Composition is carried out; wherein,
the rotation center O of the central shaft with the same section is taken as the center of a circle, the values of coordinate systems (X and Y) are (0, 0), R is a radius arc, the spike gear teeth gradually tend to be horizontal from downward inclination along with the rotation of the central shaft at the stage, and the spike gear teeth extend out of the protection plate to obtain the maximum length L2The point C is a point where the pulley teeth and the guard plate are intersected when the relieving teeth and the pulley teeth are in contact;
to be in the same cross section O1As a center of circle, R1Is involute to the radius of a base circle, the point D is the initial point of the arc-shaped protection plate with the curvature radius gradually increasing, the length of the cattail gear teeth extending out of the protection plate is gradually reduced, the cattail gear teeth rotate along with the central shaft to enable peanut plants to move backwards and upwards, the point E is the critical point of the cattail gear teeth from lifting movement to pushing movement
In the rotating process, the distance of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate is gradually reduced, and when the pulley teeth are close to vertical, the lifting station is finished; the center of circle O1Has a coordinate value of (X)1,Y1) Wherein X is1＝-20～20mm，Y1＝-20～-80mm，R1＝20～100mm；
(2) The arc line segment corresponding to the pushing station
Wherein,
use with same cross-section O1 point as the centre of a circle, R1 is the involute of base circle radius, the bull gear teeth make peanut plant move to the rear below along with the center pin rotation at this stage, the bull gear teeth stretches out backplate distance and diminishes gradually, the bull gear teeth is for bull gear seat repeated swing simultaneously, make bull gear teeth and backplate contained angle alpha be greater than the clamp angle of peanut plant all the time, when bull gear teeth tooth end moves to F point, the propelling movement station is ended, the bull gear teeth is in the backplate completely, bull gear teeth and backplate contained angle alpha 1 are forAn included angle between a tangent line of the top point of the cattail gear teeth and the guard plate is a push cut-off angle alpha 1 of 60-90 degrees;
(3) the idle return station FC is composed of straight line segments GA, AB and arc segments
Composition is carried out; wherein,
is an involute whose centre is O1 point of same section, R1 is base radius, and its G point is involute
The intersection point of the rear side plate and the cattail wheel enables the cattail wheel to have enough rotation space at the idle-return station, and GA is the width of the rear side plate of the pickup device; AB is an inclined straight line segment and is cut at
The lifting wheel is positioned in the fourth quadrant by taking a point O with the same section as the circle center, R as a circular arc with the radius and a point B close to the Y axis of the central shaft, so that the lifting wheel can fully release teeth at the later stage of the idle return station, and the wheel teeth of the lifting wheel obtain the maximum lifting length L when the lifting station starts2。
9. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 8, wherein: the length L of the straight line from the tooth root to the tooth crest of the cattail wheel1Not less than 45, the maximum length L of the pulley teeth extending out of the guard plate235 to 65mm, L1＞L2。
10. The tine-rack roller combination peanut pickup assembly of claim 8, wherein: the height difference h between the lowest point of the movement track of the pulley teeth and the lowest point of the relieving teeth is 10-20 mm.
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| CH659564A5 (en) * | 1983-01-18 | 1987-02-13 | Paul E Mueller Dipl Ing | COLLECTOR FOR HARVESTED LAYING ON THE GROUND. |
| CN100435613C (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-11-26 | 叶保国 | Crankshaft throwing bed type peanut harvester |
| CN101569259B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2011-07-27 | 淮海工学院 | Intelligent automatic root tuber crop harvester |
| KR101471037B1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-12-09 | 모영환 | Harvester for underground crops |
| CN203289920U (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-11-20 | 青岛农业大学 | Picking-up device used for peanut picking-up and fruit picking machine |
| CN104584758B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-05-25 | 沈阳师范大学 | A kind of Full-automatic peanut pickup machine |
| CN105638068B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2018-07-03 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of spring tooth bowl formula peanut pick-up unit |
| CN107360780A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-21 | 正阳县豫丰机械有限公司 | A kind of harvester for peanut |
| CN108513786B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2023-11-03 | 衢州学院 | Bean potato harvester integrating seedling beating, digging, collecting, storing, mud removing, straw returning and field returning |
| CN211406894U (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-09-04 | 青岛农业大学 | Harvester is picked up to peanut |
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