CN112385530A - Method for increasing seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds - Google Patents
Method for increasing seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds Download PDFInfo
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- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving the seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds. According to the method, by optimizing the preparation of space mutation strawberry seeds, the pre-sowing treatment and the post-sowing management method, the isolation of hard seed coats to air and moisture is effectively broken, the dormancy of strawberry seeds is broken, and the germination rate and the sprouting uniformity of the seeds are improved; by optimizing the management method after sowing, the seedling rate is improved, and the seedling rate and the breeding efficiency of the space mutation strawberry seeds are finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds.
Background
Strawberry (Fragaria x anassasa Duch), also known as pineapple strawberry, belongs to the Rosaceae (Rosaceae) strawberry genus (Fragaria). The strawberries are bright in color, soft and juicy, aromatic in flavor, palatable in sweetness and sourness and rich in nutrition, and are deeply favored by consumers at home and abroad.
In recent years, with the development of aerospace technology in China, aerospace mutation breeding becomes another optional way for breeding new strawberry varieties, strawberry seeds are induced in the universe by using space cosmic particles, microgravity, weak geomagnetism and the like, and then further breeding work is carried out after the strawberry seeds return to the ground, so that the method has important significance for breeding new strawberry varieties.
The strawberry fruit is a lean fruit, grows on a receptacle, and is small and hard. The hard pericarp is wrapped by a wax layer, which hinders the absorption of air and moisture by the seeds and seriously affects the germination of the seeds. The germination rates of strawberry seeds of different germplasms are greatly different, the seedlings emerge irregularly, some seedlings can sprout after 60 days or even 90 days, the germination rates and the germination vigor are low, the seedlings emerge irregularly and the seedling rate is low. In the face of rare space mutation strawberry seeds, the low germination rate and germination potential of the strawberry seeds severely restrict the efficiency of space breeding of strawberries, and a matched technology is necessary to be developed to improve the seedling rate of the space mutation strawberry seeds after sowing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds, which can effectively break the isolation of hard fruit peel to air and water, break the dormancy of strawberry seeds, improve the germination rate and the germination uniformity of the seeds and finally improve the seedling rate by optimizing the methods for the space mutation strawberry seeds before sowing and after sowing management.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. a method for improving the seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1.1 identification of strawberry seed maturity:
when the flower receptacle of the strawberry fruit is orange red or red and the color of the strawberry seed is brown or black, the strawberry seed is mature;
1.2 preparation of strawberry seeds:
A. separation of seeds
Harvesting the strawberry fruits in the step 1.1, selecting single seeds for mature seeds within 2 days by using an operation blade or dissecting, and selecting plump seeds;
B. dehydration and preservation of seeds
Drying the selected seeds in an oven at 40 ℃ for 72 h; sealing the dried seeds and labeling, wherein the label record comprises: the name, the quantity and the packaging date of the variety are placed in a dry and cool place for storage;
C. space mutation seed
Contacting a space bin with the space department, and subjecting the seeds stored in the step 1.2B to space mutagenesis;
1.3 pretreatment of seeds before sowing:
treating the seeds subjected to space mutagenesis in the step 1.2C with sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% for 5-8 min, then cleaning the seeds with clear water, cleaning the residual sulfuric acid on the surfaces of the seeds, and drying the surfaces of the seeds by airing the surface moisture of the seeds or drying the surface moisture of the seeds at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
1.4 sowing:
sowing the seeds treated in the step 1.3 into a substrate plug tray prepared in advance, wherein the particle size of the substrate is 5-10mm, and the EC value is less than 0.4dS m-1The pH value is 5.8-7.0; when in seeding, the substrate is required to be wet, after seeding, the substrate is watered thoroughly, and a sunshade net with shading rate of 65-75% is built above the substrate hole tray;
1.5 management of emergence stage:
keeping the substrate moist after the seeds break the soil and emerge, and regularly performing water and fertilizer management on the seedlings, wherein the regular water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: spraying compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer once a week, wherein the spraying is stopped when liquid at the bottom of the substrate plug tray seeps out; the liquid fertilizer of the compound fertilizer contains N15 percent and P2O5 15％，K2The EC value of the compound fertilizer with O15 percent mixed with water is 1.0dS m-1The compound fertilizer solution is managed for two months to obtain seedlings.
Further, the substrate described in step 1.4 is peat.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects
1. Through the processing before sowing to the seed, improved the germination rate and the vigor of sprouting of strawberry seed for the seed is emerged early, is emerged neatly, improves the utilization ratio of precious space mutation seed, guarantees to cherish the save and the continuation of variety resource.
2. The physicochemical property of the seeding medium is regulated and scientific management is carried out after seeding, so that the high seedling rate of the strawberry seedlings is ensured.
3. Scientific water and fertilizer management in the seedling emergence period provides guarantee for obtaining healthy and robust seedlings.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the invention, the invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not specifically intended to be a routine procedure.
Example 1
1. Identification of strawberry seed maturity
Selecting 'octopus' flowers in the field for open pollination (bee natural pollination) in 2016 (3 months and 17 days), and harvesting fruits in 2016 (4 months and 30 days), wherein the receptacle of the fruits is orange red, and the seeds are reddish brown and are mature strawberry seeds.
2. Preparation of strawberry seeds
The harvested strawberry fruits need to be prepared in time, otherwise, the berries are easy to rot and deteriorate, so that the seeds are mildewed and lose germination capacity. Therefore, the fruit harvested in step 1 is subjected to seed preparation within 2 days.
A. Separation of seeds
And (3) selecting and picking single seeds of the fruits harvested in the step (1) within 2 days by using an operation blade, and selecting full seeds.
B. Dehydration preservation of seeds
Packaging the selected seeds with filter paper, sticking a label, and drying in an oven at 40 ℃ for 72 h; sealing the dried seeds, and then placing the seeds in a dry and cool place for storage; the label record includes: name of variety, quantity, date of encapsulation.
C. Space mutation seed
The seeds stored in step 2B were subjected to space mutagenesis carried on the Shenzhou No. 11 from 2016 (10 months and 17) to 2016 (11 months and 18) for 32 days.
3. Treatment of seeds before sowing
The seeds subjected to space mutagenesis in step 2C were treated in 2017 on day 5, month 3 with sulfuric acid at a concentration of 98%. The seeds are put into a plastic rubber box with good tightness (a plastic rubber box with good acid corrosion resistance), sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98 percent is slowly injected according to the quantity of the seeds, the seeds are immersed, the treatment agent is sealed and continuously shaken in the period, so that the treatment agent is fully contacted with the surfaces of the seeds, the seeds are taken out after 7min and repeatedly washed by tap water on a filter screen, the cleaning agent can be taken out, and the seeds are subjected to surface drying so as to be used for sowing. The drying method is drying the surface moisture of the seeds, or drying the surface moisture of the seeds at a temperature of below 40 ℃.
4. Seeding
Sowing the prepared target seeds in 128-hole matrix tray with diameter of 5-10mm and EC value less than 0.4dS m in 2017, 5 months and 6 days-1And the pH value is 5.8-7.0. Sowing one seed in each hole, covering peat with the thickness of 0.4-0.5cm after sowing, watering thoroughly after sowing, making a label record, and building a sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% above the substrate hole tray.
5. Management of emergence stage
Seeds are gradually germinated after the seeds are broken in soil in 2017 in 5 and 15 days, the seeds reach a peak value in 2017 in 5 and 18 days, the moisture of the matrix is kept every day after the seeds are broken in soil and emerge, and the seedlings are prevented from burning and dying due to direct exposure to sunlight (the sunshade net in the step 4 is reserved). And carrying out water and fertilizer management on the seedlings once a week. The water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: spraying compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer once a week at a dosage such that liquid seeps out from the bottom of the substrate traySpraying; the liquid fertilizer of the compound fertilizer contains N15 percent and P2O515% and K2The EC value of the compound fertilizer with O15 percent mixed with water is 1.0dS m-1The compound fertilizer solution. And (3) pest and disease prevention and control in the seedling stage: the diseases mainly aim at soft rot, damping off, anthracnose and powdery mildew; the insect pests mainly include aphids, red spiders, thrips and cabbage caterpillars, and the conventional pesticide is adopted to prevent and treat the insect pests. Seedlings are obtained after two months of management, investigation is carried out on 7 months and 15 days in 2017, and the seedling rate reaches 78%.
Example 2
Example 2 the remaining operation steps are the same as in example 1 except for the following steps, and are not described again.
Step 1, identification of strawberry seed maturity
And (4) selecting 1-02-9' flowers of the strawberries in the field for open pollination in 2016 (day 3 and day 17), and harvesting the fruits in 2016 (day 4 and day 30), wherein the receptacle of the fruits is red, and the seeds are black, namely mature strawberry seeds.
Step 3, pre-sowing treatment of seeds
Seeds subjected to space mutagenesis were treated in 2017, 5/3 with sulfuric acid at 98% concentration. The seeds are put into a plastic rubber box with good tightness (a plastic rubber box with good acid corrosion resistance), sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98 percent is slowly injected according to the quantity of the seeds, the seeds are immersed, the treatment agent is sealed and continuously shaken in the period, so that the treatment agent is fully contacted with the surfaces of the seeds, the seeds are taken out after 5min and repeatedly washed by tap water on a filter screen, the cleaning agent can be taken out, and the seeds are subjected to surface drying so as to be used for sowing.
Step 5, management of seedling emergence stage
The investigation is carried out in 2017, 7 months and 15 days, and the seedling rate reaches 72 percent.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1.1 identification of strawberry seed maturity:
when the flower receptacle of the strawberry fruit is orange red or red and the color of the strawberry seed is brown or black, the strawberry seed is mature;
1.2 preparation of strawberry seeds:
A. separation of seeds
Harvesting the strawberry fruits in the step 1.1, selecting single seeds for mature seeds within 2 days by using an operation blade or dissecting, and selecting plump seeds;
B. dehydration and preservation of seeds
Drying the selected seeds in an oven at 40 ℃ for 72 h; sealing the dried seeds and labeling, wherein the label record comprises: the name, the quantity and the packaging date of the variety are placed in a dry and cool place for storage;
C. space mutation seed
Contacting a space bin with the space department, and subjecting the seeds stored in the step 1.2B to space mutagenesis;
1.3 pretreatment of seeds before sowing:
treating the seeds subjected to space mutagenesis in the step 1.2C with sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% for 5-8 min, then cleaning the seeds with clear water, cleaning the residual sulfuric acid on the surfaces of the seeds, and drying the surfaces of the seeds by airing the surface moisture of the seeds or drying the surface moisture of the seeds at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
1.4 sowing:
sowing the seeds treated in the step 1.3 into a substrate plug tray prepared in advance, wherein the particle size of the substrate is 5-10mm, and the EC value is less than 0.4dS m-1The pH value is 5.8-7.0; when in seeding, the substrate is required to be wet, after seeding, the substrate is watered thoroughly, and a sunshade net with shading rate of 65-75% is built above the substrate hole tray;
1.5 management of emergence stage:
keeping the substrate moist after the seeds break the soil and emerge, and regularly performing water and fertilizer management on the seedlings, wherein the regular water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: spraying compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer once a week, wherein the spraying is stopped when liquid at the bottom of the substrate plug tray seeps out; the liquid fertilizer of the compound fertilizer contains 15 percent of N and P2O5 15％，K2The EC value of the compound fertilizer with O15 percent mixed with water is 1.0dS m-1The compound fertilizer solution is managed for two months to obtain seedlings。
2. The method for increasing the seedling rate of space-mutagenized strawberry seeds of claim 1, wherein the substrate in step 1.4 is peat.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011290822.XA CN112385530A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for increasing seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds |
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| CN202011290822.XA CN112385530A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for increasing seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds |
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| CN112385530A true CN112385530A (en) | 2021-02-23 |
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| CN202011290822.XA Pending CN112385530A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for increasing seedling rate of space mutation strawberry seeds |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010051318A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-03-11 | Chiba Univ | Method for obtaining strawberry seed |
| CN102124840A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2011-07-20 | 镇江市农业科学研究所 | Method for promoting germination of strawberry seeds |
| CN103947331A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-30 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for accelerating emergence of strawberry seedlings |
| CN104885899A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-09 | 刘亚新 | New high-yield and high-quality strawberry variety, breeding method, cultivation method and applications thereof |
| CN105123030A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-09 | 陈桂芳 | Seedling culturing method capable of raising emergency rate of strawberry seeds |
-
2020
- 2020-11-17 CN CN202011290822.XA patent/CN112385530A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010051318A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-03-11 | Chiba Univ | Method for obtaining strawberry seed |
| CN102124840A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2011-07-20 | 镇江市农业科学研究所 | Method for promoting germination of strawberry seeds |
| CN104885899A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-09 | 刘亚新 | New high-yield and high-quality strawberry variety, breeding method, cultivation method and applications thereof |
| CN103947331A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-30 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for accelerating emergence of strawberry seedlings |
| CN105123030A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-09 | 陈桂芳 | Seedling culturing method capable of raising emergency rate of strawberry seeds |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 孙朋朋等: "不同配比基质对草莓根系生长和果实品质的影响" * |
| 罗天宽;徐谦;张小玲;朱世杨;裘波音;荆赞革;唐征;刘庆;吴海涛;徐秀如;: "草莓种子萌发影响因素研究" * |
| 霍恒志;糜林;李金凤;万春雁;陈雪平;: "提高草莓种子发芽率的研究" * |
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