CN112369465A - Film laminating device and film laminating method thereof - Google Patents
Film laminating device and film laminating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369465A CN112369465A CN202011078793.0A CN202011078793A CN112369465A CN 112369465 A CN112369465 A CN 112369465A CN 202011078793 A CN202011078793 A CN 202011078793A CN 112369465 A CN112369465 A CN 112369465A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/14—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/20—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole seeds or seed fragments
- A23L25/25—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole seeds or seed fragments coated with a layer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a film coating device which comprises a raw material processing system and a gas phase system, wherein the raw material processing system and the gas phase system are mutually communicated, the raw material processing system comprises a processing chamber with an output pipeline, a rotary raw material processing table arranged in the processing chamber and a flow equalizing chamber arranged below the rotary raw material processing table, the gas phase system comprises a reaction chamber and a heater, the reaction chamber is arranged in the heater, the reaction chamber is communicated with the flow equalizing chamber through a gas exchange pipeline, and the reaction chamber is communicated with external gas through a gas configuration pipeline. Also disclosed is a method of laminating a film using the laminating device. The coated seeds exchange the substances with the outside to the lowest point, thereby achieving the purposes of resisting deliquescence, oxidation and mould and prolonging the storage life. Meanwhile, the structure and even the micro-morphology of the surface of the tea-leaves are prevented from being changed, so that the taste and the functionality of the tea-leaves are not damaged. The vapor deposition process is controllable, the structure is simple, and the operation flow is integrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing and storing of seed food such as nuts, in particular to a film laminating device and a method for laminating the seed food such as nuts by the film laminating device.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the seed food such as nuts becomes an important and indispensable leisure food in daily life. The nuts contain a large amount of vitamins and minerals, and the nuts can promote physical development, enhance physique, protect the health of heart and cerebral vessels, prevent diseases and resist aging if being eaten moderately. However, the short storage and shelf life of seed food such as nuts become a significant problem when the seed food becomes national food. There are many cases where the storage conditions are imperfect, resulting in waste and economic loss. For example, food and drug administration has been exposing certain types of nut food mold to a standard exceeding that of well-known electric merchants.
At present, the effective method for solving the problems of preservation and short shelf life of seed food such as nuts is mainly to add a protective film on the surface of the seed food such as nuts by default in the market. The quality of seed food such as vertical fruit is guaranteed to the formation sugar-coat of liquid phase thing such as syrup of trade company mostly adopts the inside quality of effectual assurance of this kind of method, but has not solved the problem of realizing long-time preservation, and the sugar-coat of shell in case exposes in the air, and very easy moisture absorption breeds the mould, has destroyed the structure on seed surface simultaneously and even micro-morphology, influences seed nut food taste and functionality.
Therefore, finding a protective film which can not absorb a large amount of water, can not provide a mold living environment and can not damage the taste is an important task, and the protective film has important significance in the preservation of seeds.
After consulting the similar technology in the market, the following advantages are found compared with the technology adopted in the market after the seed food is treated by the vapor deposition method: on one hand, the original taste and color of the seed food can not be changed; on the other hand, food surface and outside air keep apart, and internal property is stable, can remain original just nutrient composition with great degree, and original inside moisture can not run off simultaneously, also can not absorb external moisture, provides the environment that unfavorable mould survived to guarantee that food quality obtains guaranteeing, increased storage and shelf life.
With the development of the technologies such as material science and chemical engineering, the chemical vapor deposition technology has been improved and applied to the preparation of polymer films and the surface modification of micro-nano materials in recent years, but the development in the food field is slow, and even the chemical vapor deposition technology can be used for the large-scale storage of various seeds such as rice and various meats if the technology is complete, so that the problem of high national storage cost is solved, and the chemical vapor deposition technology also becomes a new technical demand.
The invention applies the vapor deposition technology to the field of processing and storing seed foods such as nuts, solves and overcomes the problems of functional mouthfeel, easy deliquescence, easy mould breeding and the like which cannot be solved by the current market by the vapor method for treating the surface of the food, and achieves good effects on the storage and shelf life prolonging of the seed foods such as nuts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a film coating device by utilizing a chemical vapor deposition technology, and a method for coating a film on the surface of seed food such as nuts and the like by the film coating device can effectively prevent oxidation and humidification, inhibit the growth of mold and improve the quality of the food by manufacturing a film on the surface of the food.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the first invention aim is realized as follows: the utility model provides a tectorial membrane device, includes raw materials processing system and the gaseous phase system that communicates each other, raw materials processing system including the process chamber that has output pipeline, set up at the inside rotation type raw materials processing platform of process chamber and set up the flow equalizing chamber in rotation type raw materials processing platform below, the gaseous phase system include reacting chamber and heater, the reacting chamber set up inside the heater, the reacting chamber exchange the pipeline through a gas and communicate with the flow equalizing chamber, the reacting chamber communicate the outside gas through a gas configuration pipeline.
The film laminating device can realize surface film laminating of seed food such as nuts and the like through a raw material processing system and a gas phase system, an output pipeline is arranged on a processing chamber in the raw material processing system and can be used for exhausting gas in the processing chamber, a rotary raw material processing table in the processing chamber is used for placing nut seeds to be processed, when the seeds to be processed, such as nuts and the like soaked by a cross-linking agent, need to be laminated, all pipelines on equipment are firstly closed, a heater is started to preheat the seeds to be processed, and the preheating is carried out to 50-60 ℃; then placing the seeds to be treated such as nuts and the like soaked by the cross-linking agent on a rotary raw material treatment table; air is introduced into the reaction chamber through a gas distribution pipeline, a gas exchange pipeline and an output pipeline are opened at the same time, the rotary raw material treatment table is driven to rotate through power, and the air is continuously introduced for a certain time; closing the gas communication pipeline and the resistance heater; conveying reaction raw material gas to the interior of the reaction cavity through a gas distribution pipeline, replacing most of air in the reaction chamber with the reaction raw material gas, and preheating a heater to a specified reaction temperature of the reaction raw material gas; then cooling the gas in the reaction chamber to 80-90 ℃, simultaneously opening a gas configuration pipeline, a gas exchange pipeline and an output pipeline, introducing air into the reaction chamber and the treatment chamber through the gas configuration pipeline, exhausting the gas outwards through the output pipeline, continuously inputting the gas, and propelling the gas to advance; the gas is uniformly sprayed to the surfaces of seeds such as nuts on the rotary raw material treatment table through the flow equalizing chamber, so that the surfaces of the seeds are coated with films; and (3) after the film covering is finished, the heater is closed, the seeds such as nuts are taken out after the seeds are cooled to the room temperature, and the equipment is closed, so that the film covering treatment of the nuts is realized. According to the film laminating device, the film is uniformly covered, and seeds cannot be incinerated due to high temperature; the seeds such as nuts are attached with cross-linking points, so that material gas can be concentrated in a film-forming area, the reaction material gas is more effectively utilized, unnecessary resource waste is avoided, and uniform reticular adhesive films are formed on the surfaces of the nuts; after the film is coated, the original nutritional ingredients are kept, meanwhile, the original internal moisture cannot be lost, the external moisture cannot be absorbed, and the environment which is unfavorable for the existence of the mould is provided, so that the food quality is ensured, and the storage and shelf life is prolonged; compared with the prior art, the invention overcomes the problems of functional taste, easy deliquescence, easy mould breeding and the like which cannot be solved by nuts in the existing market, and has the advantages of controllable vapor deposition process, simple structure, integrated operation process, suitability for large-scale commercial application and the like.
Preferably, the rotary raw material treatment table comprises a driving motor, a rotary roller and a rotary guide plate, wherein the rotary guide plate is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the treatment chamber through the rotary roller and is driven by the driving motor to rotate. Rotation type raw materials processing platform is provided with rotatory baffle, rotatory gyro wheel and driving motor, adopts circular rotatory gyro wheel to rotate between rotatory baffle and the process chamber to be connected, and rotatory baffle passes through driving motor and drives can be clockwise and anticlockwise rotatory in the process chamber, makes the even contact of seeds such as air current and nut, can make the even tectorial membrane of nut. The automatic operation of rotation can be realized through the driving motor drive, and rotatory baffle and process chamber can over-and-under type clearance fit, can through carrying out the process chamber with rotatory baffle after the nut tectorial membrane to take out the nut.
Preferably, a plurality of vent holes and vertical stirring guide rods are uniformly distributed on the rotary guide plate; the flow equalizing chamber is uniformly provided with a plurality of air holes. A plurality of air vents are evenly distributed on the rotary guide plate and can be in the shapes of a circle, an ellipse and the like, a plurality of square or triangular air holes different from the shape of the air vents are correspondingly arranged on the flow equalizing chamber, the shapes of the air vents and the air holes are different in structural form, and the air vents and the air holes are combined to enable air sprayed from the lower part to uniformly contact seeds such as nuts. Can guarantee that rotatory baffle can both pass through air vent and nut surface contact through the gas of flow equalizing chamber at rotatory in-process, realize the even validity of tectorial membrane. Be provided with vertical stirring water conservancy diversion stick on rotatory baffle for the nut can blow with vertical stirring water conservancy diversion stick's water conservancy diversion under certain air current, reaches partial separation with surrounding part nut, thereby has increased the space of nut activity, has increased contact volume between them in unit time. Meanwhile, the vertical stirring flow guide rod can avoid the nuts from splashing disorderly and generating collision friction with the inner wall of the treatment chamber to reduce the grade.
Preferably, the inner walls of the treatment chamber and the reaction chamber are high-temperature resistant ceramic material inner walls; the reaction chamber is provided with an exhaust valve for replacing gas. The inner walls of the treatment chamber and the reaction chamber are made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, and the ceramic materials have weak attraction to the film-coated gas compared with metal materials such as stainless steel, so that the maximum utilization of the gas can be realized, and the requirements of national safety processing standards are met.
Preferably, an automatic control valve is arranged on the gas alternating current pipeline, and a cooling water circulating device is arranged outside the gas alternating current pipeline; the automatic switching valve is arranged on the gas distribution pipeline; the heater is a resistance heater, and a temperature self-control device is arranged on the heater. The gas exchange pipeline is provided with an automatic control valve which can be closed or opened at any time according to requirements so as to realize gas supply or gas cut-off to the inside of the treatment chamber; the automatic switching valve arranged on the gas configuration pipeline can realize the switching and on-off control between air and reaction raw material gas, the heater adopts a resistance heater, the environment is protected, the heat preservation and cooling operation can be realized, meanwhile, a temperature automatic control device is arranged on the heater, the set temperatures such as preheating temperature and cooling temperature can be effectively controlled, and meanwhile, the reaction temperature can be adjusted at any time along with the difference of the reaction raw material gas. The cooling water circulation device is arranged outside the gas alternating-current pipeline, the temperature of the rising gas is controlled by circulating cooling water around the gas alternating-current pipeline in advance through the cooling water circulation device, food coking is prevented, and if the gas is cooled in the reaction chamber, part of the gas is liquefied and attached to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and cannot rise, so that loss is caused.
Preferably, the external gas comprises air and a reaction raw material gas, the reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerin, and the mass ratio of caprylic acid to glycerin is 1: 1. the reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol to obtain the caprylic acid monoglyceride film, and the caprylic acid monoglyceride film meets the regulation of the national food safety standard food additive use standard (GB 2760-2019) in China. The reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the amount ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is required to be 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film coating time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the second invention purpose is as follows: a method for laminating with a laminating device, comprising the steps of:
step 1) closing all pipeline valves of the film covering device;
step 2), starting a heater to preheat the heater to 50-60 ℃;
step 3) putting the nut seeds to be treated soaked by the cross-linking agent on a rotary raw material treatment table;
step 4) introducing air into the reaction chamber for a period of time through a gas configuration pipeline, simultaneously opening a gas communication pipeline and an output pipeline, starting the rotary raw material treatment table to enable the rotary raw material treatment table to be in a rotating state, and continuously introducing air to enable the nut seeds to be treated to be dried;
step 5), closing the gas exchange pipeline and the heater;
step 6), opening an exhaust valve on the reaction chamber, conveying reaction raw material gas to the interior of the reaction chamber through a gas distribution pipeline until the air in the reaction chamber is replaced by the reaction raw material gas, and closing the exhaust valve; starting a heater to preheat to a specified reaction temperature of raw material gas; then cooling the gas to 80-90 ℃ in a gas communication pipeline;
step 7) simultaneously opening a gas configuration pipeline, a gas alternating current pipeline and an output pipeline, introducing air into the reaction chamber through the gas configuration pipeline, and pushing reaction raw material gas in the reaction chamber to the flow equalizing chamber through the air; the reaction raw material gas is uniformly sprayed to the rotary raw material treatment table through the flow equalizing chamber and is sprayed to the surface of the nut seeds to be treated through vent holes on the rotary raw material treatment table, and the rotary raw material treatment table rotates to drive the nut seeds to be treated to roll, so that the surface of the nut seeds is uniformly coated with a film; the output pipeline simultaneously exhausts air outwards;
and 8) after the film coating is finished, turning off the heater, cooling to room temperature, taking out the coated nut seeds, and turning off the equipment.
This utilize tectorial membrane device to carry out method of tectorial membrane, will wait to tectorial membrane nut type seed after through the cross-linking agent infiltration, put into the treatment chamber and let in the air and carry out the drying, thereby make the nut have the surface of cross-linking point, then provide heat to the reaction chamber inside through resistance heater and make reaction raw material gas react, and let in the treatment chamber with the gas that obtains after final reaction, through air pocket and the air vent on even flow chamber and the rotatory baffle and nut seed surface contact, under the attraction of nut seed surface cross-linking point, gas is adsorbed by the nut seed, make the comprehensive tectorial membrane of nut seed. Compared with the same nut seeds which are not coated with the film, the nut seeds coated with the film control the exchange of substances between the coated seeds and the outside to the lowest point, thereby achieving the purposes of resisting deliquescence, oxidation and mould and prolonging the storage life. Meanwhile, the structure and even the micro-morphology of the surface of the tea-leaves are prevented from being changed, so that the taste and the functionality of the tea-leaves are not damaged. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of controllable vapor deposition process, simple structure, integrated operation process, suitability for large-scale commercial application and the like.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent in the step 3) is sodium citrate, and the sodium citrate is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the nuts; the cross-linking agent forms cross-linking points on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gas and form a uniform network structure. Since nuts are wood-based structures, which have low adsorptivity to coating gases and are not resistant to high temperature, cross-linking agents must be used to form cross-linked spots on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gases and form a uniform net structure. The cross-linking agent adopts sodium citrate which is stable in air, can be dissolved in water, has good cool feeling when tasted, is safe, reliable and nontoxic, and meets the regulation of the food additive use sanitary standard (GB2760-2014) in China.
Preferably, the reaction raw material gas introduced in the step 6) is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film covering time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced. Octanoic acid can be gasified under the conventional boiling point condition, while glycerin needs to be gasified under the condition of decompression to vacuum 0.01-0.05 and at 260-290 ℃ to inhibit the side reaction; not only can ensure the film covering effect, but also can ensure the reaction.
Preferably, the period of time for introducing air in the step 4) is determined by the initial water content of the nuts, the water content is 15% -20%, and the drying time required for introducing air is 72-96 hours; the water content is 20-25%, and the time is 96-108 hours; the water content is 25-30%, and the time is 108-132 hours; the water content is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the time is more than or equal to 168 hours. Air is introduced to dry the nuts before film coating, the process is integrated, energy waste of all links is reduced, and the quality of the nuts is guaranteed. And can set for the time that the air was dried according to the water content of nut itself, degree of automation is high, and the operation is controllable, and is effectual.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the film covering device can automatically control the temperature in a layered manner, so that nut seeds cannot be incinerated due to high temperature in the film covering process; the glue film is uniformly covered; nut seeds are soaked with a cross-linking agent in advance, cross-linking points are attached to the seeds such as nuts, and reaction raw material gas can be concentrated in a film-forming area, so that the reaction raw material gas is more effectively utilized, unnecessary resource waste is avoided, and uniform reticular adhesive films are formed on the surfaces of the nut seeds; after the tectorial membrane, the nut seed can remain original existing nutrient composition, and original inside moisture can not run off simultaneously, also can not absorb external moisture, provides the environment of unfavorable mould survival to the quality of nut seed food has obtained the assurance, has increased storage and shelf life.
According to the method for laminating the film by using the film laminating device, the seed after being laminated controls the exchange of the seed and the external substances to the lowest point, so that the aims of resisting deliquescence, oxidation and mould and prolonging the storage life are fulfilled. Meanwhile, the structure and even the micro-morphology of the surface of the tea-leaves are prevented from being changed, so that the taste and the functionality of the tea-leaves are not damaged. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of controllable vapor deposition process, simple structure, integrated operation process, suitability for large-scale commercial application and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a film covering device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotating guide plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a construction of the flow-equalizing chamber of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a raw material processing system, 2, a gas phase system, 3, an output pipeline, 4, a processing chamber, 5, a rotary raw material processing table, 6, a flow equalizing chamber, 7, a reaction chamber, 8, a heater, 9, a gas communication pipeline, 10, a gas distribution pipeline, 11, external gas, 12, a driving motor, 13, a rotary roller, 14, a rotary guide plate, 15, a vent hole, 16, a vertical stirring guide rod, 17, a gas hole, 18, an exhaust valve, 19, an automatic control valve, 20, an automatic switching valve, 21, a temperature automatic control device, 22, air, 23, reaction raw material gas, 24 and a cooling water circulating device.
Detailed Description
The technical documents of the present invention will be further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings attached to the specification.
Example 1:
in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a film coating apparatus comprises a raw material processing system 1 and a gas phase system 2 which are communicated with each other, wherein the raw material processing system 1 comprises a processing chamber 4 with an output pipeline 3, a rotary raw material processing platform 5 arranged inside the processing chamber 4 and a flow equalizing chamber 6 arranged below the rotary raw material processing platform 5, the gas phase system 2 comprises a reaction chamber 7 and a heater 8, the reaction chamber 7 is arranged inside the heater 8, the reaction chamber 7 is communicated with the flow equalizing chamber 6 through a gas communication pipeline 9, and the reaction chamber 7 is communicated with an external gas 11 through a gas distribution pipeline 10.
The rotary raw material processing table 5 comprises a driving motor 12, a rotary roller 13 and a rotary guide plate 14, wherein the rotary guide plate 14 is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the processing chamber 4 through the rotary roller 13 and is driven by the driving motor 12 to rotate. As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of vent holes 15 and vertical stirring guide rods 16 are uniformly distributed on the rotating guide plate 14; as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of air holes 17 are uniformly distributed on the flow equalizing chamber 6. Adopt circular rotatory gyro wheel to rotate between rotatory baffle and the process chamber to be connected, rotatory baffle passes through driving motor and drives can be clockwise and anticlockwise rotatory in the process chamber, makes the even contact of seeds such as air current and nut, can make the even tectorial membrane of nut. The automatic operation of rotation can be realized through the driving motor drive, and rotatory baffle and process chamber can over-and-under type clearance fit, can through carrying out the process chamber with rotatory baffle after the nut tectorial membrane to take out the nut. A plurality of vent holes 15 are uniformly distributed on the rotary guide plate 14, the vent holes 15 can be in the shapes of circles, ellipses and the like, a plurality of square or triangular air holes 17 different from the shapes of the vent holes are correspondingly arranged on the flow equalizing chamber 6, the shapes of the vent holes and the air holes are different in structural form, and the vent holes and the air holes are combined to enable air sprayed from the lower part to uniformly contact seeds such as nuts. Can guarantee that rotatory baffle can both pass through air vent and nut surface contact through the gas of flow equalizing chamber at rotatory in-process, realize the even validity of tectorial membrane. Be provided with vertical stirring water conservancy diversion stick on rotatory baffle for the nut can blow with vertical stirring water conservancy diversion stick's water conservancy diversion under certain air current, reaches partial separation with surrounding part nut, thereby has increased the space of nut activity, has increased contact volume between them in unit time. Meanwhile, the vertical stirring flow guide rod can avoid the nuts from splashing disorderly and generating collision friction with the inner wall of the treatment chamber to reduce the grade.
The inner walls of the treatment chamber 4 and the reaction chamber 7 are high-temperature resistant ceramic material inner walls; the reaction chamber 7 is provided with an exhaust valve 18 for replacing gas. The ceramic material has weaker attraction to the film-coated gas than that of metal materials such as stainless steel, can realize the maximum utilization of the gas and simultaneously meets the requirements of national safety processing standards.
An automatic control valve 19 is arranged on the gas communication pipeline 9, and a cooling water circulating device 24 is arranged outside the gas communication pipeline 9; an automatic switching valve 20 provided in the gas distribution line 10; the heater 8 is a resistance heater, and a temperature self-control device 21 is arranged on the heater 8. The gas exchange pipeline is provided with an automatic control valve which can be closed or opened at any time according to requirements so as to realize gas supply or gas cut-off to the inside of the treatment chamber; the automatic switching valve arranged on the gas configuration pipeline can realize the switching and on-off control between air and reaction raw material gas, the heater adopts a resistance heater, the environment is protected, the heat preservation and cooling operation can be realized, meanwhile, a temperature automatic control device is arranged on the heater, the set temperatures such as preheating temperature and cooling temperature can be effectively controlled, and meanwhile, the reaction temperature can be adjusted at any time along with the difference of the reaction raw material gas.
The external gas 11 comprises air 22 and reaction raw material gas 23, wherein the reaction raw material gas 23 is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerin, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerin is 1: 1. the reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol to obtain the caprylic acid monoglyceride film, and the caprylic acid monoglyceride film meets the regulation of the national food safety standard food additive use standard (GB 2760-2019) in China. The reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the amount ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is required to be 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film coating time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced.
The film laminating device can realize surface film laminating of seed food such as nuts and the like through a raw material processing system and a gas phase system, an output pipeline is arranged on a processing chamber in the raw material processing system and can be used for exhausting gas in the processing chamber, a rotary raw material processing table in the processing chamber is used for placing nut seeds to be processed, when the seeds to be processed, such as nuts and the like soaked by a cross-linking agent, need to be laminated, all pipelines on equipment are firstly closed, a heater is started to preheat the seeds to be processed, and the preheating is carried out to 50-60 ℃; then placing the seeds to be treated such as nuts and the like soaked by the cross-linking agent on a rotary raw material treatment table; air is introduced into the reaction chamber through a gas distribution pipeline, a gas exchange pipeline and an output pipeline are opened at the same time, the rotary raw material treatment table is driven to rotate through power, and the air is continuously introduced for a certain time; closing the gas communication pipeline and the resistance heater; the reaction raw material gas is conveyed to the reaction cavity through a gas distribution pipeline, most of the air in the reaction chamber is replaced by the reaction raw material gas, and the heater is preheated to the reaction temperature of the specified reaction raw material gas; then cooling the gas in the reaction chamber to 80-90 ℃, simultaneously opening a gas configuration pipeline, a gas exchange pipeline and an output pipeline, introducing air into the reaction chamber and the treatment chamber through the gas configuration pipeline, exhausting the gas outwards through the output pipeline, continuously inputting the gas, and propelling the gas to advance; the gas is uniformly sprayed to the surfaces of seeds such as nuts on the rotary raw material treatment table through the flow equalizing chamber, so that the surfaces of the seeds are coated with films; and (3) after the film covering is finished, the heater is closed, the seeds such as nuts are taken out after the seeds are cooled to the room temperature, and the equipment is closed, so that the film covering treatment of the nuts is realized. According to the film laminating device, the film is uniformly covered, so that seeds are not incinerated at high temperature; the seeds such as nuts are attached with cross-linking points, so that material gas can be concentrated in a film-forming area, the reaction material gas is more effectively utilized, unnecessary resource waste is avoided, and uniform reticular adhesive films are formed on the surfaces of the nuts; after the film is coated, the original nutritional ingredients are kept, meanwhile, the original internal moisture cannot be lost, the external moisture cannot be absorbed, and the environment which is unfavorable for the existence of the mould is provided, so that the food quality is ensured, and the storage and shelf life is prolonged; compared with the prior art, the invention overcomes the problems of functional taste, easy deliquescence, easy mould breeding and the like which cannot be solved by nuts in the existing market, and has the advantages of controllable vapor deposition process, simple structure, integrated operation process, suitability for large-scale commercial application and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the second invention purpose is as follows: a method for laminating with a laminating device, comprising the steps of:
step 1) closing all pipeline valves of the film covering device;
step 2), starting a heater to preheat the heater to 50-60 ℃;
step 3) putting the nut seeds to be treated soaked by the cross-linking agent on a rotary raw material treatment table; the cross-linking agent is sodium citrate, and the sodium citrate is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the nuts; the cross-linking agent forms cross-linking points on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gas and form a uniform network structure. Since nuts are wood-based structures, which have low adsorptivity to coating gases and are not resistant to high temperature, cross-linking agents must be used to form cross-linked spots on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gases and form a uniform net structure. The cross-linking agent adopts sodium citrate which is stable in the air, can be dissolved in water, has good cool feeling when tasted, is safe, reliable and nontoxic, and meets the regulation of the food additive use sanitary standard (GB 2760-;
step 4) introducing air into the reaction chamber for a period of time through a gas configuration pipeline, simultaneously opening a gas communication pipeline and an output pipeline, starting the rotary raw material treatment table to enable the rotary raw material treatment table to be in a rotating state, and continuously introducing air to enable the nut seeds to be treated to be dried;
step 5), closing the gas exchange pipeline and the heater;
step 6), opening an exhaust valve on the reaction chamber, conveying reaction raw material gas to the interior of the reaction chamber through a gas distribution pipeline until the air in the reaction chamber is replaced by the reaction raw material gas, and closing the exhaust valve; starting a heater to preheat to a specified reaction temperature of raw material gas; then cooling the gas to 80-90 ℃ in a gas communication pipeline; the introduced reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film covering time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced. Octanoic acid can be gasified under the conventional boiling point condition, while glycerin needs to be gasified under the condition of decompression to vacuum 0.01-0.05 and at 260-290 ℃ to inhibit the side reaction;
step 7) simultaneously opening a gas configuration pipeline, a gas alternating current pipeline and an output pipeline, introducing air into the reaction chamber through the gas configuration pipeline, and pushing reaction raw material gas in the reaction chamber to the flow equalizing chamber through the air; the reaction raw material gas is uniformly sprayed to the rotary raw material treatment table through the flow equalizing chamber and is sprayed to the surface of the nut seeds to be treated through vent holes on the rotary raw material treatment table, and the rotary raw material treatment table rotates to drive the nut seeds to be treated to roll, so that the surface of the nut seeds is uniformly coated with a film; the output pipeline simultaneously exhausts air outwards;
and 8) after the film coating is finished, turning off the heater, cooling to room temperature, taking out the coated nut seeds, and turning off the equipment.
This utilize tectorial membrane device to carry out method of tectorial membrane, will wait to tectorial membrane nut type seed after through the cross-linking agent infiltration, put into the treatment chamber and let in the air and carry out the drying, thereby make the nut have the surface of cross-linking point, then provide heat to the reaction chamber inside through resistance heater and make reaction raw material gas react, and let in the treatment chamber with the gas that obtains after final reaction, through air pocket and the air vent on even flow chamber and the rotatory baffle and nut seed surface contact, under the attraction of nut seed surface cross-linking point, gas is adsorbed by the nut seed, make the comprehensive tectorial membrane of nut seed. Compared with the same nut seeds which are not coated with the film, the nut seeds coated with the film control the exchange of substances between the coated seeds and the outside to the lowest point, thereby achieving the purposes of resisting deliquescence, oxidation and mould and prolonging the storage life. Meanwhile, the structure and even the micro-morphology of the surface of the tea-leaves are prevented from being changed, so that the taste and the functionality of the tea-leaves are not damaged. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of controllable vapor deposition process, simple structure, integrated operation process, suitability for large-scale commercial application and the like. The whole aeration process comprises the steps of introducing air and controlling the speed of reaction raw material gas within the range of 75-80 m/min.
The period of time for introducing air in the step 4) is determined by the initial water content of the nuts, the water content is 15% -20%, and the drying time for introducing air is 72-96 hours; the water content is 20-25%, and the time is 96-108 hours; the water content is 25-30%, and the time is 108-132 hours; the water content is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the time is more than or equal to 168 hours. Air is introduced to dry the nuts before film coating, the process is integrated, energy waste of all links is reduced, and the quality of the nuts is guaranteed. And can set for the time that the air was dried according to the water content of nut itself, degree of automation is high, and the operation is controllable, and is effectual.
In one aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a film covering device, which has a reaction chamber and a processing chamber connected with other equipment, and can be divided into an upper system and a lower system, i.e., a gas phase system and a material processing system.
The gas treatment is completed in the reaction chamber of the film coating device, the nut raw material treatment is completed in the treatment chamber, and the method comprises the following steps: closing all pipelines, and preheating by a resistance heater to 50-60 ℃; placing seeds of nuts to be treated and the like soaked by the nucleating liquid on a raw material treatment platform; introducing air through the gas distribution pipeline, simultaneously opening the gas communication pipeline and the output pipeline, rotating the raw material processing platform, continuously introducing the air for a certain time, and closing the gas communication and the resistance heater; replacing most of the air in the reaction chamber with reaction raw material gas through a gas distribution pipeline, and preheating the resistance heater to the reaction temperature; after the reaction is finished, cooling to 80-90 ℃, simultaneously opening three gas pipelines, introducing gas through a gas distribution pipeline and exhausting gas through an output pipeline, and propelling the gas to advance and rise; the gas can be uniformly sprayed to the surfaces of seeds such as nuts and the like through the flow equalizing chamber; and after the film covering is finished, closing the resistance heater, cooling to room temperature, taking out the seeds such as nuts and the like, and closing the equipment. Wherein, the inner walls of the reaction chamber and the processing chamber are made of high-temperature resistant ceramic materials. The reaction temperature can be automatically adjusted at any time according to different reaction raw material gases through the heating resistor.
The air holes of the flow equalizing chamber and the air holes of the rotating guide plate are combined to ensure that the air from the lower part can uniformly contact with seeds such as nuts. The nuts can be partially separated from the surrounding nuts under the blowing of certain air flow, so that the moving space of the nuts is increased, and the contact amount of the nuts and the surrounding nuts per unit time is increased. The vertical stirring diversion rod on the diversion plate can avoid the nut from splashing disorderly, and the collision friction is generated with the inner wall of the container to reduce the grade. The ceramic material has weaker attraction to the film-coated gas than stainless steel material, and meets the national processing standard.
In the present application, the coated nuts should be nuts of a certain size like peanuts, hawaii nuts, torreya grandis and the like, such as melon seeds and the like which are too small and dense to be coated by this method.
Most of the air in the reaction chamber is replaced by reaction raw material gas, the space of the reaction chamber is fully utilized, and the yield of the film-coating gas is improved.
Wherein the preheating temperature and the cooling temperature are respectively 50-60 ℃ and 80-90 ℃, wherein the 50-60 ℃ is the baking temperature, the 80-90 ℃ is the sterilization temperature, and the fat in the seeds such as nuts can be deteriorated and easily perishables due to overhigh temperature. Since nuts are wood-based structures, which have low adsorptivity to coating gases and are not resistant to high temperature, cross-linking agents must be used to form cross-linked spots on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gases and form a uniform net structure. Air is introduced to dry the nuts before film coating, the process is integrated, energy waste of all links is reduced, and the quality of the nuts is guaranteed. The certain time for the first air introduction is determined by the initial water content of the nuts, for example, the water content is 15% -20%, and the drying time required for the air introduction is 72-96 hours; the water content is 20-25%, and the time is 96-108 hours; the water content is 25-30%, and the time is 108-132 hours; the water content is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the time is more than or equal to 168 hours.
The reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol to obtain the caprylic acid monoglyceride film, and the caprylic acid monoglyceride film meets the regulation of the hygienic standard for food additive use (GB 2760-2019) in China. The cross-linking agent adopts sodium citrate which is stable in air, can be dissolved in water, has good cool feeling when tasted, is safe, reliable and nontoxic, and meets the regulation of the food additive use sanitary standard (GB2760-2014) in China. The reaction raw material gas is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, the cross-linking agent is sodium citrate, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the mass of the sodium citrate is 0.3 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is required to be 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film coating time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced. Octanoic acid can be gasified under its normal boiling point, while glycerin needs to be gasified under reduced pressure to the range of 0.01-0.05 in vacuum at 260-.
In this embodiment:
the mass ratio of the reaction raw material gas is 1: 1, performing reduced pressure gasification on glycerol and caprylic acid to obtain a mixed gas, wherein a cross-linking agent is sodium citrate, nuts to be coated with films are hulled walnuts, the drying time is 96 hours, the gas reaction time is 8 hours, the gas reaction temperature is 270 ℃, a torreya grandis product with a caprylic acid monoglyceride film taking sodium citrate as a cross-linking point on the surface is obtained after the operation according to the process, and the product is subjected to various detections of sensory indexes, physical and chemical indexes and microbial indexes.
First, sensory index
Second, physicochemical indexes
Third, microorganism index
| Inspection item | Glue film shelling walnut | Index (I) | Inspection method |
| Total number of colonies | 2000CFU/g | ≤10000CFU/g | GB4789.2 |
| Escherichia coli | 6MPN/100g | ≤30MPN/100g | GB4789.3 |
| Mould fungus | 9CFU/g | ≤25CFU/g | GB4789.15 |
| Yeast | 13CFU/g | ≤25CFU/g | GB4789.15 |
From example 1 it can be seen that:
the detection shows that the safety and sanitation standards all accord with the national food safety standard of nut and seed foods (GB 19300), and the product accords with the national sanitation and safety index.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, 10g of each of the glue film hulled walnuts and the common hulled walnuts are equally divided into two groups, and the two groups are respectively placed under the conditions of light-tight sealing and light-tight non-sealing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and then the physiological index and the microbial index are respectively measured after 30 days and 90 days.
One, 30 days later
A. Physical and chemical indexes
B. Microbiological indicator
Second, after 90 days
A. Physical and chemical indexes
B. Microbiological indicator
From example 2 it can be seen that:
through the experiments and the detection, the quality of the walnut after being coated under the closed or non-closed condition is always higher than that of the walnut under the ordinary condition, and especially, the walnut has an obvious antibacterial effect. In conclusion, the process overcomes the problems that the existing market cannot solve the problems of functional mouthfeel, easy deliquescence, easy mould breeding and the like, is favorable for prolonging the shelf life of nut commodities and ensures the quality of the nut commodities.
Example 3:
in this example, the reaction raw material gas was selected such that the mass ratio of the substances was 1: 1, performing reduced pressure gasification on glycerol and caprylic acid to obtain a mixed gas, wherein a cross-linking agent is sodium citrate, selecting shelled almonds for nuts to be coated, drying for 120 hours, performing gas reaction for 8 hours at a gas reaction temperature of 270 ℃, performing operation according to the above process to obtain a torreya grandis product with a caprylic acid monoglyceride film taking sodium citrate as a cross-linking point on the surface, and performing various detections on sensory indexes, physical and chemical indexes and microbial indexes of the product.
First, sensory index
Second, physicochemical indexes
Third, microorganism index
| Inspection item | Plastic film crust-removing badam | Index (I) | Inspection method |
| Total number of colonies | 1981CFU/g | ≤10000CFU/g | GB4789.2 |
| Escherichia coli | 7MPN/100g | ≤30MPN/100g | GB4789.3 |
| Mould fungus | 6CFU/g | ≤25CFU/g | GB4789.15 |
| Yeast | 12CFU/g | ≤25CFU/g | GB4789.15 |
From example 3 it can be seen that:
the detection shows that the safety and sanitation standards all accord with the national food safety standard of nut and seed foods (GB 19300), and the product accords with the national sanitation and safety index.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A film covering device characterized in that: including raw materials processing system (1) and gaseous phase system (2) that communicate each other, raw materials processing system (1) including have treatment chamber (4) of output pipeline (3), set up in inside rotation type raw materials processing platform (5) of treatment chamber (4) and set up in flow equalizing chamber (6) of rotation type raw materials processing platform (5) below, gaseous phase system (2) including reacting chamber (7) and heater (8), reacting chamber (7) set up inside heater (8), reacting chamber (7) communicate with flow equalizing chamber (6) through a gaseous interchange pipeline (9), reacting chamber (7) communicate through a gaseous configuration pipeline (10) outside gas (11).
2. The film covering device of claim 1, wherein: the rotary raw material processing platform (5) comprises a driving motor (12), a rotary roller (13) and a rotary guide plate (14), wherein the rotary guide plate (14) is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the processing chamber (4) through the rotary roller (13) and is driven by the driving motor (12) to rotate.
3. A film covering device according to claim 2, wherein: a plurality of vent holes (15) and vertical stirring guide rods (16) are uniformly distributed on the rotary guide plate (14); a plurality of air holes (17) are uniformly distributed on the flow equalizing chamber (6).
4. The film covering device of claim 1, wherein: the inner walls of the treatment chamber (4) and the reaction chamber (7) are high-temperature resistant ceramic material inner walls; an exhaust valve (18) for replacing gas is arranged on the reaction chamber (7).
5. The film covering device of claim 1, wherein: an automatic control valve (19) is arranged on the gas alternating-current pipeline (9), and a cooling water circulating device (24) is arranged outside the gas alternating-current pipeline (9); an automatic switching valve (20) arranged on the gas distribution pipeline (10); the heater (8) is a resistance heater, and a temperature self-control device (21) is arranged on the heater (8).
6. The film covering device of claim 1, wherein: the external gas (11) comprises air (22) and reaction raw material gas (23), the reaction raw material gas (23) is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1.
7. a method for coating by using the coating device of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) closing all pipeline valves of the film covering device;
step 2), starting a heater to preheat the heater to 50-60 ℃;
step 3) putting the nut seeds to be treated soaked by the cross-linking agent on a rotary raw material treatment table;
step 4) introducing air into the reaction chamber for a period of time through a gas configuration pipeline, simultaneously opening a gas communication pipeline and an output pipeline, starting the rotary raw material treatment table to enable the rotary raw material treatment table to be in a rotating state, and continuously introducing air to enable the nut seeds to be treated to be dried;
step 5), closing the gas exchange pipeline and the heater;
step 6), opening an exhaust valve on the reaction chamber, conveying reaction raw material gas to the interior of the reaction chamber through a gas distribution pipeline until the air in the reaction chamber is replaced by the reaction raw material gas, and closing the exhaust valve; starting a heater to preheat to a specified reaction temperature of raw material gas; then cooling the gas to 80-90 ℃ in a gas communication pipeline;
step 7) simultaneously opening a gas configuration pipeline, a gas alternating current pipeline and an output pipeline, introducing air into the reaction chamber through the gas configuration pipeline, and pushing reaction raw material gas in the reaction chamber to the flow equalizing chamber through the air; the reaction raw material gas is uniformly sprayed to the rotary raw material treatment table through the flow equalizing chamber and is sprayed to the surface of the nut seeds to be treated through vent holes on the rotary raw material treatment table, and the rotary raw material treatment table rotates to drive the nut seeds to be treated to roll, so that the surface of the nut seeds is uniformly coated with a film; the output pipeline simultaneously exhausts air outwards;
and 8) after the film coating is finished, turning off the heater, cooling to room temperature, taking out the coated nut seeds, and turning off the equipment.
8. The method for laminating with a laminating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the cross-linking agent in the step 3) adopts sodium citrate, and the sodium citrate is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the nuts; the cross-linking agent forms cross-linking points on the surface of the nuts to adsorb gas and form a uniform network structure.
9. The method for laminating with a laminating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the reaction raw material gas introduced in the step 6) is a mixture of caprylic acid and glycerol, and the mass ratio of the caprylic acid to the glycerol is 1: 1, the mass of the glycerol added each time is 10 percent of the total mass of the nuts, the reaction temperature is 260-300 ℃, the reaction time is 8-9 hours, the film covering time is 2-3 hours, and the glycerol can be circularly introduced.
10. The method for laminating with a laminating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the period of time for introducing air in the step 4) is determined by the initial water content of the nuts, the water content is 15% -20%, and the drying time for introducing air is 72-96 hours; the water content is 20-25%, and the time is 96-108 hours; the water content is 25-30%, and the time is 108-132 hours; the water content is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the time is more than or equal to 168 hours.
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