CN112364419A - Unit type building external sunshade design parameter calculation method, storage medium and equipment - Google Patents
Unit type building external sunshade design parameter calculation method, storage medium and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a storage medium and equipment for calculating external sunshade design parameters of a unit type building, and solves the problems that the traditional building sunshade design method is large in workload, low in efficiency and incapable of obtaining an optimal solution. The invention designs the unit type building external sunshade by using a parametric design means based on the design scheme of the unit type building external sunshade, considers the design result from the initial stage of the design, and obtains the satisfied design result by continuously iterating and controlling the shape, the system and the size of the unit type building external sunshade. The invention is different from the traditional design concept of rechecking by using traditional standard limit values, adopts multi-physical field coupling parameterization calculation, obtains an optimal design scheme according to a satisfied solution, can obtain the optimal shape and size of the external sunshade of the unit building, can ensure the optimal indoor lighting environment while reducing the building energy consumption, achieves the aim of green building design of sustainable development for saving the construction cost and the operation cost, and meets the requirement of a green building design system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building energy-saving design, in particular to a method, a storage medium and equipment for calculating external sunshade design parameters of a unit building.
Background
The building sunshade design has the effects of reducing the heat transfer of the building enclosure structure and reducing the cold load of an air conditioner in summer by reducing the solar radiation directly entering the room. Especially in hot in summer and warm in winter area, solar radiation intensity is big and duration is long, and indoor hot environment can effectively be improved to outstanding sunshade design, improves the inside thermal comfort level of building. Meanwhile, the sun-shading design of the building is closely related to the indoor natural lighting environment. The shading form and the picking depth affect the indoor illuminance value. Reasonable sun-shading design can reduce the influence of solar radiation on indoor thermal environment and maximize the natural lighting effect of a building.
The existing building sun-shading design method is that a designer determines a sun-shading form of a building according to modeling requirements, and then checks whether a sun-shading coefficient of an external window or an indoor lighting coefficient meets the requirements of regulations or not according to the required green building standard regulations, so as to determine the sun-shading size. Although the final result of the method can meet the specification or standard requirement, the workload is large, a large amount of repeated work or design experience is required, and the work efficiency is poor. Meanwhile, the traditional design method cannot obtain the optimal solution of the sunshade design, is not beneficial to the optimal energy-saving design of buildings and the construction of resource-saving green building systems advocated by the current society.
In addition, the traditional sun-shading form is separated from the outer skin of the building, generally, the sun-shading plate is horizontally arranged or the sun-shading shutter is vertically arranged, the integrated design idea of the integral design of sun-shading and the outer skin of the building is lacked, and the sustainable development design idea in the field of green building design is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method, a storage medium and equipment for calculating external sunshade design parameters of a unit type building, so as to solve the problems that the traditional building sunshade design method is large in workload, low in working efficiency and incapable of obtaining an optimal solution.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the design parameters of the external sunshade of a unit type building comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing a parameterized building model according to a design scheme of the unit type building external sunshade, wherein the parameterized building model takes the form and size parameters of the unit type building external sunshade selected according to design requirements as control parameters, and then skipping to step 2;
step 2, on the basis of the parameterized building model, building solar radiation simulation calculation modules and indoor lighting simulation calculation modules are utilized, and a calculation model is constructed by taking the solar thermal radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical face of the building in the parameterized building model and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building as calculation results, and then the step 3 is skipped;
step 3, on the basis of the calculation model, using a multi-target genetic algorithm solver module to take the control parameters as the input of the calculation model, taking the solar thermal radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting facade of the building and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building as optimization targets, carrying out genetic algorithm solution to obtain a group of relatively optimal solutions, and then jumping to the step 4;
and 4, judging whether a solution meeting the design requirement exists in the relative optimal solutions according to the design requirement, if so, taking the shape and size parameters corresponding to the solution meeting the design requirement as the optimal shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, if not, returning to the step 1, and iteratively updating the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building until the relative optimal solution meeting the design requirement is obtained.
Further, in the step 1, the parameterized building model is constructed by using a grasshopper parameterized design platform.
Further, the building solar radiation simulation calculation module and the indoor lighting simulation calculation module comprise a ladybug and honeybee calculation module based on a grasshopper parameterized design platform.
Further, the shape, the manufacture and the size parameters of the unit type building external sunshade comprise the length, the width, the depth and the distance of the unit type building external sunshade.
Further, the multi-target genetic algorithm solver module is a Wallace genetic algorithm solver based on a grasshopper parameterization design platform.
Further, in the optimization target, the solar heat radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical surface of the building is the minimum value of solutions, and the average lighting coefficient of the main indoor functional rooms of the building is not lower than a preset value.
Furthermore, the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building have a preset range, and when the step 1 is returned to perform iterative updating on the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building are iteratively updated within the preset range.
Furthermore, the unit type building external sunshade and the building external vertical face are of an integrated structure.
A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program executable by a processor is stored, the computer program, when being executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method for calculating the parameters of the exterior sun shade of a unit building as described above.
An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program realizes the steps of the method for calculating the external sunshade design parameters of the unit building when being executed by the processor.
The invention is mainly based on the design scheme foundation of the unit type building external sunshade, designs the unit type building external sunshade by using a parameterization design means, considers the design result from the initial stage of design, and obtains a satisfactory design result by continuously iterating and controlling the shape, the system and the size of the unit type building external sunshade. The invention is different from the traditional design concept of rechecking by using traditional standard limit values, adopts multi-physical field coupling parameterization calculation, obtains an optimal design scheme according to satisfied solution, can obtain the optimal shape and size of the external sunshade of the unit building, can ensure the optimal indoor lighting environment while reducing the building energy consumption, achieves the aim of green building design of sustainable development for saving the construction cost and the operation cost, and meets the requirement of a green building design system.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the design parameters of the exterior sun-shading of a unit building.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The influence of building external sunshade on the building mainly has two aspects, namely building heat load and indoor luminous environment, and the two generally form a negative correlation relationship. For example, when the length of the flat panel exterior sun shade is increased, the thermal load of the building may be reduced accordingly due to the reduction of solar radiation obtained indoors, but the indoor light environment may be deteriorated due to the natural light entering indoors being blocked by the sun shade facility. Because the influence of the external sunshade of the building on the two aspects of the building, the building heat load and the indoor light environment have a negative correlation relationship, the invention mainly considers the calculation method of utilizing the parameterization multi-target solution, and simultaneously considers the influence of the unit type external sunshade of the building on the solar radiation heat gain of the building and the comfort level of the indoor light environment to solve the optimal external sunshade design scheme. Because of the influence of the sun shading outside the building on the two aspects of the building, the solar heat radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical surface of the building and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building are used as evaluation parameters of the heat load of the building and the indoor light environment.
Based on the consideration, the invention provides a method for calculating the external sunshade design parameters of the unit type building. As shown in fig. 1, the method mainly includes the following steps.
Step 1, constructing a parameterized building model according to a design scheme of the unit type building external sunshade, wherein the parameterized building model takes the form and size parameters of the unit type building external sunshade selected according to design requirements as control parameters, and then skipping to step 2. The parameterized building model may be constructed using a grasshopper parameterized design platform. The grasshopper is a plug-in which a program algorithm is adopted to generate a model and operates in a Rhino environment, a desired model can be obtained through some simple flow methods without too many program language bases, the workload of designers is reduced, and the grasshopper is software with parameterized design characteristics. The shape, the system and the size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building comprise the length, the width, the depth, the distance and the like of the external sunshade of the unit type building.
And 2, on the basis of the parameterized building model, building solar radiation simulation calculation modules and indoor lighting simulation calculation modules are utilized, the solar radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical surface of the building in the parameterized building model and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building are used as calculation results, a calculation model is constructed, and then the step 3 is skipped. The building solar radiation simulation calculation module and the indoor lighting simulation calculation module comprise ladybug and honeybee calculation modules based on a grasshopper parameterized design platform. The ladybug and honeybee computing modules are arranged in the grasshopper parameterized design platform, so that a powerful, simple and efficient building weather simulation and analysis function is provided, and solar radiation heat and indoor light environment conditions of a building can be accurately simulated and analyzed.
And 3, on the basis of the calculation model, using a multi-target genetic algorithm solver module to take the control parameters as the input of the calculation model, taking the solar thermal radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting facade of the building and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building as optimization targets, carrying out genetic algorithm solution to obtain a group of relatively optimal solutions, and then jumping to the step 4. The multi-target genetic algorithm solver module in the step can be a Wallace genetic algorithm solver based on a grasshopper parameterized design platform. Generally, the lower the solar heat radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical face of the building is, the lower the energy consumption of the building is, the more energy-saving the building is, the higher the average lighting coefficient of the main function rooms in the building is, the better the lighting of the building is, and the higher the indoor light environment comfort level of the building is, so that in the optimization target, the solar heat radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical face of the building is the minimum value of solutions, and the average lighting coefficient of the main function rooms in the building is not lower than a preset value. The specific value of the preset value can be determined according to the actual conditions of different regions.
And 4, judging whether a solution meeting the design requirement exists in the relative optimal solutions according to the design requirement, if so, taking the shape and size parameters corresponding to the solution meeting the design requirement as the optimal shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, if not, returning to the step 1, and iteratively updating the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building until the relative optimal solution meeting the design requirement is obtained. A preset range can be determined for the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, and when the step 1 is returned to perform iterative updating on the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building are iteratively updated in the preset range.
Compared with the traditional design method, the design generation logic is pursued more, the relation of design expression effect, building energy consumption and building comfort is considered from the scheme stage, and whether the design scheme is reasonable or not and meets the design target requirement is inversely demonstrated from the design conclusion. Furthermore, based on the building integrated design concept, the unit type building external sunshade and the building external vertical face can be integrated and designed into a whole, so that the unit type building external sunshade and the building external vertical face are of an integrated structure, the building external vertical face sunshade function is given, and the sustainable development design concept in the green building field is better met.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program capable of being executed by a processor is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps in the method for calculating the parameters of the exterior sunshade design of the unit building are realized.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for calculating the parameters of the exterior sunshade design of the unit building are implemented.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating the design parameters of the external sunshade of a unit type building is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, constructing a parameterized building model according to a design scheme of the unit type building external sunshade, wherein the parameterized building model takes the form and size parameters of the unit type building external sunshade selected according to design requirements as control parameters, and then skipping to step 2;
step 2, on the basis of the parameterized building model, building solar radiation simulation calculation modules and indoor lighting simulation calculation modules are utilized, and a calculation model is constructed by taking the solar thermal radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical face of the building in the parameterized building model and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building as calculation results, and then the step 3 is skipped;
step 3, on the basis of the calculation model, using a multi-target genetic algorithm solver module to take the control parameters as the input of the calculation model, taking the solar thermal radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting facade of the building and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in the building as optimization targets, carrying out genetic algorithm solution to obtain a group of relatively optimal solutions, and then jumping to the step 4;
and 4, judging whether a solution meeting the design requirement exists in the relative optimal solutions according to the design requirement, if so, taking the shape and size parameters corresponding to the solution meeting the design requirement as the optimal shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building, if not, returning to the step 1, and iteratively updating the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit type building until the relative optimal solution meeting the design requirement is obtained.
2. A method for calculating parameters of an external sunshade design of a unit building according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, said parameterized building model is constructed using a grasshopper parameterized design platform.
3. The method for calculating parameters of exterior sunshade design of unit-type building as claimed in claim 2, wherein said building solar radiation simulation calculation module and indoor lighting simulation calculation module comprise laybug and honeybee calculation modules based on the grasshopper parametric design platform.
4. The method of calculating the design parameters of the external sunshade of the unit building of claim 1, wherein the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit building include the length, width, depth and distance of the external sunshade of the unit building.
5. The method for calculating the parameters of the exterior sunshade design of a unit-type building according to claim 1, wherein said multi-objective genetic algorithm solver module is a wallace genetic algorithm solver based on a grasshopper parameterized design platform.
6. The method for calculating the parameters of exterior sunshade design of a unit-type building according to claim 1, wherein in said optimization objective, the solar heat radiation value of the outer surface of the light-transmitting vertical surface of said building is the minimum value of the solutions, and the average lighting coefficient of the main functional rooms in said building room is not lower than the preset value.
7. The method for calculating the design parameters of the external sunshade of the unit-type building according to claim 1, wherein the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit-type building have a preset range, and when the step 1 is returned to perform the iterative update of the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit-type building, the shape and size parameters of the external sunshade of the unit-type building are iteratively updated within the preset range.
8. The method for calculating the design parameters of the external sunshade of the unit-type building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external sunshade and the external facade of the unit-type building are an integrated structure.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program capable of being executed by a processor is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating parameters of exterior sun shade of unit building according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating the design parameters of exterior shades of unit buildings according to any of claims 1-7.
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| CN113591180A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-02 | 北京建筑大学 | Method and device for generating lighting and shading facilities, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114417478A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市建筑设计研究总院有限公司 | Building lighting evaluation method and device and storage medium |
| CN114764521A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-19 | 浙江大学 | Garden building shape optimization method and system based on genetic algorithm |
| CN114896664A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-12 | 浙江大学 | Photovoltaic integrated enclosure structure optimization method and system for park building |
| CN115795635A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 佛山电力设计院有限公司 | Sunshade setting method, device, equipment and storage medium for transformer substation building |
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