CN112352575A - Method for improving tomato fruit setting rate at high temperature by using 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation - Google Patents
Method for improving tomato fruit setting rate at high temperature by using 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112352575A CN112352575A CN202011131714.8A CN202011131714A CN112352575A CN 112352575 A CN112352575 A CN 112352575A CN 202011131714 A CN202011131714 A CN 202011131714A CN 112352575 A CN112352575 A CN 112352575A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of tomatoes at high temperature by using a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation. The method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a 10-100 mu M mixed preparation of a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation and a Silwet L-77 surfactant, cultivating tomatoes at a temperature above 30 ℃, spraying the mixed preparation on a single inflorescence in a bud development period of a first inflorescence of the tomatoes, wherein the spraying dosage of each single inflorescence is 1.0mL, and spraying the mixed preparation once every 2 days for 3 times in total; the Silwet L-77 surfactant accounts for 0.01% of the volume of the mixed reagent. The method can effectively relieve the influence of high temperature on the vitality of the tomato pollen, reduce the abortion rate of the tomato pollen under the high-temperature condition, improve the fruit setting rate and the average single fruit weight of the tomato, and finally obviously improve the single-plant yield and the fruit commodity of the tomato so as to ensure the high-temperature seasonal production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of tomatoes at high temperature by using a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation.
Background
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are annual or perennial plants of the genus Solanum in the family solanaceae, and are main vegetables in summer and autumn which are commonly cultivated in various regions of north and south of China. At present, due to the greenhouse effect, the global temperature is continuously increased, and the high temperature stress becomes one of the important factors influencing the yield and the quality of the tomatoes. The reproductive growth period of most common cultivated crops is more sensitive to high temperatures than the vegetative growth period. Many high temperatures cause yield losses in crops primarily related to male sterility due to pollen abortion. Early hyperthermia induces abnormalities in meiosis during pollen development, and chromosomal behavior is affected, resulting in unbalanced chromosome segregation between spores and affecting 2n pollen formation. The developmental process of tapetum cells is disturbed under heat stress and degenerates, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulate at extremely high temperatures or under long-term mild heat stress.
The plant growth regulating substance also plays an important role in coping with plant biotic and abiotic stresses including high temperature, low temperature, drought, heavy metal, pathogenic bacteria and the like. The role of plant growth regulators in crop heat shock response and the regulation mechanism have been reported. Research by kata et al (2010) shows that exogenous spraying auxin substances such as IAA, NAA, 2,4-D and the like can improve the anther length (1.8-2.5mm) of wheat at high temperature, increase mature pollen grains and improve seed setting rate. The Feng et al (2018) study showed that exogenous salicylic acid sprayed rice plants obtained higher pollen viability under heat stress conditions than the control treated plants. Studies by Qi et al (2018) show that high temperature-induced degeneration of tomato anther tapetum cells and pollen malformations can be significantly overcome by pretreatment with melatonin. 5-hydroxytryptamine is an indole derivative, also known as serotonin, 5-HT, N-acetic acid-5-methoxyhydroxytryptamine, which plays an important role in plant growth and development including rooting, germination, senescence, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine and the development of plant pollen has not been clarified so far.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of tomatoes at high temperature by using a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation, the preparation taking 5-hydroxytryptamine as an effective component and the preparation for relieving pollen abortion caused by high temperature by using the preparation, so that the normal development form of pollen is effectively maintained, the tolerance of plants to high temperature stress is effectively improved, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield of the tomatoes at high temperature is finally improved. The invention has simple operation, simple and effective use, safety and no pollution.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the fruit setting rate of tomatoes at high temperature by using a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation comprises the following steps: preparing a mixed preparation of 10-100 mu M of 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation and Silwet L-77 surfactant, enabling the tomatoes growing at high temperature to grow to the first inflorescence bud-developing period, spraying the mixed preparation on the buds, wherein the spraying dosage of each single inflorescence is 1.0mL, spraying the mixed preparation once every 2 days, and spraying the mixed preparation 3 times in total.
Further, the Silwet L-77 surfactant accounts for 0.01% of the volume of the mixed reagent.
Further, the high temperature refers to the temperature condition which affects the normal development of the tomato pollen at the temperature of more than 30 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the method, the 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation with the concentration of 10-100 mu M is sprayed on the tomato buds, so that pollen abortion and pollen malformation induced by high temperature are effectively relieved, the fruit setting rate of the tomatoes at high temperature is improved, and the fruit development traits of the tomatoes are not obviously influenced. In addition, the 5-hydroxytryptamine is used as an endogenous metabolite, can be biodegraded, has no toxicity to human bodies, is safe and has no residue, and the mixed preparation is simple to use and low in cost, so that the preparation is very suitable for the production of facility tomatoes.
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FIG. 1 is a comparison of tomato pollen viability for the spray application of the mixed and control formulations using the method of the present invention; FIG. 1(a) is a statistic of pollen count for spray application of the mixed formulation and spray application of the control formulation; FIG. 1(b) is a comparison chart of pollen viability statistics of spray application of the mixed preparation and the spray application of the control preparation;
FIG. 2 is a statistical graph of tomato pollen teratogenicity rate for spray application of a mixed formulation and a spray application of a control formulation according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of tomato fruit set rate for spray application of the mixed formulation and spray application of the control formulation using the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
(1) Plant material
The tomato variety 'Micro-Tom' used in the experiment is a multi-generation stable inbred line bred and stored in a laboratory. Sowing the seeds on a substrate (turf: vermiculite: perlite in a volume ratio of 3: 1) to culture tomato seedlings, and planting the seedlings in a phytotron, wherein the photoperiod is set to 16h/8h (light/dark), the air humidity is kept between 70% and 85%, and the illumination intensity is 300 mu mol.m-2s-1. Setting the temperature cycle of normal growth of plants at 25 +/-1 ℃/20 +/-1 ℃ (day/night), and conventionally carrying out a water fertilizer tube to grow the tomatoes at normal temperature to the bud stage.
(2) Preparing a mixed preparation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation and the Silwet L-77 surfactant and a control preparation:
first, 5-hydroxytryptamine (Coollaber, Shanghai-derived leaf biol., Ltd.) was added with water and stirred to prepare a mother liquor having a concentration of 1 mM. The operation is carried out in the shade as far as possible, and the prepared preparation needs to be stored at 4 ℃. When the composition is used, 5-hydroxytryptamine is prepared according to the proportion of 1 mu mol/L, 10 mu mol/L and 100 mu mol/L, and Silwet L-77 surfactant is respectively added to prepare a mixed preparation, wherein the Silwet L-77 surfactant accounts for 0.01% of the volume of the mixed preparation.
The control preparation is prepared by adding Silwet L-77 surfactant into clear water, wherein the Silwet L-77 surfactant accounts for 0.01% of the volume of the control preparation.
(3) High temperature stress and spray treatment
(a) In the bud development period of the first inflorescence of the tomato, the prepared mixed preparation and the prepared control preparation are respectively sprayed on buds of different plants at 10 o' clock in the morning, the spraying dosage of each time on a single inflorescence is 1.0mL, after 2 days, the plants are subjected to high-temperature treatment for 4 days, the temperature in the day is 33 ℃, and the temperature in the night is 28 ℃. Then spraying a mixed preparation or a contrast preparation once on the day of high-temperature treatment and every other day, spraying the preparation aiming at flower buds, and spraying 1.0ml of the preparation on each individual plant. There were 15 tomato plants per treatment for a total of 3 biological replicates.
(b) Treating buds by adopting the method in the step (a), removing the temperature to keep the temperature period of normal growth of tomato plants: 25 ℃ plus or minus 1 ℃/20 ℃ plus or minus 1 ℃ (day/night), and the rest conditions are unchanged.
(4) Pollen viability assay
And when the tomato is treated at high temperature for 4 days, completely opening flowers of the tomato with good growth vigor, which are sprayed with the mixed preparation and the control preparation respectively, wherein each plant is not less than 5 flowers, not less than 5 plants are taken, and the pollen vigor is detected after 3 biological repetitions, and the specific operation is as follows: 20 mu L of Alexander working solution is respectively dropped on a glass slide, pollen is shaken out of the solution and is gently sucked and evenly mixed by a liquid transfer gun, a cover glass is covered, the pollen is stored for 2 hours in a dark place at room temperature, and then the vitality of the pollen is observed and photographed and recorded by a microscope (DMLB, Leica, Germany).
The formula of the alexander dye solution comprises the following components: 10mL of 95% ethanol, 5mL of 1 wt% malachite green solution (dissolved in 95% ethanol), 5mL of 1 wt% acid fuchsin solution, 0.5mL of 1 wt% orange G, 2mL of glacial acetic acid, 25mL of glycerol and 5G of phenol, and dd H is added2And supplementing the solution to 50mL to obtain the mother solution of the alexander dye liquor. When in use, the mother liquor and dd H are mixed2O is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: diluting the solution into working solution at a ratio of 50.
Pollen viability assay results As shown in FIGS. 1(a) - (b), the pollen viability of the plants treated with the mixed formulations of 1. mu.M, 10. mu.M and 100. mu.M was not significantly different from the pollen viability of the plants treated with the control formulations during the temperature cycle of normal growth of tomato plants. Under the high-temperature condition, the pollen activity of the plant treated by spraying the control preparation is remarkably reduced to 63.71% from 97.27% in the temperature cycle of normal growth, and is reduced by 33.56%; the pollen viability of the plants treated by the mixed preparation of 1.0 mu M, 10 mu M and 100 mu M is respectively reduced by 3.18 percent, 3.14 percent and 1.99 percent, has no obvious difference with the plants grown under the temperature cycle of normal growth, and is obviously higher than the pollen viability of the plants sprayed with the control preparation under the high-temperature stress. This shows that the mixed preparation prepared in the present study can effectively alleviate the tomato pollen abortion caused by high temperature, and further cause the yield reduction problem.
And (3) observing the pollen forms of the tomato plants sprayed with the mixed preparation and the control preparation on the high-temperature treatment day 4 and the pollen forms of the tomato plants sprayed with the mixed preparation and the control preparation in a normal growth temperature cycle by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and counting the pollen abnormality rate of the tomato plants.
The statistic result of the pollen aberration rate is shown in fig. 2, pollen grains are full and elliptical in the temperature cycle of normal growth, have clear and uniformly distributed germination ditches, the pollen aberration rate is extremely low and is 5.66%, however, most of the pollen of the tomato plants (shown as 0 μ M SER in fig. 2) sprayed with the control preparation under the high-temperature stress condition is in a collapsed and shriveled form, the aberration rate is as high as 85.97%, and the pollen aberration rate is very different from that of the tomato plants in the temperature cycle of normal growth. However, under the high-temperature stress condition, the pollen distortion rates of the plants treated by the mixed preparation of 1 μ M, 10 μ M and 100 μ M are 34.69%, 23.29% and 12.08% respectively, although the pollen distortion rates are all higher than that of the plants in the temperature period of normal growth, the pollen distortion rates are all very significantly lower than that of the plants sprayed with the control preparation under the high-temperature stress condition, and the distortion rates are gradually reduced along with the increase of the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine, so that a certain concentration effect exists. The results show that the mixed preparation prepared by the invention can effectively reduce the pollen aberration rate of plants under high temperature conditions, maintain the normal shape of pollen and has the best effect of treating with 100 mu M of 5-hydroxytryptamine.
(6) Statistics of tomato fruit set percentage
When the flower buds of the lines develop to mature fruits in the tetrad period, the fruit setting rate of the same inflorescence in the same period is counted. The fruit set rate was calculated from the percentage (%) of the actual number of fruits to the total number of flowering.
As shown in FIG. 3, the fruit set percentage of the plants treated with the mixed preparation of 1. mu.M, 10. mu.M and 100. mu.M was not significantly different from that of the plants treated with the control preparation, and was 56.55%, 67.04%, 69.50% and 67.87%, respectively, during the temperature cycle of normal growth of the tomatoes. But under the high temperature condition, the average fruit setting rate of the sprayed contrast preparation plant is 25.51 percent, which is reduced by 74.49 percent compared with the plant under the temperature period of normal growth, and the reduction is very obvious; while the fruit set rates of the plants sprayed with the mixed formulations of 1 μ M, 10 μ M and 100 μ M were 40.94%, 51.67%, 54.41%, respectively, significantly higher than the tomato plants treated with the control formulation, and were close to the level of fruit set rate at the temperature of normal growth. However, the comparison of different concentrations of each treatment shows that the fruit setting rate is increased along with the increase of the treatment concentration, and the difference of the fruit setting rate of the plants treated by the mixed preparation with the concentration of 10 mu M and the concentration of 100 mu M is not obvious. The result is combined to show that the mixed preparation prepared by the invention can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of plants under high temperature stress, thereby improving the fruit yield.
(7) Observation and statistics of tomato fruit development
And respectively observing and counting mature fruits of tomato plants sprayed with the mixed preparation and the control preparation, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the fruits, the transverse diameter of the fruits, the weight of each fruit and the number of seeds, and calculating the fruit shape index (longitudinal diameter of the fruits/transverse diameter of the fruits). Not less than 15 plants per line, 5 mature fruits per line, 3 biological replicates. And the statistical data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism (p-value < 0.05).
The statistical results of the fruit traits are shown in table 1, and the fruit traits treated by the mixed preparation and the control preparation have no significant difference no matter under the temperature cycle of normal growth or under the high-temperature stress condition. The mixed preparation prepared by the invention has no adverse effect on the fruit character of the plant treated by the mixed preparation.
Table 1: statistical table of tomato fruit shape by using the method and spraying clear water of the invention
In conclusion, the research results show that the method can effectively improve the high temperature resistance of the tomato pollen, increase the yield and effectively improve the high temperature resistance of the tomato.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of tomatoes at high temperature by using a 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a mixed preparation of 10-100 mu M of 5-hydroxytryptamine preparation and Silwet L-77 surfactant, enabling the tomatoes growing at high temperature to grow to the first inflorescence bud-developing period, spraying the mixed preparation on the buds, wherein the spraying dosage of each single inflorescence is 1.0mL, spraying the mixed preparation once every 2 days, and spraying the mixed preparation 3 times in total.
2. The method for improving the fruit set percentage of tomatoes at high temperature using the 5-hydroxytryptamine formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Silwet L-77 surfactant comprises 0.01% by volume of the combined reagents.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevated temperature is a temperature above 30 ℃ that affects normal development of tomato pollen.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104509547A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-15 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Spray-type tomato fruit setting agent |
| CN106070217A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 韦锦鑫 | A kind of method for improving Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruit-setting rate |
| CN106172408A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of 5 hydroxytryptamines are in the application alleviated during Brassica campestris L stain evil is coerced |
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- 2020-10-21 CN CN202011131714.8A patent/CN112352575A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104509547A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-15 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Spray-type tomato fruit setting agent |
| CN106070217A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 韦锦鑫 | A kind of method for improving Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruit-setting rate |
| CN106172408A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of 5 hydroxytryptamines are in the application alleviated during Brassica campestris L stain evil is coerced |
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Application publication date: 20210212 |