CN112351944A - 多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜 - Google Patents

多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜 Download PDF

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CN112351944A
CN112351944A CN201980042836.9A CN201980042836A CN112351944A CN 112351944 A CN112351944 A CN 112351944A CN 201980042836 A CN201980042836 A CN 201980042836A CN 112351944 A CN112351944 A CN 112351944A
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film
layer
capsule
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塞巴斯蒂安·迈尔
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SPC SUNFLOWER PLASTIC COMPOUND GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜，适合作为食品包装，尤其作为用于食品容器、饮料胶囊、咖啡胶囊等的包装，其特征在于，薄膜至少由第一层和第二层构成。

Description

多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜
背景技术
存在多种类型的塑料薄膜并且这些薄膜通常用于包装或者具有完全特定的功能。在此尤其提到密封薄膜的功能，所述密封薄膜在食品包装中使用，例如作为用于饮料胶囊的覆盖件，例如用于咖啡、茶、所有类型的功能饮料，其中一方面薄膜气密地密封胶囊的被填充的内容，即咖啡、茶、药草等，另一方面但是也可行的是，能够将胶囊通过相应的机器用针刺破，以便随后通过空心针将液体、例如热水在预定的压力下压入到胶囊中。最后也可行的是，薄膜的断裂不通过向外的机械作用、而是通过水压造成，所述水压将薄膜按压到钝的棱锥板上并且变形成，使得超过断裂拉伸率并且出现薄膜的断裂。
在这种应用中，胶囊材料具有胶囊壁、胶囊底部并且在胶囊底部的相对置的侧上具有通常环绕的法兰状的边缘的开口。
在将胶囊用期望的饮料粉末、即例如咖啡、茶等填充之后，随后在所述胶囊开口上施加密封薄膜。
如果在咖啡机中对应的填充接管穿过胶囊底部，以便因此将水以预定温度和以预定压力按压到胶囊中，那么通过剪切元件或针等将密封薄膜刺破、剪开等，使得液体、即例如咖啡、茶、功能饮料等能够从胶囊中流出。
已经存在用于构成密封薄膜的多种建议。
然而，一个特别的挑战在于，密封薄膜不仅应满足其作为密封薄膜的功能，而且包括密封薄膜在内的整个胶囊也可家庭堆肥，即应在相对短的时间内可生物降解。
如果例如密封薄膜由传统的标准塑料，如例如聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)等构成，那么不能得出薄膜的从而还有整个胶囊的这种可家庭堆肥性。
如果胶囊本体由可家庭堆肥的塑料构成，例如S2PC-PBS，并且密封薄膜由传统塑料构成，那么也就是说可能的是，在堆肥之前，将密封薄膜与胶囊本体分开，但是这是极其耗费的，在技术上难以表示并且最后也出于成本因素是不经济的。
只要在本申请的范围内讨论类型为S2PC-PBS或S2PC-PBSA或S2PC-PBS/PBSA的可家庭堆肥的塑料，那么借此表示如下材料，所述材料也在专利申请WO2017/186743中描述和公开。所述申请的内容也成为本申请的主题。S2PC-PBS或S2PC-PBSA或S2PC-PBS/PBSA是生物复合材料，其中生物组成部分(S2PC)壳材料是葵花籽的壳的磨碎的壳材料，并且PBS是聚琥珀酸丁二醇酯(由线性脂肪族聚酯的组构成的化学化合物)并且PBSA是聚四二酸丁二醇酯。这种PBS或PBSA作为可生物分解的材料已知。
作为现有技术还参照DE102013216309、DE102013208876和WO2013/072146。
也已知的是，胶囊以及覆盖薄膜不是由塑料、而是由金属、例如铝制成。薄的铝薄膜的构成方案也是已知的，但是胶囊的、尤其薄膜的这种物质性不满足对可家庭堆肥性的要求。
最后也已知的是，作为密封薄膜，只要其以“生物”或“可堆肥”做广告，能使用不同类型的纸。这种纸的缺点是，其对氧气不具有良好的阻隔效果从而在胶囊之内的咖啡快速地丧失品质，因此最后由于氧化而降级，这在味道中非常不舒服地反映出来。
发明内容
在本发明中因此首先涉及，提供密封薄膜，尤其用于饮料胶囊的密封薄膜，所述密封薄膜具有非常好的氧气阻隔效果，所述密封薄膜是可家庭堆肥的并且也具有期望的断裂性能，借此咖啡机中的已知的机构能够易于打开密封薄膜。
所述目的例如借助于如下薄膜来实现，所述薄膜基于S2PC-PBS研发。薄膜的厚度在此能够在50μm和1500μm之间，其中尤其优选地应使用以300μm的构成方案。
根据本发明的目的因此也还通过一种多层复合物中的薄膜来实现，其中使用大约15μm至50μm的中间层、优选大约30μm的PVOH或“G聚合物”的中间子层。借此，薄膜能够达到直至0.4cm3,m2×d×bar的氧气阻隔效果。
多层方法也能够用于胶囊壁材料。对此，在对流方法中制造咖啡胶囊，其中阻隔层由PVOH或G聚合物构成。借此，同样能够实现高的氧气阻隔值。这是本发明的一个优选的实施变型形式。
用于实现所述目的的另一变型形式由多层薄膜构成，其中所述多层薄膜由一子层或两子层的过滤纸(原则上这是也用于滤茶器的纸)和由塑料薄膜构成的子层(层)组成。由过滤纸构成的层和例如由S2PC-PBS、PBS、PBS/PBSA、PLA、PHA等构成的塑料薄膜通过胶合工艺彼此连接，例如层压。
作为塑料薄膜根据本发明尤其也考虑由PBS/PBSA构成的混合物。
纸子层的优点在于，其天然是多孔的，塑料薄膜的优点在于，其是气体不可穿透的。那么在如下情况下是足够的，即塑料薄膜由可家庭堆肥的塑料、例如S2PC-PBS、PBS PLA等构成。
过滤纸子层替选地也能够通过子层/层，例如由可堆肥的原料、尤其可家庭堆肥的原料、例如S2PC-PBS、PBS、PBSA、PBS/PBSA混合物、PLA、PHA或其混合物构成的塑料纤维制成的无纺布层形成。
多层复合物的上述薄膜子层在此能够全部构成为，使得薄膜具有优选小于0.2mm的总厚度。
附图说明
在图1中示出用于所述薄膜的以绘图示出的实例。
具体实施方式
在此清楚可见的是，密封薄膜由第一层、第二层和第三层(可选的)构成，即由多孔的过滤纸构成的、厚度为大约40μm至100μm的第一层。
连接于其的是气体不可穿透的薄膜，所述气体不可穿透的薄膜具有处于10μm和30μm之间的范围内、优选处于13μm至25μm的范围内、特别优选为14μm至19μm的厚度。
再连接于其的是厚度为大约30μm至100μm的多孔过滤纸。
由所述三个层构成的所述薄膜在胶囊壁的法兰状的边缘上粘贴、层压、焊接等。胶囊壁在此形成胶囊的侧壁。
替代薄膜的示出的三层的构成方案，两层的构成方案也是可行的，其中那么省去由多孔过滤纸构成的外层或由多孔过滤纸构成的内层。始终需要气体不可穿透的薄膜，以便提供足够的氧气阻隔效果。
尤其薄的或尤其多孔的过滤纸有助于密封，而无需纸中的附加的塑料纤维。
单位面积重量低于12g/m3并且厚度为大约40μm的纸是尤其薄的。将尤其多孔理解成空气可穿透性大于1500l/m2*s的纸。
因此，本发明的目的也在于，借助密封薄膜和对应的饮料胶囊材料不仅提供可家庭堆肥的解决方案，而且还提供如下解决方案，其中仅通过胶囊和其由薄膜本身的覆盖提供足够的氧气阻隔。
在例如密封薄膜仅由纸构成的已知的解决方案中，为了构成足够的氧气阻隔必须将整个的被填充的饮料胶囊安置在附加的阻隔包装中，其中所述阻隔包装通常由PE、铝或PE-EVOH-PE等构成，或者包含PE、铝或PE-EVOH-PE等。在使用饮料胶囊前，那么将胶囊从阻隔包装中取出，但是这又产生呈阻隔包装的形式的附加的垃圾，并且所述阻隔包装刚好是不可家庭堆肥的，而是必须经由常见的塑料或垃圾清除途径处理的。
为了避免这种类型的垃圾，因此也通常将多个胶囊、例如10个胶囊打包在共同的外包装中。然而如果撕开所述包装以取出第一个胶囊，那么对于其他产品而言可保存性已经开始降低，因为进入到外包装中的空气也使饮料胶囊填充的内容降级和老化。
如果将纯纸薄膜作为密封薄膜提供，那么胶囊的内容物、即例如一天的咖啡会变坏或味道降级，使得不再是吸引人的产品。
也可行的是，仅将塑料薄膜用作为用于饮料胶囊的盖。然而，如提及的那样，这通常对于在需要时撕裂是过于柔软的。甚至在正确时刻撕裂的脆性的薄膜由于处于压力下的热水和薄膜材料的伴随于此的软化、自动萃取机的出流筛的孔而随后堵塞。
也可行的是，替代醋酸纤维素使用再生纤维素，或者使用由醋酸纤维素和再生纤维素构成的混合物。作为再生纤维素可以使用所有已知的再生纤维素物质/材料，优选粘胶纤维(人造毛)和/或水化纤维素(玻璃纸)。
在图中示出的实例中，气体不可穿透的薄膜优选地由醋酸纤维素构成或者包含醋酸纤维素。这种厚度为10μm至50μm的醋酸纤维素薄膜确保直至1cm3/m2×24小时的出色的氧气阻隔和直至20g/m2×24小时的水蒸气阻隔。这通过如下方式确保，即将醋酸纤维素膜用聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)覆层。如果所述覆层的薄膜用作为用于食品容器的密封薄膜，那么这然而在同奈斯派索(Nespresso)兼容的饮料胶囊上使用时在煮沸过程中引起机器的堵塞。为了防止这种情况，应降低在煮沸期间作用于薄膜的压力。但是这不会引起，压力大程度地降低，使得不再实现令人满意的煮沸结果。因为在密封薄膜中必须始终存在足够的水压，以便确保薄膜的通过所述压力造成的撕裂从而释放饮料。根据本发明的目的例如也借助纸(过滤纸)来实现，其中对于下面的纸层具有大于1600l/m2的孔隙度。
作为用于所述目的的减压器发现，适用克重为10g/m2至30g/m2的富含纤维素的纸。所述纸的孔隙度根据EN ISO 9237在大致80l/m2s和1600l/m2s之间变化。
密封薄膜的迄今作为多层、例如也作为两层描述的构造可能具有如下缺点，在撕裂纸和薄膜时，饮料粉末、例如咖啡粉末不会逸出，并且随着到达杯中。为了防止这种情况，引入第三层，所述第三层同样由之前已经描述的纸构成并且所述第三层能够施加在薄膜的还露出的一侧上。借此，能够防止在煮沸过程期间咖啡从胶囊中逸出从而自动胶囊机伴随于此堵塞的问题。
为了能够将2层或3层薄膜引入到胶囊灌装设施中，薄膜层必须彼此永久连接。对此，将三个单独的组分薄膜、即纸-醋酸纤维膜(-纸)在胶合设施上经由各种辊聚集在一起并且在120摄氏度至200摄氏度下彼此连接，例如粘接。
作为粘胶在此使用已经处于醋酸纤维素膜上的PVdC(聚偏二氯乙烯)，这样彼此胶合的完成的密封薄膜随后能够剪切成任意宽度并且运送和施用到被填充的胶囊上。
如所描述的那样，薄膜具有如下任务，将食品容器，例如饮料胶囊/咖啡胶囊等封闭，更确切地说以氧气密封和水分密封的方式封闭，借此包含在其中的食品，即饮料粉末、咖啡粉末等长时间地保持新鲜。这尤其在咖啡的情况下是特殊的挑战，因为咖啡对于少量氧气已经产生味道改变/降级的反应。因为在胶囊中的贮存时长可以是一年或更久，那么在制造胶囊时，使用日期是不可确定的。因此，胶囊和薄膜必须在非常长的时间段内将氧气保持远离胶囊内部从而还有在那里存在的饮料粉末、咖啡等，这种情况最好凭借薄膜的并且当然胶囊的尽可能少的透氧率实现。
此外，薄膜应确保用于不同食品的最优的煮沸结果。因此，例如对于咖啡Lungo(110ml咖啡)而言，例如需要的是，咖啡、胶囊和薄膜的协作引起大约40秒的煮沸时长。如果该值明显低于此，那么咖啡明显萃取不足并且味道淡(含水多)并且示出具有少量颜色和体积的仅微弱的油脂(Crema)。如果所述值明显高于此，那么咖啡萃取过度并且味道不舒适地强烈(类似于罗布斯塔)并且油脂颜色非常深。但是因为存在非常不同的味道、咖啡种类和准备类型，借助唯一的薄膜不能够满足对优质咖啡的需求，因此本发明的目的是，示出多层薄膜的组合，所述多层薄膜根据咖啡(种类、烘焙度、研磨度、机器的生产时间等)提供令人满意的结果。
同时，根据本发明薄膜应是可堆肥的，这如所描述的那样借助醋酸纤维素和纸得出。
如详述的那样，至少一个由过滤纸构成的层和水不可穿透的薄膜通过胶合工艺彼此连接。
为了改进所述布置的密封能力，在胶合工艺中也将塑料粉末撒到到纸层和薄膜之间，使得所述塑料粉末在胶合工艺之后位于纸层和塑料薄膜之间。在此使用的塑料粉末优选地由可堆肥的、尤其优选可家庭堆肥的材料，例如S2PC、PBS、PBSA、PBS/PBSA、PLA、PHA等构成。
粉末在此优选地具有在50μm至500μm的范围内、尤其优选为200μm至400μm的粒度。
只要在本申请中提到可家庭堆肥性的特征，那么将其理解成，满足对此对应的标准，即：EN13432。可家庭堆肥性与可工业堆肥性不同。
后者的前提条件是，为了堆肥将要堆肥的材料在车间中、在容器中经受人工环境从而实现可堆肥性。而可家庭堆肥性理解成如在堆肥堆中、例如在花园中进行的堆肥。

Claims (8)

1.一种多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜，适合作为食品包装，尤其作为用于食品容器、饮料胶囊、咖啡胶囊等的包装，
其特征在于，
所述薄膜至少由一个第一层和一个第二层构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述薄膜至少由一个第一层、一个第二层和一个第三层或薄膜子层构成。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述第一层由纸、优选过滤纸构成，并且至少所述第二层由气体不可穿透的薄膜构成。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述气体不可穿透的薄膜包含醋酸纤维素和/或再生纤维素，或者由其构成。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述气体不可穿透的薄膜由醋酸纤维素和/或再生纤维素构成和/或包含其并且构成层，所述层在一侧上和/或在两侧上由聚偏二氯乙烯等覆层。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
气体不可穿透的薄膜由气密塑料构成或者包含所述气密塑料。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述薄膜的层中的至少一个层是塑料，所述塑料是生物可降解的和可家庭堆肥的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的薄膜，
其特征在于，
所述第一层和/或第三层通过塑料无纺布形成并且由下述材料中的一种或其混合物构成：
-PBS/PBSA，
-PLA，
-PHA，
-S2PC-PBS，
-S2PC-PBSA，
-S2PC PBS/PBSA。
CN201980042836.9A 2018-06-25 2019-06-25 多层薄膜，尤其密封薄膜 Pending CN112351944A (zh)

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