CN112349436B - Liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core - Google Patents

Liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112349436B
CN112349436B CN202011233916.3A CN202011233916A CN112349436B CN 112349436 B CN112349436 B CN 112349436B CN 202011233916 A CN202011233916 A CN 202011233916A CN 112349436 B CN112349436 B CN 112349436B
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reactor core
fuel
liquid metal
liquid
molten salt
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CN112349436A (en
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王成龙
吴迪
桂民洋
张大林
田文喜
秋穗正
苏光辉
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
    • G21C3/44—Fluid or fluent reactor fuel
    • G21C3/54—Fused salt, oxide or hydroxide compositions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/24—Fuel elements with fissile or breeder material in fluid form within a non-active casing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • G21C5/06—Means for locating or supporting fuel elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core, which comprises a fission region, a reactor core barrel, a reflecting layer, a return pipeline, a distribution region and a reactor pressure vessel, wherein the fission region is arranged on the reactor core barrel; wherein, the fission region is positioned in the core barrel and consists of a plurality of fuel pipelines; the fuel pipelines are arranged in a hexagonal mode, liquid nuclear fuel flows from bottom to top in the pipelines, and coolant flows upwards outside the pipelines; the nuclear fuel is liquid molten salt, and the coolant is liquid metal; the fuel pipeline is positioned by an upper grid plate, a lower grid plate and a winding wire wound outside the upper grid plate and the lower grid plate; the liquid metal reflecting layer wraps the outer side of the reactor core cylinder and is as high as the reactor core cylinder; the return pipeline is arranged in the reflecting layer, and the liquid fuel flowing through the interior of the fuel pipeline flows from top to bottom to realize the circulation of the fuel in the reactor core; the distribution area is positioned at the inlet of the reactor core and is used for distributing the flow of the coolant and the material of the reflecting layer; the reactor core has high energy density, good safety performance and simple structure.

Description

Liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core.
Background
The molten salt reactor is the only reactor using liquid nuclear fuel in the fourth-generation nuclear reactor, has high safety performance, good economy, strong nuclear non-diffusion capability, excellent nuclear waste transmutation and fuel proliferation characteristics, and has obvious advantages compared with other reactor types. At present, domestic molten salt reactors mainly have two forms, namely a liquid fuel molten salt reactor and a pebble bed type solid fuel molten salt reactor. The liquid metal reactor is also used as one of the four-generation reactors, the liquid metal reactor is cooled by liquid metal, the lead alloy has stable chemical properties, strong natural circulation capability and high boiling point, the elastic scattering cross section of the lead-bismuth neutron is larger, and the average free path of the neutron is shorter, so the leakage rate of the neutron is lower, and the reflection effect is good; meanwhile, the neutron energy spectrum is also harder, and the fuel multiplication ratio is high, so that the neutron economy is higher.
The invention aims to combine the advantages of two types of advanced nuclear reactors of four generations, and develops a nuclear reactor core with simple structure, high energy density and good safety performance, namely the liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core which is simple in structure, good in safety performance and high in energy density.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a molten salt reactor core with liquid metal cooling and wire winding positioning functions comprises a reactor core fission region 13, a reactor core barrel 5 wrapping the periphery of the reactor core fission region 13, a reflecting layer 6 wrapping the outer side of the reactor core barrel 5, a reactor pressure vessel 9 wrapping the outer side of the reflecting layer 6 and a distribution region 10 positioned at an inlet of the reactor core; the reactor core fission region 13 is composed of a plurality of fuel pipelines 2, the fuel pipelines 2 are arranged in a hexagonal mode, liquid nuclear fuel 1 flows from bottom to top in the fuel pipelines 2, a coolant 4 also flows from bottom to top outside the fuel pipelines 2, the liquid nuclear fuel 1 is liquid molten salt fuel, and the coolant 4 is liquid metal; the upper end and the lower end of the fuel pipeline 2 are respectively axially and radially positioned by an upper grid plate 12, a lower grid plate 11 and a positioning winding wire 3 wound outside the fuel pipeline 2; the material of the reflecting layer 6 is liquid metal, the return pipeline 8 is arranged in the reflecting layer 6, and the liquid nuclear fuel flowing through the inside of the fuel pipeline 2 flows from top to bottom through the inside of the return pipeline 8, so that the circulating flow of the fuel is realized; the distribution area 10 is located at the core inlet for flow distribution of coolant and reflector material.
The liquid metal is lead or lead-bismuth alloy, flows from the lower part of the reactor core to the upper part of the reactor core, and is used as a heat carrier to take away heat generated by fission of the liquid nuclear fuel 1.
The liquid molten salt fuel is UCl3And PuCl3A mixture of (a).
The positioning winding wire 3 of the fuel pipeline 2 is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
The distribution area 10 is a flow distribution orifice.
The fuel pipeline 2, the reactor core cylinder 5, the return pipeline 8 and the reactor pressure vessel 9 are all made of SiC materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the molten salt fuel flows in the fuel pipeline, so that the reactor core structure is simplified, and the safety problem caused by the conventional solid fuel accident condition is avoided.
2) The reactor core coolant adopts liquid metal (lead/lead bismuth) and is arranged in a separated loop, so that the energy density of the reactor can be increased, and the power of the reactor can be improved.
3) The reflecting layer material in the invention is liquid metal lead/lead bismuth, which can reduce the fuel volume, thereby reducing the weight of the reactor.
4) The fuel pipeline is wound with the winding wire, so that the stirring and mixing among the coolants can be increased while the positioning effect is achieved, the heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat exchange efficiency is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a molten salt reactor core with liquid metal cooling wire windings positioned according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a molten salt reactor core positioned by liquid metal cooling wire winding according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fuel channel.
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a fuel channel.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the molten salt reactor core positioned by liquid metal cooling wire winding of the invention comprises a core fission region 13, a core barrel 5 covering the periphery of the core fission region of the core, a reflecting layer 6 covering the outer side of the core barrel 5, a reactor pressure vessel 9 covering the reflecting layer 6 and a distribution region 10 positioned at the inlet of the core; the reactor core fission zone 13 is composed of a plurality of fuel pipelines 2, the fuel pipelines 2 are arranged in a hexagonal mode, and the liquid nuclear fuel 1 and the liquid metal coolant 4 respectively flow from bottom to top inside and outside the fuel pipelines 2.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the upper and lower ends of the fuel pipe 2 are positioned by the upper and lower grid plates 12 and 11, respectively, and the positioning wire 3 wound around the outside thereof.
The material of the reflecting layer 6 is the same as that of the coolant 4, and both the reflecting layer and the coolant are liquid metal; the return pipe 8 is positioned in the reflecting layer 6, and the liquid molten salt fuel flowing through the inside of the fuel pipe 2 flows from top to bottom through the inside of the return pipe 8, so that the circulating flow of the reactor core fuel is realized; the distribution region 10 is located at the core inlet for flow distribution of the core coolant and the reflector material.
The coolant in the reactor core fission region 13 is liquid metal (lead or lead-bismuth alloy), flows from the lower part of the reactor core to the upper part of the reactor core, and is used as a heat carrier to carry away the energy generated by the fission of the liquid nuclear fuel 1 in the fuel pipeline 2.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of fuel lines 2 and return lines 8 is determined according to the reactor power requirements.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid molten salt fuel in the fuel pipeline 2 is UCl3And PuCl3A mixture of (a).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the positioning winding 3 of the fuel pipe 2 is tungsten-rhenium alloy.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid metal of the material of the reflective layer 6 is lead or a lead bismuth alloy.
To better illustrate the design, the working principle is now described:
the liquid molten salt fuel and the liquid metal coolant respectively flow through the reactor core fission region from the inner side and the outer side of the fuel pipeline, the liquid metal coolant flows out from the reactor core outlet, and the liquid fuel returns to the reactor core inlet again through the return pipeline in the emission layer, so that the circular flow of the reactor core fuel is realized; meanwhile, a part of liquid metal after flow distribution in the distribution area serves as a reflecting layer on the periphery of the reactor core barrel.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a liquid metal cooling wire winding location fused salt reactor core which characterized in that: the reactor comprises a reactor core fission region (13), a reactor core barrel (5) coated on the periphery of the reactor core fission region (13), a reflecting layer (6) coated on the outer side of the reactor core barrel (5), a reactor pressure vessel (9) coated outside the reflecting layer (6) and a distribution region (10) positioned at an inlet of the reactor core; the reactor core fission region (13) consists of a plurality of fuel pipelines (2), the fuel pipelines (2) are arranged in a hexagonal mode, liquid nuclear fuel (1) flows from bottom to top in the fuel pipelines (2), a coolant (4) also flows from bottom to top outside the fuel pipelines (2), the liquid nuclear fuel (1) is liquid molten salt fuel, and the coolant (4) is liquid metal; the upper end and the lower end of the fuel pipeline (2) are respectively axially and radially positioned by an upper grid plate (12), a lower grid plate (11) and a positioning winding wire (3) wound outside the fuel pipeline (2); the material of the reflecting layer (6) is liquid metal, the return pipeline (8) is arranged in the reflecting layer (6), and the liquid nuclear fuel flowing through the inside of the fuel pipeline (2) flows from top to bottom through the inside of the return pipeline (8) to realize the circular flow of the fuel; the distribution area (10) is located at the core inlet for flow distribution of coolant and reflector material.
2. The liquid metal cooling wire-wound positioning molten salt reactor core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid metal is lead or lead-bismuth alloy, flows from the lower part of the reactor core to the upper part of the reactor core, and is used as a heat carrier to take away heat generated by fission of the liquid nuclear fuel (1).
3. The liquid metal cooling wire-wound positioning molten salt reactor core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid molten salt fuel is UCl3And PuCl3A mixture of (a).
4. The liquid metal cooling wire-wound positioning molten salt reactor core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positioning winding wire (3) of the fuel pipeline (2) is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
5. The liquid metal cooling wire-wound positioning molten salt reactor core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distribution area (10) is a flow distribution orifice plate.
6. The liquid metal cooling wire-wound positioning molten salt reactor core as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fuel pipeline (2), the reactor core cylinder (5), the return pipeline (8) and the reactor pressure vessel (9) are all made of SiC materials.
CN202011233916.3A 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 Liquid metal cooling wire winding positioning molten salt reactor core Active CN112349436B (en)

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CN113299409A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-24 西安交通大学 Small-size villaumite of spiral cross fuel element cools off high temperature reactor core
CN113658722B (en) * 2021-07-01 2024-02-06 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 Molten salt reactor core structure

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