CN215265592U - Compact-structure high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor - Google Patents
Compact-structure high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN215265592U CN215265592U CN202120710232.1U CN202120710232U CN215265592U CN 215265592 U CN215265592 U CN 215265592U CN 202120710232 U CN202120710232 U CN 202120710232U CN 215265592 U CN215265592 U CN 215265592U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The utility model discloses a compact structure's small-size multipurpose lead cold fast reactor of high flux, including outer containment and interior containment, the cavity that constitutes is enclosed with interior containment to outer containment, the middle part cavity of interior containment is in order to form the flux trap, be provided with by interior fuel district and the outer fuel district that distributes in proper order outside to inside in the cavity, all be provided with fuel assembly in interior fuel district and the outer fuel district, the activity is provided with the safety plate between interior fuel district and the interior containment, the activity is provided with a plurality of regulating plates between outer containment and the outer fuel district, each regulating plate is circumference arrangement and can independent activity along outer fuel district, safety plate and regulating plate are used for inserting or extracting along the axial of lead cold fast reactor, interior fuel district and outer fuel district all communicate with the cavity, the cavity is used for filling the coolant lead, the periphery side of outer containment has set gradually reflector layer and shielding layer. The lead-cooled fast reactor is beneficial to realizing miniaturization development, and has high safety performance and wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a nuclear engineering and nuclear technical field, in particular to compact structure's small-size multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of high flux.
Background
The lead-cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid lead or lead-bismuth alloy, can well meet the target requirements of safety, economy, continuity and nuclear non-diffusion of a fourth-generation reactor, and is the most developed reactor type of six main reactor types of the fourth-generation reactor.
The development direction of the lead-based fast reactor is mainly miniaturization, because the small reactor has the characteristics of small size, convenience, wide application and the like. The lead or lead bismuth and other coolants have good physical parameters, have the characteristics of high boiling point, high thermal conductivity, good thermal expansibility and the like, have good heat transfer performance, avoid the exposure of a reactor core caused by the boiling of the coolant, and prevent the occurrence of molten pile story; compared with other coolants, the lead or the lead bismuth is inactive in chemical property and is not easy to generate chemical reaction on other materials in the reactor core; the lead-cold fast reactor has strong natural circulation capability, so that the lead-cold fast reactor has good passive safety. These characteristics make lead-cooled fast reactors extremely promising, especially with unique advantages in the development of small modular reactors.
Most of the existing fuel assembly designs of the lead-cooled fast reactor adopt a form that a plurality of fuel rods are packaged into one fuel assembly, the structure is generally complex, and the miniaturization development of the lead-cooled fast reactor is not facilitated.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the utility model provides a compact structure high flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that: a high flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor with compact structure comprises an outer containment and an inner containment, the outer containment vessel and the inner containment vessel surround a formed cavity, the middle part of the inner containment vessel is hollow to form a flux trap, an inner fuel area and an outer fuel area which are distributed from inside to outside in sequence are arranged in the cavity, fuel assemblies are arranged in the inner fuel area and the outer fuel area, a safety plate is movably arranged between the inner fuel area and the inner containment, a plurality of adjusting plates are movably arranged between the outer containment and the outer fuel area, the adjusting plates are circumferentially arranged along the outer fuel area and can independently move, the safety plate and the adjusting plate are used for being inserted or pulled out along the axial direction of the lead-cooled fast reactor, the inner fuel area and the outer fuel area are both communicated with the cavity, the cavity is used for filling coolant lead, and a reflecting layer and a shielding layer are sequentially arranged on the outer periphery side of the outer containment.
The method has the following beneficial effects: the plate type fuel assembly commonly used in research reactors is applied to the lead-cooled fast reactor, so that the overall heat transfer performance of the reactor is greatly enhanced, and the miniaturization development of the lead-cooled fast reactor is facilitated; the double control system of the internal control panel and the external control panel is adopted, so that the safety performance of the reactor is guaranteed; an irradiation channel is provided for the lead-cooled fast reactor, the application of the reactor is increased, and additional economic benefits can be brought.
Further, the enrichment of the fuel uranium 235 in the inner fuel zone and the outer fuel zone is set to be different.
Furthermore, the inner fuel area is provided with 4 inner fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies in the inner fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 90 degrees; the outer fuel area is set into 8 outer fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies positioned in the outer fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 45 degrees; and cooling channels are formed among the arc-shaped plates, and the number of the adjusting plates is 8.
Furthermore, 8 guide rails are arranged on the inner side of the outer containment, guide grooves are formed in two sides of each guide rail, and the adjusting plate is arranged on the guide rails in a sliding mode.
Further, a sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the inner containment vessel, the sleeve is hollow, and the safety plate moves back and forth along the hollow part of the sleeve.
Further, the arc-shaped plate comprises a fuel cladding, the middle of the interior of the fuel cladding is filled with fuel pellets, and the two ends of each fuel pellet are sequentially and symmetrically provided with a fission air cavity and a reflection part along the axial direction.
Further, the safety plate and the adjusting plate both comprise a control plate cladding, the middle of the interior of the control plate cladding is filled with absorbing material boron carbide, and the two ends of the control plate cladding are filled with metal material tungsten.
Furthermore, a positioning grid is arranged in the chamber, the positioning grid is fixedly installed on the inner side of the outer containment vessel and the outer side of the inner containment vessel, the positioning grid comprises side plates used for separating fuel areas, and two side portions of the arc-shaped plate are fixedly connected to the side plates.
Further, both sides of the arc-shaped plate are provided with non-fuel sections, and the arc-shaped plate is connected to the side plate through the non-fuel sections.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of a compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a fuel assembly in an inner fuel zone of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a fuel assembly in an outer fuel zone of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of an arcuate plate in an inner fuel zone in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of an arcuate plate in the outer fuel zone of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of an arcuate plate in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of an adjustment plate and a safety plate in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of an adjusting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a safety plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-shielding layer, 2-reflecting layer, 3-outer containment, 4-regulating plate, 5-chamber, 6-annular fuel area, 7-safety plate, 8-inner containment, 9-flux trap, 10-inner fuel area, 11-spacer grid, 12-outer fuel area, 13-arc plate, 14-side plate, 15-cooling channel, 16-fuel cladding, 17-fuel pellet, 18-air cavity, 19-reflecting part, 20-boron carbide, 21-tungsten, 22-control plate cladding, 23-guide rail and 24-sleeve.
Detailed Description
This section will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the attached drawings, which are used to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with figures, so that one can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the whole technical solution of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated with respect to the orientation description, such as up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a plurality of means are one or more, a plurality of means are two or more, and the terms greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the number, and the terms greater than, less than, within, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless there is an explicit limitation, the words such as setting, installation, connection, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in combination with the specific contents of the technical solution.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the embodiment of the present invention provides a compact high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor. Since there are many types of existing fuel assemblies, in research stacks, plate-type fuel assemblies are often used as fuel assemblies, and the plate-type fuel assemblies are fixed on two side plates 14 to form a fuel assembly, and the fuel assembly has a shape of a circular ring, a sector, a regular polygon, or the like. The plate type fuel assembly has good heat transfer performance due to the sufficient contact area between the plate type fuel plate and the coolant, and the reactor core has the characteristics of small volume, high neutron flux and high power density. At present, the development direction of the lead-cooled fast reactor is mainly miniaturization, and the core of the plate type fuel assembly just meets the requirement of miniaturization.
Specifically, the compact-structure high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor comprises an outer containment vessel 3 and an inner containment vessel 8, wherein the outer containment vessel 3 and the inner containment vessel 8 surround a cavity 5, the middle part of the inner containment vessel 8 is hollow to form a flux trap 9, an inner fuel area 10 and an outer fuel area 12 are arranged in the cavity 5 and sequentially distributed from inside to outside, fuel assemblies are arranged in the inner fuel area 10 and the outer fuel area 12, a safety plate 7 is movably arranged between the inner fuel area 10 and the inner containment vessel 8, a plurality of adjusting plates 4 are movably arranged between the outer containment vessel 3 and the outer fuel area 12, the adjusting plates 4 are circumferentially arranged along the outer fuel area 12 and can independently move, the safety plate 7 and the adjusting plates 4 are used for being inserted or pulled out along the axial direction of the lead-cooled fast reactor, and the inner fuel area 10 and the outer fuel area 12 are both communicated with the cavity 5, the cavity 5 is used for filling coolant lead, and the outer periphery side of the outer containment 3 is sequentially provided with a reflecting layer 2 and a shielding layer 1.
Preferably, the enrichment of the fuel uranium 235 in the inner fuel zone 10 and the outer fuel zone 12 is set to be different.
Preferably, the inner fuel area 10 is provided with 4 inner fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies in the inner fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates 13 which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 90 degrees; the outer fuel area 12 is set into 8 outer fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies in the outer fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates 13 which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 45 degrees; cooling channels 15 are formed between the arc-shaped plates 13, and the number of the adjusting plates 4 is 8.
Preferably, 8 guide rails 23 are arranged on the inner side of the outer containment vessel 3, guide grooves are formed on two sides of each guide rail 23, and the adjusting plate 4 is slidably arranged on the guide rails 23.
Preferably, a sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the inner containment vessel 8, the sleeve is hollow, and the safety plate 7 moves back and forth along the hollow part of the sleeve.
Preferably, the arc plate 13 comprises a fuel cladding 16, the fuel cladding 16 is internally filled with fuel pellets 17, and the two ends of the fuel pellets 17 are axially and symmetrically provided with a fission air cavity 18 and a reflector 19 in sequence.
Preferably, the safety plate 7 and the adjusting plate 4 each include a control plate enclosure 22, and the control plate enclosure 22 is filled with an absorbing material, namely boron carbide 20, at the middle inside and filled with a metal material, namely tungsten 21, at both ends.
Preferably, a spacer grid 11 is arranged in the chamber 5, the spacer grid 11 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the outer containment vessel 3 and the outer side of the inner containment vessel 8, the spacer grid 11 comprises a side plate 14 for separating the annular fuel area 6, and two side parts of the arc-shaped plate 13 are fixedly connected to the side plate 14. The two side plates 14 in the inner fuel zone 10 are arranged at 90 deg. and the two side plates 14 in the outer fuel zone 12 are arranged at 45 deg..
Preferably, both side portions of the arc plate 13 are provided with non-fuel sections, and the arc plate 13 is connected to the side plate 14 through the non-fuel sections.
Since the lead coolant has a corrosive effect on the cladding, especially when the coolant flow rate is high, an anti-corrosion coating may be added to the surface of the cladding. In some embodiments, the enclosure materials of the arc plate 13, the regulating plate 4 and the safety plate 7 are all made of T91 stainless steel.
Meanwhile, in some embodiments, the material of the reflecting layer 2 adopts a mixture of T91 steel and lead in a certain proportion; the shielding layer 1 is made of a mixture of boron carbide 20 and lead in a certain proportion.
In the embodiment, the whole structure of the high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor is cylindrical, is completely symmetrical in the radial direction, and generally comprises a middle irradiation region, an annular fuel region, a reflecting layer region and a shielding layer region. The middle irradiation area is a cylindrical flux trap 9, the annular fuel area 6 is divided into an inner fuel area 10 and an outer fuel area 12, 12 fuel assemblies are arranged in total, and fuels with different enrichment degrees are adopted in different fuel areas. 4 fuel assemblies are arranged in the inner fuel area 10, each fuel assembly is an 1/4 cylindrical ring, and each fuel assembly consists of an arc-shaped plate 13 with the angle of 90 degrees; the outer fuel area 12 is provided with 8 fuel assemblies, each fuel assembly is an 1/8 cylindrical ring, each fuel assembly consists of an arc plate 13 with the angle of 45 degrees, the middle of the arc plate 13 is provided with a fuel pellet 17, and the two ends of the arc plate are symmetrically provided with a fission air cavity 18 and a reflecting part 19. The curved plates 13 are fixed to the spacer grid 11, and the gaps between the curved plates 13 are cooling channels 15.
The safety plate 7 is a hollow cylinder, and a sleeve is arranged outside the inner safety shell 8 to guide the safety plate 7 to be rapidly inserted into the core in emergency shutdown. The safety plate 7 is in the extracted state in normal operation, and the space is filled with coolant. The adjusting plate 4 is correspondingly arranged in an arc shape and can move up and down independently, the space left after moving is filled with coolant, eight vertical guide grooves are uniformly arranged on the inner wall side of the outer containment vessel 3 along the circumferential direction to allow the adjusting plate 4 to move up and down, and the gap between the adjusting plate 4 and the outer containment vessel 3 is filled with coolant.
The utility model provides a lead-cooled fast reactor core structure with good safety performance, compact structure and multiple purposes. Firstly, in the aspect of safety performance, the utility model adopts a double-control system, one is an adjusting plate 4 for adjusting the reactivity, and the reactivity of the reactor can be adjusted by changing the insertion depth of the adjusting plate 4; the other is a safety plate 7 for emergency shutdown, when an emergency occurs, the safety plate 7 can be quickly inserted into a reactor core to stop the reactor, and the two systems can independently regulate and shut down the reactor, so that the safety of the reactor is ensured. Secondly, the utility model discloses a fuel subregion sets up, and the enrichment degree of the fuel uranium 235 of interior outer district is different, and this flattening that is favorable to reactor internal power is flat. The fuel assembly adopts the plate fuel assembly, the plate fuel has better heat transfer capability and radiation swelling resistance compared with rod fuel, and the heat transfer capability of the coolant lead is better than that of water, so that the heat transfer capability of the reactor is greatly increased, and the reactor core of the reactor can be made smaller and more compact. Finally, the utility model discloses a flux trap 9 in the middle of the reactor core is a high neutron flux region, can provide the irradiation passageway for the irradiation test. Since the nuclear reaction rate of the target placed in the irradiation channel is proportional to the number of neutrons absorbed in unit time, the higher the neutron flux of the reactor, the better the neutron flux, and the high neutron flux provided by the intermediate flux trap 9, which is set as the irradiation channel, is fully utilized to complete an experiment in a short time.
Therefore, the utility model discloses not only can regard as power reactor output heat energy, can also regard as research pile to carry out fuel element irradiation test, material irradiation test, monocrystalline silicon neutron transmutation doping research and preparation etc.. The lead-cooled fast reactor with the structure has good safety performance, compact structure and wide application field, in particular to the future advanced industrial field.
In some embodiments, since the density of the coolant lead is high, the buoyancy generated to the safety plate 7 or the adjusting plate 4 when it is inserted into the core is also high, and thus the load-bearing material tungsten 21 is added to the upper and lower portions of the safety plate 7 or the adjusting plate 4.
The utility model has the advantages that: the plate type fuel assembly commonly used in research reactors is applied to the lead-cooled fast reactor, so that the overall heat transfer performance of the reactor is greatly enhanced, and the miniaturization development of the lead-cooled fast reactor is facilitated; the double control system of the internal control panel and the external control panel is adopted, so that the safety performance of the reactor is guaranteed; an irradiation channel is provided for the lead-cooled fast reactor, the application of the reactor is increased, and additional economic benefits can be brought.
Use and be applied to advanced industry nuclear reactor core design as an example, the utility model provides a pair of compact structure's small-size multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of high flux can provide the required heat energy of production on the one hand, satisfies the power demand, and on the other hand can utilize the irradiation passageway to carry out research such as material test, can bring extra income.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor with a compact structure is characterized by comprising an outer containment and an inner containment, wherein the outer containment and the inner containment are surrounded to form a cavity, the middle of the inner containment is hollow to form a flux trap, an inner fuel area and an outer fuel area which are sequentially distributed from inside to outside are arranged in the cavity, fuel assemblies are arranged in the inner fuel area and the outer fuel area, a safety plate is movably arranged between the inner fuel area and the inner containment, a plurality of adjusting plates are movably arranged between the outer containment and the outer fuel area, the adjusting plates are circumferentially arranged along the outer fuel area and can independently move, the safety plate and the adjusting plates are used for being inserted or pulled out along the axial direction of the lead-cooled fast reactor, the inner fuel area and the outer fuel area are communicated with the cavity, and the cavity is used for filling coolant lead, and the outer peripheral side of the outer containment is sequentially provided with a reflecting layer and a shielding layer.
2. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the enrichment of the fuel uranium 235 in the inner fuel zone and the outer fuel zone is set to be different.
3. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner fuel area is set into 4 inner fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies in the inner fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 90 degrees; the outer fuel area is set into 8 outer fuel area units, and the fuel assemblies positioned in the outer fuel area units are a plurality of arc-shaped plates which are arranged at intervals from inside to outside and have an angle of 45 degrees; and cooling channels are formed among the arc-shaped plates, and the number of the adjusting plates is 8.
4. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of claim 3, wherein: the inner side of the outer containment is provided with 8 guide rails, two sides of each guide rail are provided with guide grooves, and the adjusting plate is arranged on the guide rails in a sliding mode.
5. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of claim 3, wherein: the safety device comprises an inner safety shell, a safety plate and a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the inner safety shell and is hollow, and the safety plate moves back and forth along the hollow part of the sleeve.
6. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of claim 3, wherein: the arc-shaped plate comprises a fuel cladding, the middle of the interior of the fuel cladding is filled with fuel pellets, and the two ends of each fuel pellet are sequentially and symmetrically provided with a fission air cavity and a reflection part along the axial direction.
7. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of claim 3, wherein: the safety plate and the adjusting plate respectively comprise a control plate cladding, the middle of the interior of the control plate cladding is filled with absorption material boron carbide, and the two ends of the control plate cladding are filled with metal material tungsten.
8. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor of claim 3, wherein: and a positioning grid is arranged in the chamber, the positioning grid is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the outer containment and the outer side of the inner containment, the positioning grid comprises side plates for separating fuel areas, and two side parts of the arc-shaped plate are fixedly connected to the side plates.
9. The compact high-flux small multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor as claimed in claim 8, wherein: both sides portion of arc all is provided with non-fuel section, the arc is connected to on the curb plate through non-fuel section.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120710232.1U CN215265592U (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Compact-structure high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120710232.1U CN215265592U (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Compact-structure high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor |
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| CN215265592U true CN215265592U (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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| CN202120710232.1U Active CN215265592U (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Compact-structure high-flux small-sized multipurpose lead-cooled fast reactor |
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