CN112327110A - Wide-temperature-area liquid medium environment test device based on refrigerator conduction cooling - Google Patents
Wide-temperature-area liquid medium environment test device based on refrigerator conduction cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN112327110A CN112327110A CN202011117486.9A CN202011117486A CN112327110A CN 112327110 A CN112327110 A CN 112327110A CN 202011117486 A CN202011117486 A CN 202011117486A CN 112327110 A CN112327110 A CN 112327110A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 65K-77K Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011825 aerospace material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on refrigerator conduction cooling comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a large-current lead wire, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system. The invention can provide a test environment of a mixed liquid medium (liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride) in a wide temperature range of 50-120K, and perform an insulation characteristic test of the mixed liquid medium, a solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium, and an electromagnetic characteristic test of the current carrying capacity, quench recovery and the like of the superconducting strip and the superconducting coil under the condition of soaking the mixed liquid medium.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a test apparatus.
Background
The low-temperature characteristics of materials are concerned in the fields of superconduction, space technology, low-temperature refrigeration and the like, and a proper low-temperature test device needs to be designed to research the properties of the materials in a low-temperature environment. The existing low-temperature environment test device mostly adopts a vacuum environment and a refrigerating machine to provide cold energy for test materials, although wide-temperature-zone test conditions can be provided, the direct conduction cooling method has defects in the aspect of sample thermal stability, is difficult to carry out sample voltage-withstanding and other charged tests, and has the problems of difficult cooling or large temperature gradient and the like when the test sample is large in size or special in shape.
The meaning of the wide temperature zone is that the liquid temperature zone which can be conveniently realized by the medium is wider. Taking a common liquid nitrogen medium as an example, a liquid temperature region which can be conveniently realized is generally regarded as a temperature region from supercooled liquid nitrogen to saturated liquid nitrogen, namely 65K-77K, and delta T is about 12K. This temperature zone is relatively narrow. By "convenient" herein is meant that conditions are not too extreme and engineering feasible, e.g., the pressure is not too great. The liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride mixed medium is adjusted in proportion, and the liquid temperature zone which can be realized is 50K-120K, delta T is about 70K, and the temperature zone is very wide.
At present, a plurality of patents exist for low-temperature liquid environment test devices designed aiming at liquid helium, liquid neon, saturated and supercooled liquid nitrogen, samples soaked in low-temperature liquid medium have better thermal stability, the development of the tests is convenient, the tests such as insulation and pressure resistance, large current impact and the like are easy to carry out, and the cooling effect is not influenced by the size and the shape of the samples. In addition, for materials working in a liquid medium environment, the liquid medium environment can reflect actual working conditions. For example, in the process of developing a liquid medium immersion type high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment, not only the insulation characteristic of the used liquid medium and the solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic formed in the liquid medium immersion environment need to be known, but also the current carrying capacity, the quench recovery characteristic, the thermal stability and the like of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil in the liquid medium immersion environment need to be concerned, and the tests need to be carried out in a liquid medium environment test device.
The acquisition of the test data has a guiding significance for the insulation design of the liquid medium immersion type high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment and is also a key basis for the design and manufacture of superconducting components of the high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment, but the temperature regions of media such as liquid helium, liquid neon and liquid nitrogen used in the current liquid medium test environment are narrow, the research and test requirements of specific working conditions can be met, the limitation of the range of the available data is large, and various tests and characteristic researches on the high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment using a wide-temperature region mixed liquid medium such as liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride cannot be carried out in the existing device.
In order to perform an environmental test of the liquid medium in the special temperature region, chinese patent CN111123052A discloses an insulation characteristic test device based on a temperature control medium, which can perform a test of the insulation characteristic of the liquid medium in the special temperature region by adjusting the temperature of the temperature control medium through adjusting the pressure, but the device has a high requirement for manufacturing a pressure vessel. The device has advantages in the aspect of testing the insulation property of the liquid medium in a special temperature zone, but has defects in the aspects of carrying out solid-liquid composite insulation property test, electromagnetic property test of superconducting strips and superconducting coils under the condition of soaking the liquid medium, mechanical test of aerospace materials and the like.
At present, a proper wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device is not available, and a wide-temperature-zone liquid medium insulation characteristic test, a wide-temperature-zone liquid medium immersion condition solid insulation characteristic test and a superconducting device performance research are difficult to carry out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on refrigerator conduction cooling, aiming at the problems that the wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device is lacked, the wide-temperature-zone liquid medium insulation characteristic test is difficult to carry out, the solid insulation characteristic test under the condition of wide-temperature-zone liquid medium soaking and the performance research of a superconducting device are difficult to carry out at present. The invention can be used for carrying out a 50-120K wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test, a solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test in a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium soaking environment, and an electromagnetic characteristic test of a superconducting strip and a superconducting coil in a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium soaking environment, and provides a support for the research and development of mixed liquid medium soaking type high-temperature superconducting electrical equipment.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the test device of the invention comprises: the device comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a large-current lead, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a sealing plug, a test part, a refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system.
The vacuum low-temperature cavity is used for providing vacuum and low-temperature environment required by the test, and a cold guide piece, a test cavity tray and a low-temperature test cavity are arranged in the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The cold guide piece is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide piece is led out from the tail end of the cold head of the refrigerating machine, and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity. The test cavity tray is hung on an inner flange of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity; the low-temperature test cavity is arranged on the test cavity tray. The low-temperature test cavity is filled with a wide-temperature-range mixed liquid medium liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride, and the test part is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride.
The high-voltage electrode and the high-current lead are both an upper section and a lower section, the upper section high-voltage electrode and the upper section high-current lead are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity through a wall bushing, and the lower section high-voltage electrode and the lower section high-current lead are fixed on the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity through the wall bushing; the upper and lower sections of high-voltage electrodes are connected by soft copper wires, and the upper and lower sections of heavy-current leads are connected by soft copper wires. The high-voltage electrode is arranged in the center, and the two large-current leads are respectively arranged on two sides of the high-voltage electrode. When a high-voltage test is carried out, the high-voltage electrode is connected with a high-voltage generator outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity body, and high voltage is applied to the test part; when a large-current test is carried out, the large-current lead is connected with a current source outside the vacuum low-temperature cavity, and large current is introduced into the test part. The bottom of the high-voltage electrode rod is provided with a threaded hole for replacing electrode tips in different forms so as to obtain different electric field conditions of uniform degree.
The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively an upper section and a lower section and are respectively fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity in a sealing manner, and the upper section and the lower section of the air inlet pipe and the upper section and the lower section of the air outlet pipe are respectively connected by a hose for vacuum. The gas distribution system comprises a gas cylinder, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution pipe, wherein the gas distribution pipe is connected with the gas cylinder and connected with the gas buffer tank, and high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder are input into the gas buffer tank from the gas cylinder according to the proportion. One end of the air inlet pipe is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the gas buffer tank, and mixed gas at room temperature is sent into the low-temperature test cavity from the gas buffer tank. One end of the air outlet pipe is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is exposed out of the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are provided with valves which can control the on-off of the air path.
And the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity are respectively fixed with a sealing plug for leading out a lead of a sensor in the low-temperature test cavity and a grounding wire of a ground electrode.
The test parts are divided into a first ground electrode, a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil. The three test parts all comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or other common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity during testing. The top of the supporting and fixing part of the first ground electrode is provided with an insulating disc with a hole at the center, the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of the electrode rod of the high-voltage electrode, and the high-voltage electrode penetrates into the center hole of the insulating disc before the test so as to ensure that the high-voltage electrode is just opposite to the first ground electrode. The supporting and fixing member of the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material has the same structure as the supporting and fixing member of the first ground electrode. The superconducting tape or the superconducting coil is provided with coil wiring terminals on two sides of a supporting and fixing part, the coil wiring terminals are connected with a large-current lead wire during testing, the superconducting tape is wound on the supporting and fixing part, and the head and the tail of the superconducting tape are connected with the coil wiring terminals.
The cold head of the refrigerator is arranged at the edge of the outer side of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity body, and the cold head extends into the vacuum low-temperature cavity body. The tail end of the cold head leads out a cold guide piece, and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity. And a molecular pump is used for pumping air in the vacuum low-temperature cavity so as to ensure the proper vacuum degree of the vacuum low-temperature cavity. The gas buffer tank is used for containing mixed gas and is connected with the gas inlet pipe.
The testing device can be used for carrying out a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test, a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium immersion condition solid insulation material insulation characteristic test and a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium immersion condition superconducting strip and superconducting coil electromagnetic characteristic test, and the working process of the testing device is as follows:
testing the insulating property of the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature zone: the test part used was a first ground electrode. And (3) penetrating the high-voltage electrode into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of the supporting and fixing part of the ground electrode, and filling the high-voltage electrode into the low-temperature test cavity. And (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gases N2 and CF4 in the gas cylinder are measured according to the temperature required by the test: 50-120K, inputting the mixture into a gas buffer tank through a gas distribution pipe according to the corresponding mixture ratio: when the test temperature zone is 50-80K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90 percent; when the test temperature zone is 80-120K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20%. The refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide piece; introducing the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank into the low-temperature test cavity through the gas inlet pipe and condensing the mixed gas into liquid; the high-voltage electrode is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the first ground electrode grounding wire is led out from the sealing plug and grounded. During the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode, and the medium is broken down after the initial field intensity of the discharge of the mixed liquid medium is exceeded. The breakdown field strength of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in a temperature range of 50-120K can be obtained by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating machine and the mixture ratio of the mixed medium.
The insulation characteristic test of the solid insulation material under the condition of soaking by the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature zone comprises the following steps: the test part used was a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material. Penetrating a high-voltage electrode into a center hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing part of a second ground electrode coated with a solid insulating material, and filling the high-voltage electrode into a low-temperature test cavity; and (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas cylinder is input into a gas buffer tank through a gas distribution pipe according to a certain proportion; the refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide piece; introducing the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank into the low-temperature test cavity through the gas inlet pipe and condensing the mixed gas into liquid; the high-voltage electrode is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second grounding electrode coated with the solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug and grounded. During the test, the high-voltage electrode tip and the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is left between the high-voltage electrode and the second ground electrode coated with the solid insulating material, and the breakdown field strength of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material can be measured. The temperature of the refrigerator is adjusted to obtain test data such as breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material, surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material and the like at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature zone.
The electromagnetic property test of the superconducting strip and the superconducting coil under the soaking of the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature area comprises the following steps: the test parts used are superconducting tapes or superconducting coils. And connecting the coil wiring terminal of the superconducting strip or the superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece with the large-current lead wire, and loading the coil wiring terminal into the low-temperature test cavity. And (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity and the low-temperature test cavity by using a molecular pump, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas cylinder is input into the gas buffer tank through the gas distribution pipe according to a certain proportion. The refrigerator cools the low-temperature test cavity through the cold guide piece; and the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity through the gas inlet pipe and is condensed into liquid. The high-current lead is connected with a current source. During testing, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, and the large current is introduced to the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil through the coil connecting terminal by the large current lead, so that the characteristics of the superconducting tape, such as current carrying capacity, quench recovery and the like, at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature zone can be measured.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the existing direct conduction cooling low-temperature test device, the device provided by the invention has the advantages that the test sample has better thermal stability, the cooling effect is not influenced by the size and the shape of the sample, and the defects that the direct conduction cooling test device is difficult to carry out insulation voltage resistance, current impact and other electrified tests can be overcome.
(2) The device can provide a 50-120K liquid medium test environment, can acquire test data in a wider temperature zone, and makes up for the defect of narrow temperature zone of the conventional low-temperature liquid environment test device.
(3) By replacing the test parts, the invention can develop the insulation characteristic test of the mixed liquid medium, the solid-liquid composite insulation characteristic test under the liquid medium soaking condition, the electromagnetic performance test of the superconducting strip and the superconducting coil under the liquid medium soaking condition and the like, and makes up the defect that the existing device can only carry out the low-temperature liquid insulation test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage electrode and its mating electrode head according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the testing apparatus of the present invention for testing the insulation characteristics of the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the testing apparatus of the present invention for testing the insulation properties of the solid insulation material under the condition of soaking in the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the testing apparatus of the present invention for performing the electromagnetic property test of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil under the condition of the soaking of the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature range.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The test device of the invention comprises: the device comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity, a low-temperature test cavity, a high-voltage electrode, a large-current lead, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a sealing plug, a test part, a refrigerator, a gas buffer tank and a gas distribution system.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the test apparatus of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the test apparatus of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, a low-temperature test cavity 2, a high-voltage electrode 9, a large-current lead wire 10, an air inlet pipe 8-1, an air outlet pipe 8-2, a sealing plug 12, a test part 11, a refrigerator 5 and a gas distribution system. The test part 11 is divided into three types, namely a ground electrode 11-1, a ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil 11-3.
The vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 is internally provided with a cold guide part 6, a test cavity tray 3 and a low-temperature test cavity 2 and is used for providing vacuum and low-temperature environment required by the test. The cold guide piece 6 is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide piece is led out from the tail end of a cold head of the refrigerator 5, and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity 2. The test cavity tray 3 is hung on an inner flange of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1; the low-temperature test cavity 2 is arranged on the test cavity tray 3. The low-temperature test cavity 2 is filled with a wide-temperature-range mixed liquid medium liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride, and the test part 11 is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride.
The high-voltage electrode 9 and the high-current lead 10 are both an upper section and a lower section, the upper-section high-voltage electrode 9 and the upper-section high-current lead 10 are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 through a wall bushing, and the lower-section high-voltage electrode 9 and the lower-section high-current lead 10 are fixed on an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the wall bushing; the upper and lower high-voltage electrodes 9 are connected by soft copper wires, and the upper and lower large-current leads 10 are connected by soft copper wires. The high-voltage electrode 9 is arranged in the center, and the two large-current leads 10 are respectively arranged on two sides of the high-voltage electrode 9. In the high voltage test, the high voltage electrode 9 is connected to a high voltage generator, and a high voltage is applied to the test member 11. In a high current test, the high current lead 10 is connected to a current source to supply a high current to the test part 11.
The high-voltage electrode comprises electrode rod and electrode tip, and open threaded hole in electrode rod bottom for change different forms's electrode tip, in order to obtain the different electric field conditions of uniform degree. The high voltage electrode and its mating electrode tip are shown in fig. 2. Alternative electrode tip shapes include, but are not limited to, flat, pointed, and hemispherical as shown in fig. 2.
The air inlet pipe 8-1 and the air outlet pipe 8-2 are both an upper section and a lower section, and are respectively fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 in a sealing manner, and the upper section and the lower section of the air inlet pipe 8-1 and the upper section and the lower section of the air outlet pipe 8-2 are respectively connected by a vacuum hose. One end of the air inlet pipe 8-1 is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity 2, the other end of the air inlet pipe 8-1 is connected with the gas buffer tank 7, and mixed gas at room temperature is sent into the low-temperature test cavity 2 from the gas buffer tank 7. One end of the air outlet pipe 8-2 is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity 2, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 8-2 is exposed out of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1. The air inlet pipe 8-1 and the air outlet pipe 8-2 are both provided with valves 13 which can control the on-off of the air path. The gas distribution system comprises a gas distribution pipe 8-3, a gas cylinder 14 and a gas buffer tank 7. The gas distribution pipe 8-3 is connected with the gas cylinder 14 and the gas buffer tank 7, and high-purity nitrogen gas and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder 14 are input into the gas buffer tank 7 from the gas cylinder 14 according to a certain proportion.
And the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity 2 are respectively fixed with a sealing plug 12 for leading out a lead of a sensor in the low-temperature test cavity 2 and a grounding wire of a ground electrode.
The test part 11 is divided into three types, namely a first ground electrode 11-1, a second ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil 11-3. The three test parts all comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or other common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 during testing. An insulating disc with a central hole is arranged at the top of the supporting and fixing part of the first ground electrode 11-1, the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of the electrode rod of the high-voltage electrode, and the high-voltage electrode 9 penetrates into the central hole of the insulating disc before the test so as to ensure that the high-voltage electrode 9 is over against the first ground electrode 11-1. The support fixture of the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material has the same structure as the support fixture of the first ground electrode 11-1. The coil connecting terminals are arranged on two sides of the supporting and fixing part of the superconducting strip or the superconducting coil 11-3, the coil connecting terminals are connected with the large-current lead 10 during testing, and the superconducting strip is coiled along the supporting and fixing part and is connected with the coil connecting terminals end to end.
The cold head of the refrigerator 5 is arranged at the edge of the outer side of the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1, the cold head extends into the vacuum low-temperature cavity, the cold guide piece 6 is led out from the tail end of the cold head of the refrigerator 5, and the other end of the cold guide piece 6 is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity 2 to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity 2. The molecular pump 4 is used for pumping the air in the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 and ensuring proper vacuum degree. The gas buffer tank 7 is used for containing mixed gas and is connected with the gas inlet pipe 8-1. The gas cylinder 14 is used for containing high-purity nitrogen gas and carbon tetrafluoride gas and is connected with the gas distribution pipe 8-3.
The testing device can be used for carrying out a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium insulation characteristic test, a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium immersion condition solid insulation material insulation characteristic test and a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium immersion condition superconducting strip and superconducting coil electromagnetic characteristic test, and the working process of the testing device is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 3, when the insulation characteristic test of the mixed liquid medium in a wide temperature range is performed, the test component selected by the test device of the present invention is the first ground electrode 11-1. Penetrating a high-voltage electrode 9 into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing part of a first ground electrode 11-1, and filling the high-voltage electrode into a low-temperature test cavity 2; and (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 by using a molecular pump 4, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2 by using a mechanical pump. The pure gases N2, CF4 in cylinder 14 were measured according to the temperatures required for the test: 50-120K, inputting the mixture into a gas buffer tank through a gas distribution pipe according to the corresponding mixture ratio: when the test temperature zone is 50-80K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90 percent; when the test temperature zone is 80-120K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20%. The refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide piece 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high voltage electrode 9 is connected to a high voltage generator, and the ground line of the first ground electrode 11-1 is led out from the seal plug 12 and grounded. During the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode 11-1 are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the first ground electrode 11-1, and the medium is broken down after the discharge initial field strength of the mixed liquid medium is exceeded. The breakdown field strength of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in a temperature range of 50-120K can be obtained by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating machine 5 and the mixture ratio of the mixed medium.
As shown in fig. 4, when the insulation characteristic test of the solid insulating material is performed under the condition of soaking in the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature range, the test component selected by the test apparatus of the present invention is the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material. Penetrating a high-voltage electrode 9 into a central hole of an insulating disc at the top of a supporting and fixing part of a second ground electrode 11-2 coated with a solid insulating material, and filling the high-voltage electrode into a low-temperature test cavity 2; and (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 by using a molecular pump 4, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2 by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas bottle 14 is input into the gas buffer tank 7 through the gas distribution pipe 8-3 according to a certain proportion; the refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide piece 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high voltage electrode 9 is connected with a high voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second grounding electrode 11-2 coated with solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug 12 and grounded. During the test, the electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is left between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the thin solid insulating material, the breakdown field strength of the thin solid insulating material can be measured, and the second ground electrode 11-2 coated with the thick insulating material can measure the flashover voltage along the surface along the edge of the thick solid insulating material. The temperature of the refrigerating machine 5 and the mixture ratio of the mixed medium are adjusted to obtain test data such as breakdown field intensity of the thin solid insulating material, surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material and the like at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature zone.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the electromagnetic property test of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil is performed under the condition of soaking in the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature region, the test component selected by the test device is the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3. And connecting a coil wiring terminal of the superconducting strip or the superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece with the large-current lead 10 and then loading the coil wiring terminal into the low-temperature test cavity 2. And (3) vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity 1 by using a molecular pump 4, and vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity 2 by using a mechanical pump. Pure gas in the gas bottle 14 is input into the gas buffer tank 7 through the gas distribution pipe 8-3 according to a certain proportion. The refrigerator 5 cools the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the cold guide piece 6; the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank 7 is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity 2 through the gas inlet pipe 8-1 and condensed into liquid; the high current lead 10 is connected to a current source. During testing, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3 is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, the large current is conducted to the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil 11-3 through the coil connecting terminal by the large current lead 10, the temperature of the refrigerator 5 is adjusted, and the mixed medium proportion can be used for measuring the current carrying capacity, the quench recovery and other characteristics of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil at different temperatures in a 50-120K temperature zone.
Claims (6)
1. A wide-temperature-zone liquid medium environment test device based on refrigerator conduction cooling is characterized by comprising a vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), a low-temperature test cavity (2), a high-voltage electrode (9), a large-current lead (10), an air inlet pipe (8-1), an air outlet pipe (8-2), a sealing plug (12), a test part (11), a refrigerator (5) and an air distribution system;
a cold guide piece (6), a test cavity tray (3) and a low-temperature test cavity (2) are arranged in the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1); the cold guide piece (6) is a soft pure copper wire, one end of the cold guide piece is led out from the tail end of a cold head of the refrigerator (5), and the other end of the cold guide piece is fixed at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity (2) to provide cold for the low-temperature test cavity (2); the test cavity tray (3) is hung on an inner flange of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1); the low-temperature test cavity (2) is arranged on the test cavity tray (3); the low-temperature test cavity (2) is filled with a wide-temperature-zone mixed liquid medium liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride, and the test part (11) is soaked in the liquid nitrogen/carbon tetrafluoride;
the high-voltage electrode (9) and the high-current lead (10) are both an upper section and a lower section, the upper section high-voltage electrode (9) and the upper section high-current lead (10) are fixed on an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) through a wall bushing, and the lower section high-voltage electrode (9) and the lower section high-current lead (10) are fixed on an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the wall bushing; the upper and lower sections of high-voltage electrodes (9) are connected by soft copper wires, and the upper and lower sections of high-current leads (10) are connected by soft copper wires; two large-current leads (10) are respectively arranged on two sides of the high-voltage electrode (9); when a high-voltage test is carried out, the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with a high-voltage generator, and high voltage is applied to the test component (11); when a large-current test is carried out, the large-current lead (10) is connected with a current source, and large current is introduced into the test part (11);
the air inlet pipe (8-1) and the air outlet pipe (8-2) are respectively an upper section and a lower section, and are respectively fixed at the edge of an upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) and the edge of an upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2) in a sealing manner, and the upper section and the lower section of the air inlet pipe (8-1) and the upper section and the lower section of the air outlet pipe (8-2) are respectively connected by a hose for vacuum; one end of the air inlet pipe (8-1) is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity (2), the other end of the air inlet pipe (8-1) is communicated with the gas buffer tank (7), and mixed gas at room temperature is sent into the low-temperature test cavity (2) from the gas buffer tank (7); one end of the air outlet pipe (8-2) is inserted into the low-temperature test cavity (2), and the other end of the air outlet pipe (8-2) is exposed out of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1); the air inlet pipe (8-1) and the air outlet pipe (8-2) are both provided with valves (13); the gas distribution system comprises a gas distribution pipe (8-3), a gas cylinder (14) and a gas buffer tank (7); the gas distribution pipe (8-3) is connected with the gas cylinder (14) and the gas buffer tank (7), and high-purity nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride gas in the gas cylinder (14) are input into the gas buffer tank (7) from the gas cylinder (14) according to a certain proportion;
and sealing plugs (12) are fixed on the upper cover plate of the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1) and the upper cover plate of the low-temperature test cavity (2) and used for leading out a lead of a sensor in the low-temperature test cavity (2) and a grounding wire of a ground electrode.
2. The testing device according to claim 1, wherein the testing member (11) comprises three of a first ground electrode (11-1), a second ground electrode (11-2) coated with a solid insulating material, and a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil (11-3); the three test parts comprise cylindrical supporting and fixing parts made of epoxy resin or common low-temperature insulating materials, and the supporting and fixing parts are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature test cavity (2) during testing; the top of the supporting and fixing part of the first ground electrode (11-1) is provided with an insulating disc with a central hole, the aperture of the insulating disc is equal to the outer diameter of the high-voltage electrode rod, and the high-voltage electrode (9) penetrates into the central hole of the insulating disc and is opposite to the ground electrode (11-1) during testing; the supporting and fixing part of the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material has the same structure as that of the first ground electrode (11-1); coil wiring terminals are arranged on two sides of a supporting and fixing part of the superconducting strip or the superconducting coil (11-3), the coil wiring terminals are connected with a large-current lead (10) during testing, the superconducting strip is coiled along the supporting and fixing part, and the head and the tail of the superconducting strip are connected with the coil wiring terminals.
3. The testing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the testing device is used for testing the insulation property of the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature range, the used testing component is a first ground electrode (11-1); a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gases N2 and CF4 in the gas cylinder (14) are measured according to the temperature required by the test: 50-120K, and inputting the mixture into a gas buffer tank (7) through a gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the corresponding mixture ratio: when the test temperature zone is 50-80K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 45-90 percent; when the test temperature zone is 80-120K, the molar ratio of N2 to CF4 is 2-20 percent; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide piece (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the ground electrode grounding wire is led out from the sealing plug (12) and grounded; during test, an electrode tip of the high-voltage electrode and the first ground electrode (11-1) are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, a strong electric field is formed between the high-voltage electrode (9) and the first ground electrode (11-1), and the mixed liquid medium is punctured after the initial field intensity of discharge of the mixed liquid medium is exceeded; the breakdown field strength of the mixed liquid medium at different temperatures in a temperature range of 50-120K can be obtained by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating machine (5) and the proportion of the mixed medium.
4. The testing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the testing device is used for testing the insulation property of the solid insulating material under the condition of soaking in the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature range, the selected testing component is a second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material; a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gas in the gas cylinder (14) is input into the gas buffer tank (7) through the gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the mixture ratio; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide piece (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-voltage electrode (9) is connected with the high-voltage generator, and the grounding wire of the second grounding electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material is led out from the sealing plug (12) and grounded; during test, the high-voltage electrode tip and the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material are immersed in the mixed liquid medium, no gap is left between the high-voltage electrode (9) and the second ground electrode (11-2) coated with the solid insulating material, and the breakdown field strength of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material are measured; the breakdown field strength of the thin solid insulating material and the surface flashover voltage of the thick solid insulating material at different temperatures in a temperature range of 50-120K can be obtained by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerating machine (5) and the proportion of the mixed medium.
5. The test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the test device is used for testing the electromagnetic properties of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil under the condition of soaking in the mixed liquid medium in the wide temperature zone, the selected test component is the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3); connecting a coil wiring terminal of a superconducting tape or a superconducting coil supporting and fixing piece with a large-current lead (10) and then loading the coil wiring terminal into a low-temperature test cavity (2); a molecular pump (4) is used for vacuumizing the vacuum low-temperature cavity (1), and a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing the low-temperature test cavity (2); pure gas in the gas cylinder (14) is input into the gas buffer tank (7) through the gas distribution pipe (8-3) according to the mixture ratio; the refrigerator (5) cools the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the cold guide piece (6); the mixed gas in the gas buffer tank (7) is introduced into the low-temperature test cavity (2) through the gas inlet pipe (8-1) and condensed into liquid; the high-current lead (10) is connected with a current source; during testing, the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3) is immersed in the mixed liquid medium, the current source generates large current, the large current is led to the superconducting tape or the superconducting coil (11-3) through the coil wiring terminal by the large current lead (10), the temperature of the refrigerator (5) and the proportion of the mixed medium are adjusted, and the current carrying capacity and the quench recovery characteristics of the superconducting tape and the superconducting coil at different temperatures of a 50-120K temperature zone can be measured.
6. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the high voltage electrode comprises an electrode rod and an electrode tip, and the bottom of the electrode rod is provided with a threaded hole for replacing the electrode tip in different forms so as to obtain electric field conditions with different degrees of uniformity.
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| CN113092952A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-09 | 河北工业大学 | Experimental device and method for electrical performance of insulating material under large temperature gradient and extremely low temperature |
| CN113049430A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-29 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | High-low temperature impact test device |
| CN116500440A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-07-28 | 华北电力大学（保定） | High-temperature superconductive winding current-carrying characteristic and alternating current loss testing device |
| CN116500440B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-08 | 华北电力大学（保定） | High-temperature superconductive winding current-carrying characteristic and alternating current loss testing device |
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