CN112314480A - Method for culturing fish in rice field - Google Patents
Method for culturing fish in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN112314480A CN112314480A CN202011265129.7A CN202011265129A CN112314480A CN 112314480 A CN112314480 A CN 112314480A CN 202011265129 A CN202011265129 A CN 202011265129A CN 112314480 A CN112314480 A CN 112314480A
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000209439 Cabomba caroliniana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000252228 Ctenopharyngodon Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000200882 Setaria barbata Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001561 Setaria barbata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015503 Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000064817 Sorghum halepense var. sudanense Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 241000586542 Aonidiella citrina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing fish in a rice field, which belongs to the technical field of aquatic product culture, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rice field, excavating fish ditches, constructing a water intake and drainage system, heightening and widening tamped ridges, planting fish grass on the ridges, throwing fish fries, feeding, fertilizing and managing the rice field, fully and reasonably utilizes land resources, is scientific in production management, and has the characteristics of high survival rate of the grass carps, low morbidity, high yield and good quality; the grass carp takes tender grass in a rice field, fish grass on ridges, rice leaves, duckweed and insects as main food, and the grass carp is cultivated in a green ecological manner, so that the artificial weeding cost is saved, the light transmittance among rice is enhanced, the plant diseases and insect pests of the grass carp and the rice are reduced, the ecological environment of the rice field is effectively improved, and finally the ecological rice field grass carp which is tender, compact and solid in meat quality, free of fishy smell, strong and long in body shape and yellow in fish scales is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product raising, in particular to a method for raising fish in a rice field.
Background
The traditional culture method for culturing the fishes in the rice field is to simply replace a fishpond with the rice field for original culture and lack scientific management, or to dig a shallow trench or a water tank in the rice field, the two methods are difficult to culture the grass carps in the rice field, so that the effect of double harvest of the fishes and rice is achieved, the fish culture varieties are single, the carp and the crucian are taken as main species, the fishes need to be raised when the rice is harvested, the growth time of the fishes is short, and the comprehensive economic benefit is low; therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of land while optimizing the ecological environment and scientifically and reasonably culture the grass carps in the rice field, which have high survival rate, low morbidity, high yield, high economic benefit, tender, compact and solid meat, no fishy smell, strong and large body shape, yellow scales and assured quality, is an important subject to be researched and solved by new farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for culturing fish in a rice field.
The invention provides a method for culturing fish in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of paddy field: the paddy field is close to places with good water source conditions such as rivers, lakes and the like, the area of each paddy field is at least 2 mu, the annual sunshine duration is 1200-1500 hours, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, the content of heavy metal total mercury is not higher than 0.01mg/kg, the content of lead is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, the content of cadmium is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, and the content of inorganic arsenic is not higher than 0.15 mg/kg;
s2 digging fish ditches: three-edge ditching is carried out on the rice field, the ditch width is 1.5-2.5 meters, the depth is 0.8-1.2 meters, the area of the fish ditch accounts for 10% -15% of the area of the rice field, and a machine-ploughing channel is reserved in each rice field, so that the operation of putting the agricultural machine into the field is facilitated;
s3 construction of a water inlet and outlet system: each rice field is respectively provided with an independent water inlet and drainage system, one water inlet and two water outlets;
s4 heightening and widening the tamped ridge: the method comprises the following steps of tamping ridges of a fish ditch with soil dug out of the fish ditch, wherein the ridges of the fish ditch are not hardened, so that the ridges of the fish ditch are 1.8-2.2 meters in height (counted from the bottom of the fish ditch) and 1.5-2 meters in width, burying a pipeline with a No. 1 water outlet in advance before the ridges of the fish ditch are made, then forming a No. 2 water outlet, and making fish escape prevention measures for the two water outlets respectively;
s5, planting fish and grass on ridges: in winter, planting ryegrass on ridges, feeding grass carps in spring, and planting sudan grass and corn grass in summer;
s6 fry feeding: after fish is raised in winter, completely draining the water in the rice field, airing and disinfecting, then filling the rice field with water, throwing grass carp fries, and stocking 120 fries per mu of the rice field, wherein the length of the fries is 15-20 cm;
s7 feeding: feeding the fish fries with the fish weeds and the rice leaves in the rice field for 1 to 2 times every day from 4 to 6 months every year, wherein the feeding amount is 3 to 8 kilograms per mu every time, the fish weeds and the rice leaves are fed in the field in 7 to 9 months, meanwhile, the fish weeds and the rice leaves are fed in 1 time every day, the feeding amount is 3 to 6 kilograms per mu, the time of 10 to 11 months is not longer, the fish weeds are not fed, the rice is eaten in two seasons, and the fish weeds are continuously caught and put on the market in 12 months; the feeding of the fish and grass is determined according to the dissolved oxygen in the water of the rice field, and in rainy days, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3mg/L, the fish and grass are not fed, and the water of the rice field is kept flowing; feeding fish grass according to the lowest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 3-4 mg/L and keeping the water of the field flowing in the morning, and feeding fish grass according to the highest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 5-8 mg/L.
S8 fertilization of rice field: in the rice field for fish culture in the first year, 50-80 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings according to soil fertility, and 20-40 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field for topdressing when the rice grows to tillering period; in the rice field after one year of fish culture, because fish manure fattens the field, in the second year and later, only 30-60 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20-30 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field to topdress the rice when the rice grows to tillering period; before base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are put into the fish ditch every year, grass carp needs to be concentrated, the water level of a rice transplanting area is only kept at 5-10 cm, so that the organic fertilizer is mainly absorbed by the rice transplanting area, the organic fertilizer only contains fermented rapeseed dregs, and no other substances are added;
s9 management of rice field:
s91 water level adjustment: 5-6 months per year, keeping the water level of fish culture in the rice field at 5-10 cm, wherein 5-8 cm is mainly used, and keeping the water flowing; keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 20-40 cm within 7-8 months, gradually raising the water level along with the growth of the rice, and keeping the water flowing; in the beginning of 9 months, when the rice is harvested, grass carp is quickly gathered in a fish ditch, the rice is harvested by a harvester, all straws are put on ridges, and then the rice field is quickly filled with water; keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field to be 40-60 cm in all other time periods;
s92 water flow regulation: while the water level is fixed, when the temperature is 0-15 ℃, the fixed water is taken as the main water and the flowing water is taken as the auxiliary water; when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, the flowing water is taken as the main component and the fixed water is taken as the auxiliary component; when the temperature reaches above 30 ℃, all the flowing water is adopted; the running water is fresh running water injected into the rice field. .
Preferably, the fish grass comprises: weeds in the field, rice leaves, corn grasses, sudan grasses and ryegrass.
Preferably, the step S6 includes feeding the fry in the rice field all the year round.
Preferably, the step S91 is to adjust the fish culture water level in the rice field according to the growth conditions of the rice, so as to ensure double harvest of the fish and the rice.
According to the method for culturing fish in the rice field, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method has the following outstanding effects:
1. the method of the invention fully and reasonably utilizes land resources, has scientific production management, and has the characteristics of high survival rate of the grass carps, low morbidity, high yield and good quality; the grass carp takes tender grass in a rice field, fish grass on ridges, rice leaves, duckweed and insects as main food, and the grass carp is cultivated in a green ecological manner, so that the artificial weeding cost is saved, the light transmittance among rice is enhanced, the plant diseases and insect pests of the grass carp and the rice are reduced, the ecological environment of the rice field is effectively improved, and finally the ecological rice field grass carp which is tender, compact and solid in meat quality, free of fishy smell, strong and long in body shape and yellow in fish scales is obtained. The long-term culture proves that 260 jin of ecological grass carp in the rice field can be generated per mu, and meanwhile, fishes such as crucian carp, carp and carp can be intercropped;
2. the method of the invention uses tender grass, duckweed, insects and rice leaves in the rice field as main baits, thereby not only reducing the cost and improving the economic value, but also being ecological breeding and obtaining the ecological rice field grass carp which has tender, compact and no fishy smell, is sound and large in size and is yellow in fish scale. .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the method for raising fish in paddy fields according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the method for culturing fish in paddy field comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of paddy field: the paddy field is close to places with good water source conditions such as rivers, lakes and the like, the area of each paddy field is at least 2 mu, the annual sunshine duration is 1200-1500 hours, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, the content of heavy metal total mercury is not higher than 0.01mg/kg, the content of lead is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, the content of cadmium is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, and the content of inorganic arsenic is not higher than 0.15 mg/kg;
s2 digging fish ditches: three-edge ditching is carried out on the rice field, the width of the ditch is 1.5 meters, the depth of the ditch is 0.8 meters, and a machine-ploughing channel needs to be reserved in each rice field, so that the operation of putting agricultural machines into the field is facilitated;
s3 construction of a water inlet and outlet system: each rice field is respectively provided with an independent water inlet and drainage system, one water inlet and two water outlets (see the attached figures in the specification);
s4 heightening and widening the tamped ridge: soil dug out from the fish ditch is used for compacting ridges of the field without hardening treatment, so that the ridges of the field are 1.8 meters in height (counted from the bottom of the fish ditch) and 1.5 meters in width, a pipeline with a No. 1 water outlet is pre-buried before the ridges of the field are made, a No. 2 water outlet is formed after the ridges of the field are made, and fish escape prevention measures are respectively made for the two water outlets;
s5, planting fish and grass on ridges: in winter, planting ryegrass on ridges, feeding grass carps in spring, and planting sudan grass and corn grass in summer;
s6 fry feeding: after fish is raised in winter, completely draining the water in the rice field, airing and disinfecting, then filling the rice field with water, throwing grass carp fries, and stocking 120 fries per mu of the rice field, wherein the length of the fries is 15-20 cm;
s7 feeding: feeding the fish fries in the rice field for 1 time every day from 4 months to 6 months every year, wherein the feeding amount is 3 kilograms per mu every time, feeding the fish fries for 1 time every day when eating field weeds and rice feet and leaves in 7 months to 9 months, the feeding amount is 3 kilograms per mu, the feeding amount is 10 months to 11 months, the fish fries are not fed, the rice is eaten in two seasons, and the fish fries are continuously caught and sold in the market in 12 months; the feeding of the fish and grass is determined according to the dissolved oxygen in the water of the rice field, and in rainy days, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3mg/L, the fish and grass are not fed, and the water of the rice field is kept flowing; feeding fish grass according to the lowest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 3-4 mg/L and keeping the water of the field flowing in the morning, and feeding fish grass according to the highest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 5-8 mg/L.
S8 fertilization of rice field: in the rice field for fish culture in the first year, 50-80 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings according to soil fertility, and 20-40 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field for topdressing when the rice grows to tillering period; in the rice field after one year of fish culture, because fish manure fattens the field, in the second year and later, only 30-60 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20-30 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field to topdress the rice when the rice grows to tillering period; before base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are put into the fish groove every year, grass carp needs to be concentrated into the fish groove, the water level of a rice transplanting area is only kept at 5cm, so that the organic fertilizer is mainly absorbed by the rice transplanting area, the organic fertilizer only contains fermented rapeseed dregs, and no other substances are added;
s9 management of rice field:
s91 water level adjustment: 5-6 months per year, keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 5cm, and keeping the water flowing; 7-8 months, keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 20cm, and keeping the water flowing; in the beginning of 9 months, when the rice is harvested, grass carp is quickly gathered in a fish ditch, the rice is harvested by a harvester, all straws are put on ridges, and then the rice field is quickly filled with water; keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field to be 40cm in all other time periods;
s92 water flow regulation: while the water level is fixed, when the temperature is 0-15 ℃, the fixed water is taken as the main water and the flowing water is taken as the auxiliary water; when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, the flowing water is taken as the main component and the fixed water is taken as the auxiliary component; when the temperature reaches above 30 ℃, all the flowing water is adopted; the running water is fresh running water injected into the rice field.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1, the method for culturing fish in paddy field comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of paddy field: the paddy field is close to places with good water source conditions such as rivers, lakes and the like, the area of each paddy field is at least 3 mu, the annual sunshine duration is 1200-1500 hours, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, the content of heavy metal total mercury is not higher than 0.01mg/kg, the content of lead is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, the content of cadmium is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, and the content of inorganic arsenic is not higher than 0.15 mg/kg;
s2 digging fish ditches: three-edge ditching is carried out on the rice field, the width of the ditch is 2 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1 meter, and a machine-ploughing channel needs to be reserved in each rice field, so that the operation of agricultural machinery for planting the rice field is facilitated;
s3 construction of a water inlet and outlet system: each rice field is respectively provided with an independent water inlet and drainage system, one water inlet and two water outlets, which are shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification;
s4 heightening and widening the tamped ridge: soil dug out from the fish ditch is used for compacting ridges of the field without hardening treatment, so that the ridges of the field are 2 meters in height (counted from the bottom of the fish ditch) and 1.8 meters in width, a pipeline with a No. 1 water outlet is buried in advance before the ridges of the field are made, a No. 2 water outlet is formed after the ridges of the field are made, and fish escape prevention measures are respectively made for the two water outlets;
s5, planting fish and grass on ridges: in winter, planting ryegrass on ridges, feeding grass carps in spring, and planting sudan grass and corn grass in summer;
s6 fry feeding: after fish is raised in winter, completely draining the water in the rice field, airing and disinfecting, then filling the rice field with water, throwing grass carp fries, and stocking 120 fries per mu of the rice field, wherein the length of the fries is 15-20 cm;
s7 feeding: feeding the fish fries in the rice field for 1 time every day from 4 to 6 months every year, wherein the feeding amount is 5 kilograms per mu every time, feeding the fish fries for 1 time every day while gnawing field weeds and rice feet and leaves in 7 to 9 months, the feeding amount is 4.5 kilograms per mu, the feeding time is 10 to 11 months, the fish fries are not fed, the rice in two seasons is taken as food, and the fish fries are continuously caught and sold in the market in 12 months; the feeding of the fish and grass is determined according to the dissolved oxygen in the water of the rice field, and in rainy days, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3mg/L, the fish and grass are not fed, and the water of the rice field is kept flowing; feeding fish grass according to the lowest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 3-4 mg/L and keeping the water of the field flowing in the morning, and feeding fish grass according to the highest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 5-8 mg/L.
S8 fertilization of rice field: in the rice field for fish culture in the first year, 50-80 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings according to soil fertility, and 20-40 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field for topdressing when the rice grows to tillering period; in the rice field after one year of fish culture, because fish manure fattens the field, in the second year and later, only 30-60 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20-30 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field to topdress the rice when the rice grows to tillering period; before base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are put into the fish groove every year, grass carp needs to be concentrated into the fish groove, the water level of a rice transplanting area is only kept at 8cm, so that the organic fertilizer is mainly absorbed by the rice transplanting area, the organic fertilizer only contains fermented rapeseed dregs, and no other substances are added;
s9 management of rice field:
s91 water level adjustment: 5-6 months per year, keeping the water level of fish culture in the rice field at 8cm, and keeping the water flowing; 7-8 months, keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 30cm, and keeping the water flowing; in the beginning of 9 months, when the rice is harvested, grass carp is quickly gathered in a fish ditch, the rice is harvested by a harvester, all straws are put on ridges, and then the rice field is quickly filled with water; keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field to be 50cm in all other time periods;
s92 water flow regulation: while the water level is fixed, when the temperature is 0-15 ℃, the fixed water is taken as the main water and the flowing water is taken as the auxiliary water; when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, the flowing water is taken as the main component and the fixed water is taken as the auxiliary component; when the temperature reaches above 30 ℃, all the flowing water is adopted; the running water is fresh running water injected into the rice field.
Example three:
referring to fig. 1, the method for culturing fish in paddy field comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of paddy field: the paddy field is close to places with good water source conditions such as rivers, lakes and the like, the area of each paddy field is at least 4 mu, the annual sunshine duration is 1200-1500 hours, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, the content of heavy metal total mercury is not higher than 0.01mg/kg, the content of lead is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, the content of cadmium is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, and the content of inorganic arsenic is not higher than 0.15 mg/kg;
s2 digging fish ditches: three-edge ditching is carried out on the rice field, the width of the ditch is 2.5 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1.2 meters, and a machine-ploughing channel needs to be reserved in each rice field, so that the operation of putting agricultural machines into the field is facilitated;
s3 construction of a water inlet and outlet system: each rice field is respectively provided with an independent water inlet and drainage system, one water inlet and two water outlets, which are shown in the attached drawings of the specification;
s4 heightening and widening the tamped ridge: soil dug out from the fish ditch is used for compacting ridges of the field without hardening treatment, so that the ridges of the field are 2.2 meters in height (counted from the bottom of the fish ditch) and 2 meters in width, a pipeline with a No. 1 water outlet is buried in advance before the ridges of the field are made, a No. 2 water outlet is formed after the ridges of the field are made, and fish escape prevention measures are respectively made for the two water outlets;
s5, planting fish and grass on ridges: in winter, planting ryegrass on ridges, feeding grass carps in spring, and planting sudan grass and corn grass in summer;
s6 fry feeding: after fish is raised in winter, completely draining the water in the rice field, airing and disinfecting, then filling the rice field with water, throwing grass carp fries, and stocking 120 fries per mu of the rice field, wherein the length of the fries is 15-20 cm;
s7 feeding: feeding the fish fries with the fish grass in the rice field for 2 times every day from 4 months to 6 months every year, wherein the feeding amount is 8 kilograms/mu each time, the fish grass only needs to be fed for 1 time every day when the fish fries bite field weeds and rice foot leaves in 7 months to 9 months, the feeding amount is 6 kilograms/mu, the fish grass is not fed for 10 months to 11 months, the rice is used as food for two seasons, and the fish fries are continuously caught and put on the market in 12 months; the feeding of the fish and grass is determined according to the dissolved oxygen in the water of the rice field, and in rainy days, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3mg/L, the fish and grass are not fed, and the water of the rice field is kept flowing; feeding fish grass according to the lowest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 3-4 mg/L and keeping the water of the field flowing in the morning, and feeding fish grass according to the highest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen amount is 5-8 mg/L.
S8 fertilization of rice field: in the rice field for fish culture in the first year, 50-80 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings according to soil fertility, and 20-40 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field for topdressing when the rice grows to tillering period; in the rice field after one year of fish culture, because fish manure fattens the field, in the second year and later, only 30-60 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20-30 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field to topdress the rice when the rice grows to tillering period; before base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are put into the fish groove every year, grass carp needs to be concentrated into the fish groove, the water level of a rice transplanting area is only kept at 10cm, so that the organic fertilizer is mainly absorbed by the rice transplanting area, the organic fertilizer only contains fermented rapeseed dregs, and no other substances are added;
s9 management of rice field:
s91 water level adjustment: 5-6 months per year, keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 10cm, and keeping the water flowing; 7-8 months, keeping the water level of fish culture in the rice field at 40cm, and keeping the water flowing; in the beginning of 9 months, when the rice is harvested, grass carp is quickly gathered in a fish ditch, the rice is harvested by a harvester, all straws are put on ridges, and then the rice field is quickly filled with water; keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field to be 60cm in all other time periods;
s92 water flow regulation: while the water level is fixed, when the temperature is 0-15 ℃, the fixed water is taken as the main water and the flowing water is taken as the auxiliary water; when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, the flowing water is taken as the main component and the fixed water is taken as the auxiliary component; when the temperature reaches above 30 ℃, all the flowing water is adopted; the running water is fresh running water injected into the rice field.
The organic fertilizer required by the growth of rice mainly comprises: grass carp manure and fermented rapeseed meal; no pesticide and herbicide are used in the whole growth process of rice, and a physical method is used for preventing and treating rice diseases and insect pests.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for culturing fish in the rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 selection of paddy field: the paddy field is close to places with good water source conditions such as rivers, lakes and the like, the area of each paddy field is at least 2 mu, the annual sunshine duration is 1200-1500 hours, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8, the content of heavy metal total mercury is not higher than 0.01mg/kg, the content of lead is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, the content of cadmium is not higher than 0.2mg/kg, and the content of inorganic arsenic is not higher than 0.15 mg/kg;
s2 digging fish ditches: three-edge ditching is carried out on the rice field, the ditch width is 1.5-2.5 meters, the depth is 0.8-1.2 meters, the area of the fish ditch accounts for 15% -25% of the area of the rice field, and a machine-ploughing channel is reserved in each rice field, so that the operation of putting the agricultural machine into the field is facilitated;
s3 construction of a water inlet and outlet system: each rice field is respectively provided with an independent water inlet and drainage system, one water inlet and two water outlets;
s4 heightening and widening the tamped ridge: soil dug out from the fish ditches is used for compacting ridges of the field without hardening treatment, so that the height of the ridges of the field is 1.8-2.2 meters, the width of the ridges of the field is 1.5-2 meters, a pipeline with a No. 1 water outlet is pre-buried before the ridges of the field are made, a No. 2 water outlet is formed after the ridges of the field are made, and fish escape prevention measures are respectively made for the two water outlets;
s5, planting fish and grass on ridges: in winter, planting ryegrass on ridges, feeding grass carps in spring, and planting sudan grass and corn grass in summer;
s6 fry feeding: after fish is raised in winter, completely draining the water in the rice field, airing and disinfecting, then filling the rice field with water, throwing grass carp fries, and stocking 120 fries per mu of the rice field, wherein the length of the fries is 15-20 cm;
s7 feeding: feeding the fish fries with the fish weeds and the rice leaves in the rice field for 1 to 2 times every day from 4 to 6 months every year, wherein the feeding amount is 3 to 8 kilograms per mu every time, the fish weeds and the rice leaves are fed in the field in 7 to 9 months, meanwhile, the fish weeds and the rice leaves are fed in 1 time every day, the feeding amount is 3 to 6 kilograms per mu, the time of 10 to 11 months is not longer, the fish weeds are not fed, the rice is eaten in two seasons, and the fish weeds are continuously caught and put on the market in 12 months; the feeding of the fish and grass is determined according to the dissolved oxygen in the water of the rice field, and in rainy days, when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 3mg/L, the fish and grass are not fed, and the water of the rice field is kept flowing; feeding fish grass according to the lowest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen is 3-4 mg/L and keeping the water flowing in the field in the morning, feeding the fish grass according to the highest feeding frequency and quantity when the dissolved oxygen is 5-8 mg/L,
s8 fertilization of rice field: in the rice field for fish culture in the first year, 50-80 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings according to soil fertility, and 20-40 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field for topdressing when the rice grows to tillering period; in the rice field after one year of fish culture, because fish manure fattens the field, in the second year and later, only 30-50 KG of organic fertilizer is needed to be put into each mu of the rice field as base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings, and 20-30 KG of organic fertilizer is put into each mu of the rice field to topdress the rice when the rice grows to tillering period; before base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are put into the fish ditch every year, grass carp needs to be concentrated, the water level of a rice transplanting area is only kept at 5-10 cm, so that the organic fertilizer is mainly absorbed by the rice transplanting area, the organic fertilizer only contains fermented rapeseed dregs, and no other substances are added;
s9 management of rice field:
s91 water level adjustment: 5-6 months per year, keeping the water level of fish culture in the rice field at 5-10 cm, wherein 5-8 cm is mainly used, and keeping the water flowing; 7-8 months, keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 20-40 cm, gradually raising the water level along with the growth of rice, keeping the flow of water, collecting grass carp to a fish ditch quickly in the early 9 months, harvesting the rice by a harvester, collecting all straws to ridges, filling the rice field with water quickly, and keeping the water level for fish culture in the rice field at 40-60 cm in all other time periods;
s92 water flow regulation: while the water level is fixed, when the temperature is 0-15 ℃, the fixed water is taken as the main water and the flowing water is taken as the auxiliary water; when the temperature is 15-30 ℃, the flowing water is taken as the main water and the fixed water is taken as the auxiliary water, and when the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the flowing water is all adopted, namely, the fresh running water is injected into the rice field.
2. The method for raising fish in paddy field according to claim 1, wherein the fish grass comprises: weeds in the field, rice leaves, corn grasses, sudan grasses and ryegrass.
3. The method for raising fish in a paddy field according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 comprises feeding the fry in the paddy field all the year round.
4. The method for raising fish in rice paddy field according to claim 1, wherein the step S91 is performed by adjusting the water level of fish raising in rice paddy field according to the growth of rice, thereby ensuring the harvest of both fish and rice.
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| JP2002125658A (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-05-08 | Yoshiaki Ikuta | Method for using fallow paddy field |
| CN104430066A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 田云秋 | Method for breeding procypris merus in rice field |
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