CN111386991B - Production method for improving yield of high-yield organic planting of flooded rice - Google Patents
Production method for improving yield of high-yield organic planting of flooded rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for high-yield organic planting and re-synergism of flooded rice. In the organic rice planting method, a patent CN2013104642900 organic rice planting method and a weed prevention and control method in a CN2016100893509 organic rice planting process are adopted, and the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: an escape-proof net is arranged on the periphery of the large ridge of the flooded rice planting unit; removing small ridges in a common rice planting unit, replacing the small ridges for common planting with prefabricated cement small ditches, and adding the number of the small ditches; and water-drowning the rice plants and intercropping the small animals growing in the paddy field. The method ensures that the effective area of the rice field is not reduced, the yield of the rice per mu is not reduced, the rice quality of the organic rice is not reduced, and no environmental pollution is caused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to original ecological planting industry, in particular to ecological organic rice planting and a planting technology in an organic rice planting field, which enables a food chain naturally generated in the original high-yield organic planting of flooded rice to be efficiently utilized.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, and with the increasing population, people can obtain safe food with grain quantity and quality, and farmers become rich, so that the invention is not perfect as an inventor of high-yield organic planting production (organic rice planting method) of flooded rice. The food chain naturally generated in the organic rice planting needs to be developed and re-synergized, which is a more perfect production and operation way. The inventor successively invents a patent CN2013104642900 organic rice planting method and a weed prevention and control method in a CN2016100893509 organic rice planting process aiming at organic rice planting, so that the prevention and control of diseases and weeds in the organic rice planting are realized. Although the yield of the organic rice reaches the yield of the existing medicated rice planting, the profit can be removed only by rice, the comprehensive and effective development cannot be realized, and the enrichment of farmers is not ideal. Therefore, the advantages of the two patents are brought into play on the basis of the two patents, comprehensive development and utilization are carried out, the invention achievement is enlarged, and the per mu yield of the paddy field is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to promote the quality and taste of rice and provides a production method for improving the efficiency of high-yield organic planting of flooded rice.
In order to meet the requirements, the high-yield organic planting synergistic production method of the flooded rice adopts a patent CN2013104642900 organic rice planting method and a weed prevention and control method in a CN2016100893509 organic rice planting process in the organic rice planting method, and is characterized in that:
the periphery of the large ridge of the flooding rice planting unit A is provided with an escape-preventing net:
(1) dig the isolation ditch outside the big ridge of flood rice planting unit, set up in the isolation ditch and prevent escaping the net, keep apart the ditch depth 45 ~ 80 centimetres, keep apart the ditch width 10 ~ 20 centimetres, after burying isolation ditch bottom the net bottom is prevented escaping, keep apart the ditch bottom and use 1:5, filling quicklime mixed soil (the crushed quicklime is mixed with 5 parts of soil) into a protection and escape-proof net, wherein the thickness of the mixed soil to be filled is 10-20 cm, filling the isolation trench with original soil after the mixed soil is compacted, and the escape-proof net is required to be 50-150 cm higher than the ground, wherein the mesh size of the escape-proof net is determined according to the type of small animals growing in a cultivated paddy field, and the mesh size of the escape-proof net is determined to be that the small animals growing in the paddy field cannot pass through the escape-proof net;
removing small ridges in the common rice planting units, replacing the small ridges for common planting with prefabricated cement small channels, and adding the number of the small channels; wherein:
(1) the shape of the cement prefabricated small channel is trapezoidal: the depth of each small channel is 45-80 cm, the width of each small channel is 25-60 cm, each section of the prefabricated small channel is 100-500 cm, the width of the bottom of each small channel is about 2 cm smaller than that of the upper part of the prefabricated small channel, small animal inlets and outlets for growing paddy fields are reserved on the upper part of the small channel, and small holes communicated with underground water are formed in the bottom of each channel;
(2) arrangement and installation of small ditches:
firstly, ditching according to the specification of the required small ditches, wherein the interval of each small ditch is 2-10 m: paving quicklime mixed soil (crushed quicklime 1 soil 5 mixed soil) with the thickness of 15-20 cm at the bottom of the small ditch after the small ditch is horizontal, leveling and compacting;
secondly, connecting and protecting the connecting part of each prefabricated small channel by cement;
the spacing distance between small animal entrances and exits on the same side of each small ditch is 100-300 cm, and the size and the spacing of the entrances and exits are set according to the requirements of the species of the small animals growing in the cultivated paddy field;
fourthly, the small ditches need to be horizontally buried according to the total flatness of the flooded rice planting unit and need to be 15-25 cm higher than the ground, and each small ditch needs to be connected with a main ditch penetrating through the flooded rice planting unit;
c water-flooded rice planting and intercropping method
(1) Species of intercropping of small animals grown in paddy field: in the first year of intercropping, the species of the intercropped small animals and the number of seedlings are selected by a conventional method according to the species of the intercropped small animals and the rice field area, wherein the species of the intercropping is as follows: frog, fish, eel, loach, crab, leech and shrimp;
(2) selection of small animal feed: selecting the leftovers of ecologically produced food and organic food: the method comprises the following steps of (1) producing a byproduct feed in the processing process of organic rice and wheat, and cleaning screws, small fishes and small shrimps in a river channel to prevent the rice quality from being polluted;
(3) the design of the water inlet and outlet for planting the water flooded rice for preventing the small animals from escaping: the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with meshes for preventing the small animals from passing through the mesh holes, and the specifications and the sizes of the meshes are used for preventing the small animals from escaping during irrigation and drainage, and meanwhile, the normal operation of water inlet and drainage must be ensured;
(4) the method for capturing the small animals comprises the following steps: when the suitable catching period of the small animals is reached, the small animals are caught by manual catching or trapping by putting a string bag in a ditch.
The high-yield organic planting and re-synergism production method of the flooded rice implemented according to the embodiment has the following innovation points:
1. the periphery of the flooded rice is provided with an escape-preventing net by digging a deep ditch, and the bottom of the ditch is filled with quicklime mixed soil to prevent and control the small animals in the cultivation field from running off. The method utilizes the habit that a plurality of small animals such as eel stop digging and escaping when meeting quicklime (quicklime mixed soil), and effectively prevents and controls the escape of the small animals in the planting process by combining with the escape-preventing net around the field;
2. the mode of utilizing the small ditch to open the food chain and reutilizing the breeding industry is utilized, especially when the field surface has little water or no water, the small animals can be transferred to the small ditch with water to continue to live, thereby achieving the effective planting of the water flooded rice and the breeding of the small animals in the water flooded rice field block and realizing the double harvest of organic products for the breeding industry;
3. removing ridges and additionally arranging small channels, performing water-flooded rice planting or conventional rice planting, usually arranging ridges which are generally 80-120 cm wide and 13-15 m apart, and replacing the ridges with small channels after removing the ridges, wherein the small channels are more than the ridges of the existing planting mode, the arrangement density of the small channels is also improved, but the small channels are narrow, the slope is small, the effective area for planting rice cannot be reduced, and the acre yield of the rice field cannot be reduced. If a small ditch is built at the interval of 3 meters in the rice field, the width of the ditch is 35 cm, and the planting area of the rice field is hardly reduced. The rice at the edge of the ditch usually has good lighting and ventilating growth environment, the growth vigor of the ditch is obviously better than the growth vigor and the yield of the center of a field, and the growth vigor of the rice in the interval of 3 meters of the small ditch is better than the yield per mu of the original water-flooded rice, so the small ditch is removed, and the yield is not reduced by adding the small ditch;
4. quicklime mixed soil: the invention is also innovative in that the principle of the soil, such as air permeability, water permeability and firmness, is applied, so that soil in the small ditch is not polluted or smelly, and small animals living in the small ditch escape without being punched, and grow and live healthily;
5. the planting field of the organic rice does not need ridges, due to the adoption of the patent technologies of the CN2013104642900 organic rice planting method and the grass damage prevention and control method in the CN2016100893509 organic rice planting process, farmers do not need to fall into the field to weed, fertilize and kill insects in the rice production process, in addition, the small ditches divide the unit large field into a plurality of small unit field blocks, the problem of fall of a paddy field is effectively solved, and the normal growth of the rice is ensured.
The innovation is synthesized: the effective area of the paddy field is not reduced, the yield of the paddy per mu is not reduced, the quality of the paddy of the organic paddy is not reduced, and the environment pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a block for planting organic rice according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area H in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a typical rice planting field;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the section K-K in fig. 4.
In the figure: 1. a large ridge; 2. isolating the trench; 3. an escape-proof net; 4. mixing soil; 5. a ground surface; 6. small ridges; 7. a small trench; 8. a small animal entrance; 9. a small hole; 10, main canal; 11. a water inlet; 12. a water outlet; 13. and a pump station.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by way of examples.
The invention relates to a production method for improving the yield of flooded rice by organic planting and efficiency, which is characterized in that a patent CN2013104642900 organic rice planting method and a weed prevention and control method in the process of CN2016100893509 organic rice planting are adopted in the organic rice planting method, and the structure of a planted flooded rice field block is reformed as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3:
the periphery of the large ridge of the flooding rice planting unit A is provided with an escape-preventing net:
(1) digging an isolation ditch 2 outside a large ridge 1 of a flooded rice planting unit, arranging an anti-escape net 3 in the isolation ditch 2, filling the bottom of the isolation ditch with 1:5 quicklime mixed soil 4 (crushed quicklime 1 is mixed with 5 parts of soil) into the bottom of the isolation ditch 2 after burying the bottom edge of the anti-escape net 3 into the bottom of the isolation ditch 2, wherein the thickness of the mixed soil 4 to be filled is 10-20 cm, filling the isolation ditch 2 with the original soil after patting the mixed soil 4, the distance L50-150 cm higher than the ground 5 of the anti-escape net 3 is required, and the mesh size of the anti-escape net 3 is determined according to the type of small animals growing in a cultivated paddy field, and the degree is that the small animals growing in the paddy field can not pass through;
b, removing small ridges 6 in a common rice planting unit, as shown in figures 4 and 5, replacing the small ridges 6 for common planting with prefabricated cement small ditches 6, and adding the number of the small ditches 7; wherein:
(1) the shape of the cement prefabricated small ditch 7 is trapezoidal: the depth of the small ditch 7 is 45-80 cm, the width of the small ditch 7 is 25-60 cm, the length of each prefabricated small ditch 7 is 100-500 cm, the width of the bottom of the small ditch 7 is about 2 cm smaller than that of the upper part of the small ditch 7, a small animal inlet and outlet 8 for paddy field growth is reserved on the upper part of the small ditch 7, and a small hole 9 communicated with underground water is formed in the bottom of the small ditch 7;
(2) arrangement and installation of the small trenches 7:
firstly, ditching according to the specification of the required small ditches 7, wherein the interval of each small ditch 7 is 2-10 m: paving quicklime mixed soil 4 (crushed quicklime 1 soil 5 mixed soil) with the thickness of 15-20 cm at the bottom of the small ditch 7 after the small ditch is horizontal, leveling and compacting;
secondly, the connecting part of each prefabricated small channel 7 needs to be connected and protected by cement;
the spacing distance between small animal entrances and exits 8 on the same side of each small ditch 7 is 100-300 cm, and the size and the spacing of the entrances and exits 8 are set according to the requirements of the species of the small animals growing in the cultivated paddy field;
fourthly, the small channels 7 need to be buried horizontally according to the total flatness of the flooded rice planting units, the distance S15-25 cm from the ground 5 is also needed, each small channel 7 needs to be connected with a main channel 10 penetrating through the flooded rice planting units, a water inlet 11 and a water outlet 12 for filling and draining a whole block of the flooded rice field are formed in the main channel 10, and water in the water inlet 11 is supplied through a pump station 13;
c water-flooded rice planting and intercropping method
(1) Species of intercropping of small animals grown in paddy field: in the first year of intercropping, the types of the intercropped small animals and the number of seedlings are selected by a conventional method according to the types of the intercropped small animals and the area of a rice field, wherein the species of the intercropping are as follows: frog, fish, eel, loach, crab, leech, shrimp, etc.;
(2) selection of small animal feed: selecting the leftovers of ecologically produced food and organic food: byproduct feeds such as rice bran, wheat bran, rape seed cakes and the like generated in the processing process of organic rice and wheat, screws, small fishes and shrimps in a clean river channel so as to prevent the quality of rice from being polluted;
(3) the design of the water inlet 11 and the water outlet 12 for planting the water flooded rice for preventing the small animals from escaping: the water inlet 11 and the water outlet 12 are provided with meshes for preventing small animals from passing through the meshes, and the meshes are of a specification and a size so as to prevent the small animals from escaping during irrigation and drainage, and meanwhile, the normal operation of water inlet and drainage must be ensured;
(4) method for capturing small animals: when the suitable catching period of the small animals is reached, the small animals are caught by manual catching or trapping by putting a string bag in a ditch.
The invention is also suitable for other paddy field planting industries.
However, the above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present application are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. Simulating the natural pest and disease damage control mode of rice in the specific environment growth process to make the whole rice growth process completely free of pesticide and fertilizer; the method for preventing and controlling the weeds in the planting process of the organic rice comprises the following steps: irrigating water into a seedling bed 7-10 days after rice seedling transplanting, implementing deep water grass control, keeping the grass control water level at 55-65% of the rice seedling height, continuously keeping the water level at the height for 8-10 days, keeping the water level in the field to be incapable of exposing soil during the period of time when the rice seedling is transplanted to a field, and inhibiting the growth or death of weeds and weed seeds under the conditions of oxygen lack and sunlight lack, and is characterized in that:
a: arranging escape-proof devices for preventing small animals underground and on the ground at the periphery of a large ridge of the flooded rice planting unit, digging a ditch with the width of 10-20 cm and the depth of 45-80 cm, burying the bottom edge of an escape-proof net piece into the bottom of the ditch, and using 1:5, filling quicklime mixed soil, compacting by 10-20 cm, filling the trench dug before with the original trench soil, wherein the escape-proof net piece is required to be 50-150 cm higher than the ground according to the species habit of the escape-proof small animals, the mesh size of the escape-proof net is determined according to the species of the small animals, and the degree is determined that the small animals growing in the paddy field can not pass through the escape-proof net piece;
b: removing small ridges of the rice planting units, replacing the small ridges for planting with prefabricated cement small ditches, and adding the number of the cement small ditches: wherein:
(1) the cement small ditch is trapezoidal, the width of the cement small ditch is 25-60 cm, the depth of the cement small ditch is 45-80 cm, the length of each section of the prefabricated cement small ditch is 100-500 cm, the width of the bottom of the cement small ditch is about 2 cm smaller than that of the upper part of the cement small ditch, an inlet and an outlet for small paddy field animals are reserved on the upper part of the cement small ditch, and holes formed in the bottom of the ditch are communicated with underground water;
(2) arrangement and installation of cement small ditches:
trenching according to the specification of the required cement small ditches, wherein the interval of each cement small ditch is 2-10 meters, paving quicklime mixed soil with the thickness of 15-20 centimeters at the bottom of each ditch after the small ditches are horizontal, and leveling and compacting;
secondly, each prefabricated cement small ditch connecting part needs to be well connected and protected by cement;
thirdly, a small animal passageway is arranged on the same side of each cement small ditch, the size and the distance of the passageways are set according to the requirements of the types of the small animals growing in the cultivated paddy field, and the other side of each cement small ditch plays the roles of retaining water and isolating the fall of two fields;
and fourthly, horizontally burying the cement small ditches according to the total flatness of the flooded rice planting units, and raising the cement small ditches 15-25 cm above the plane of the rice field, wherein each cement small ditch needs to be connected with a main ditch penetrating through the flooded rice planting units.
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