CN112314098B - Planting method of stepped protection forest of saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method of stepped protection forest of saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of a stepped protection forest of saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, planting area division, green manure treatment, seedling planting and saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer application, wherein the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 30-45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 5-10 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 5-8 parts of ferrous nitrate, 7-10 parts of shell powder and 6-8 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract, so that the effect of the protection forest is greatly improved, meanwhile, fruits of pomegranate and red snow fruits can also bring certain economic effect, and in addition, the pomegranate blossom resistance to pollution is particularly strong, and the protection forest can also adapt to certain coastal areas with serious pollution and is convenient to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of saline-alkali soil protection forests, in particular to a planting method of a stepped protection forest for saline-alkali soil.
Background
Soil salinization is an important environmental risk, and due to the special physical and chemical properties of salinized soil, the salinized soil is not suitable for the growth of most crops, influences the yield of the crops, and seriously restricts the development of society and economy. The salinized soil in China has large area and wide distribution, and various available salinized soil resources are 5.5 hundred million acres, and severe salinized soil resources are 3370 thousand acres, which are the most main reserve soil resources. In order to improve the salinization state of soil, protection forests are generally arranged in some saline-alkali soil, particularly coastal areas, and the existence of the protection forests can improve the local soil morphology more or less, but has some defects.
The existing protection forest has the following problems in construction: the seedlings can be transplanted to the saline-alkali soil after repeated culture and treatment, and the culture time is too long; (II) the survival rate of seedlings is lower; thirdly, multiple fertilization is needed in the seedling cultivation process, so that the cost is increased; and (IV) the tree types of the protection forest are single or the classification setting is unreasonable, and wind prevention and sand fixation cannot be realized at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the planting method of the stepped protection forest in the saline-alkali soil is provided, forest seedlings can be directly planted on the saline-alkali soil through the transformation of the saline-alkali soil, the survival rate of the seedlings is greatly improved, the setting is reasonable, the wind prevention and sand fixation capabilities are strong, only one-time fertilization is needed within one year, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
Digging strip-shaped ditches according to the planting mode of the protection forest;
② dredging and insolating the seabed
Blowing the seabed sludge to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch for washing, insolating and ploughing;
thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
Placing the exposed seabed sludge into a strip-shaped ditch;
(2) planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the inner saxifrage planting area, the middle red snowberry planting area and the outer pomegranate planting area;
secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3-4 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2-0.3 m, and then land leveling is carried out; leveling a land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass, performing drill seeding with the row spacing of 35-40 cm, covering soil with a light rake after seeding for 1-2 cm, and sowing the tiger tail grass at the sowing amount of 2-4 kg per hectare;
thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the brook period of the tiger tail is over, the tiger tail is harvested and ploughed and buried under the soil, the ploughing depth of a specific tiger tail planting area is 0.2-0.3 m, the ploughing depth of a red-snowflake planting area is 0.6-0.8 m, and the ploughing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7-1.0 m;
(3) planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The method comprises the following steps of (1) digging a pit on a single red Xuefruit plant, wherein the size of the pit is (40-60) cm multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth multiplied by (40-60) cm multiplied by (35-55) cm; the size of a single-plant planting pit of the pomegranate is long multiplied by width multiplied by depth multiplied by (60-80) cm multiplied by (40-60) cm, the plant spacing of the red cedar fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m;
making furrows with the width of 60cm and the height of 40-50 cm for the saxifrage planting areas, reserving 50-60 cm saxifrage planting areas between adjacent furrows, and enabling the row spacing of the planted plants of the saxifrage to be 40cm multiplied by 40 cm;
② transplantation of sapling
After 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snowberry and the flower pomegranate into corresponding planting pits, wherein the red snowberry selects annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the flower pomegranate selects annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass with 5-6 leaves are planted into a tiger tail grass planting area;
(4) compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
Ditching and fertilizing the planted red snowberry and pomegranate, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a crown by taking a young tree as the center, covering soil is applied after a saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, and a saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied to the furrow of a damnacanthus planting area, and the fertilizing depth is 0.1-0.2 m;
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 30-45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 5-10 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 5-8 parts of ferrous nitrate, 7-10 parts of shell powder and 6-8 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation steps of the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer are as follows:
a: crushing mineral humus at normal temperature and normal pressure by a grinder, and then adjusting by an airflow classifier to obtain mineral humus ultrafine powder with the particle size of 1-20 microns;
b: exposing the pond sludge in the sun, and drying in the sun to prepare pond sludge powder, wherein the granularity of the pond sludge powder is controlled to be 5-50 mu m;
c: drying bagasse in the sun until the water content is below 5%, and then grinding the bagasse by a grinder to obtain bagasse powder with the particle size of 10-55 mu m;
d: drying and crushing shell, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder;
e: taking 200-250 g of fresh castanopsis sclerophylla leaves, soaking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaves in water for 1-3 hours, cleaning, draining off surface water, adding 200-400 g of water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50-60 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200-300W and ultrasonic frequency of 25-35 kHz, centrifuging at 4000-6000 revolutions/for 20-30 minutes, and filtering supernatant by adopting 800-mesh filter cloth to obtain the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract;
f: heating and melting ferrous nitrate particles to obtain ferrous nitrate molten liquid, pouring the castanopsis sclerophylla extract obtained in the step E into the ferrous nitrate molten liquid, uniformly stirring, cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid mixed material, and crushing the mixed material to control the particle size to be 60-85 mu m;
g: and C, mixing the materials in the steps A to F with a soil moisture preserving agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer.
In the preferable technical scheme, in the first step of the step (1), the depth of the trench of the strip-shaped trench is 0.8-1.0 m, and the width is 50-60 m.
And (3) in the third step (1), the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped trench is 0.8-1.2 m higher than that of the soil outside the strip-shaped trench.
As an optimal technical scheme, the fertilizing amount per mu of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grasses in the step (4) is 20-60 kg.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a planting method of a stepped protection forest of saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, planting area division, green manure treatment, seedling planting and saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer application, wherein the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 30-45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 5-10 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 5-8 parts of ferrous nitrate, 7-10 parts of shell powder and 6-8 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract, the sea mud at the bottom of the sea is blown and filled into a protected forest planting area of the saline-alkali soil through land preparation, so that the problem of difficult soil source of the foreign soil of the saline-alkali soil is solved, after washing, dead bodies of rotten fishes and shrimps and the like in the sea mud can provide required nutrients for the growth of protected forest seedlings, meanwhile, the protected forest planting area is divided into an inner tiger tail grass planting area, a middle red snow fruit planting area and an outer flower pomegranate area, wherein the height of the tiger tail grass can reach more than 70cm, the height of the red snow fruits can reach more than 2m, the height of the flower pomegranate can reach about 4m, and the wind speed can be greatly reduced by combining higher red snow fruits and flower pomegranates, due to the reduction of wind speed and the weakening of wind power, the temperature of air and soil can be effectively adjusted, the freezing injury is reduced, the frost-free period is prolonged, the growth of crops is facilitated, the air humidity can be improved, the evaporation capacity is reduced, and the frequency of dry weather is reduced, so that microclimate is effectively improved. The saxifrage can reduce the desertification of soil while reducing the wind speed at the low position, plays roles of fixing sand and water, and greatly improves the effect of the protection forest by the cooperation of the saxifrage, the damnacanthus chinensis and the water. Meanwhile, the fruits of the pomegranate and the red snow fruits can bring certain economic effect, in addition, the pomegranate has extremely strong pollution resistance, and the protection forest can also adapt to coastal areas with serious pollution.
The green manure is planted before the nursery stocks of the protection forest are planted, so that the adaptability of the nursery stocks to the saline-alkali soil is adjusted, and the fertility of the later-stage saline-alkali soil can be greatly improved. The saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer applied only needs to be applied once a year for the landform of the saline-alkali soil, the fertilizer efficiency is long, the saline-alkali soil can be continuously improved, the once survival rate of the nursery stock of the protection forest is high after the compound fertilizer is used, the 95% survival rate is reached, the growth cycle of the nursery stock is shortened, the compound fertilizer can grow for 2-3 years, and the effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.8m, and the width of each ditch is 50 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.8m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 35cm wide, covering soil with a light rake after sowing by 1cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a sowing amount of 2kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.2m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.6m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of each pit of the individual red snow fruit is multiplied by the width and the depth by 40cm multiplied by 35 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the specific fertilizing depth of the red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a tree crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied in the furrow of a tiger tail grass planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, and the single-acre fertilizing amount of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grass is 40 kg.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15 parts of pond sludge, 10 parts of bagasse, 30 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 5 parts of a soil moisture retention agent, 5 parts of ferrous nitrate, 7 parts of shell powder and 6 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract.
Example 2
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of the ditches is 0.9m, and the width of the ditches is 55 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.9m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.25m, and then land leveling is carried out; the entire strip-shaped ditch is planted with the tiger-tail grass after the land table is leveled, the row spacing is 37cm wide, the row spacing is drill seeding, the soil covering thickness of the light rake after seeding is 1.5cm, and the seeding amount per hectare is 3 kg.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.25m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.7m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.8 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length, the width and the depth of a single plant of the red snow fruit are 50cm, 50cm and 45 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 70cm multiplied by 50cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snowberries and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a forest nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the specific fertilizing depth of the red snowberries and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, saline-alkali soil is applied in furrows of a damnacanthus spicatus planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, and the fertilizing amount per mu of the red snowberries, the flower pomegranates and the damnacanthus spicatus is 40 kg.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 17 parts of pond sludge, 12 parts of bagasse, 35 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 7 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 7 parts of ferrous nitrate, 9 parts of shell powder and 7 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract.
Example 3
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 1.0m, and the width of each ditch is 60 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed, so that salt is fully separated out.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 1.0m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.3m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 40cm wide, covering soil on the light rake after sowing by 2cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a quantity of 4kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.3m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.8m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 1.0 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of a single-plant pit of the red snow fruit is 60cm, the width of the pit is multiplied by the depth of the pit, and the depth of the pit is multiplied by 60cm, multiplied by 55 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 80cm multiplied by 60cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the specific fertilizing depth of the red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a tree crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied in the furrow of a tiger tail grass planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, and the single-acre fertilizing amount of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grass is 40 kg.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20 parts of pond sludge, 15 parts of bagasse, 45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 10 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 8 parts of ferrous nitrate, 10 parts of shell powder and 8 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract.
Example 4
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer of the embodiments 1 to 3 comprises the following preparation steps:
a: crushing mineral humus at normal temperature and normal pressure by a grinder, and then adjusting by an airflow classifier to obtain mineral humus ultrafine powder with the particle size of 1-20 microns;
b: exposing the pond sludge in the sun, and drying in the sun to prepare pond sludge powder, wherein the granularity of the pond sludge powder is controlled to be 5-50 mu m;
c: drying bagasse in the sun until the water content is below 5%, and then grinding the bagasse by a grinder to obtain bagasse powder with the particle size of 10-55 mu m;
d: drying and crushing shell, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder;
e: taking 200-250 g of fresh castanopsis sclerophylla leaves, soaking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaves in water for 1-3 hours, cleaning, draining off surface water, adding 200-400 g of water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50-60 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200-300W and ultrasonic frequency of 25-35 kHz, centrifuging at 4000-6000 revolutions/for 20-30 minutes, and filtering supernatant by adopting 800-mesh filter cloth to obtain the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract;
f: heating and melting ferrous nitrate particles to obtain ferrous nitrate molten liquid, pouring the castanopsis sclerophylla extract obtained in the step E into the ferrous nitrate molten liquid, uniformly stirring, cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid mixed material, and crushing the mixed material to control the particle size to be 60-85 mu m;
g: and C, mixing the final materials in the steps A to F with a soil moisture preserving agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer.
Control group 1
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.8m, and the width of each ditch is 50 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.8m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 35cm wide, covering soil with a light rake after sowing by 1cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a sowing amount of 2kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.2m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.6m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of each pit of the individual red snow fruit is multiplied by the width and the depth by 40cm multiplied by 35 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Application of composite fertilizer
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is about 20cm when the red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates are applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the fertilizing depth of the specific red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, compound fertilizer is applied in furrows of a tiger tail grass planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, the fertilizing amount per mu of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grass is 40kg, and watering is carried out after planting.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the compound fertilizer is a pure sulfur-based compound fertilizer produced by Meikahua ecological agriculture (Weifang) Limited company, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15-5-10) are more than or equal to 30 percent, organic matters are more than or equal to 25 percent, high-activity bacteria are more than or equal to 2 hundred million/gram, ammonium humate and potassium humate (chelating peptide is more than or equal to 6 percent), free humic acid is more than or equal to 4 percent, and chitin, fish protein and compound bacteria metabolic enzyme are specially added.
Control group 2
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Firstly, digging earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.8m, and the width of each ditch is 50 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.8m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 35cm wide, covering soil with a light rake after sowing by 1cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a sowing amount of 2kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.2m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.6m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of each pit of the individual red snow fruit is multiplied by the width and the depth by 40cm multiplied by 35 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Application of composite fertilizer
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is about 20cm when the red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates are applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the fertilizing depth of the specific red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, compound fertilizer is applied in furrows of a tiger tail grass planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, the fertilizing amount per mu of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grass is 40kg, and watering is carried out after planting.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the compound fertilizer for the landscaping nursery stocks is selected from a compound fertilizer with the application number of CN201611026226.4, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-33 parts of crop fiber, 6-11 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 1-3 parts of diatomite, 3-5 parts of urea, 15-22 parts of tea extract, 2.5-6 parts of biogas residue, 15-21 parts of sawdust, 7-12 parts of river sand, 15-32 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1.2-3.4 parts of seedling strengthening agent, 1.3-2.4 parts of organic auxiliary material, 2.5-4.8 parts of medical stone powder, 2.1-3.8 parts of compound vitamin water solution, 6-11 parts of microorganism bacteria and the balance of water.
Control group 3
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Firstly, digging earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 0.8m, and the width of each ditch is 50 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed silt
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.8m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 35cm wide, covering soil with a light rake after sowing by 1cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a sowing amount of 2kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.2m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.6m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of each pit of the individual red snow fruit is multiplied by the width and the depth by 40cm multiplied by 35 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
② transplantation of sapling
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Applying base fertilizer
Farmyard manure is applied only after planting nursery stocks, the mixture ratio of human and animal excrements with the water content of 60 percent to straws is 3:1, a decomposition agent is added for fermentation for more than 10 days to obtain base manure, the average temperature of a fermented object is more than 55 ℃, and the using amount of the base manure per mu is 1500 kg.
Control group 4
A planting method of a stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
And digging strip-shaped ditches along the length direction of the saline-alkali soil according to the planting mode of the protection forest, wherein the depth of each ditch is 1.0m, and the width of each ditch is 60 m.
② dredging and insolating the seabed
The seabed sludge is blown to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch to be washed for three times by fresh water, and then is exposed and ploughed to fully analyze the salt.
Thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
And (3) placing the treated seabed sludge into the strip-shaped ditch, wherein the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 1.0m higher than that of the original soil.
(2) Planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the width of the inner saxifrage planting area is 15m, the width of the middle red snowberry planting area is 15m, and the width of the outer pomegranate planting area is 20 m.
Secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.3m, and then land leveling is carried out; and (3) leveling the land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass on the whole strip-shaped ditch, performing drill sowing with the row spacing of 40cm wide, covering soil on the light rake after sowing by 2cm in thickness, and sowing the tiger tail grass in a quantity of 4kg per hectare.
Thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the period of time of the flower of the tiger tail, the tiger tail grass is harvested and plowed and buried under the soil, the plowing depth of a specific tiger tail grass planting area is 0.3m, the plowing depth of a red-snowberry planting area is 0.8m, and the plowing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 1.0 m.
(3) Planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The length of a single-plant pit of the red snow fruit is 60cm, the width of the pit is multiplied by the depth of the pit, and the depth of the pit is multiplied by 60cm, multiplied by 55 cm; the size of the digging pit for planting the single plant of the pomegranate is 80cm multiplied by 60cm, the plant spacing of the red snow fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m; furrows with the width of 60cm and the depth of 40cm are made in the saxifrage planting areas, 50cm of saxifrage planting areas are reserved between adjacent furrows, the planting row spacing of the saxifrage is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the row spacing between adjacent seedlings is 50 cm.
Transplantation of saplings
And after 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snow fruits and the seedlings of the pomegranate in corresponding planting pits, wherein the seedlings of the red snow fruits are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the seedlings of the pomegranate are selected from annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass are selected from seedlings with 5-6 leaves and planted in a tiger tail grass planting area.
(4) Compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
The method comprises the steps of ditching and fertilizing the planted red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, the specific fertilizing depth of the red snow fruits and the flower pomegranates is 20cm, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a tree crown by taking a sapling as the center, the width of the arc-shaped ditch is 40cm, soil is covered after saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied in the furrow of a tiger tail grass planting area, the fertilizing depth is 10cm, and the single-acre fertilizing amount of the red snow fruits, the flower pomegranates and the tiger tail grass is 40 kg.
Immediately watering after the planting of the nursery stock to fully combine the root system of the nursery stock with the soil, selecting a strong and straight trunk for the ornamental value of the nursery stock, finally cultivating and weeding for 2-3 times,
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20 parts of pond sludge, 15 parts of bagasse, 45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 10 parts of a soil moisture preserving agent, 8 parts of ferrous nitrate and 10 parts of shell powder.
Selecting 700 square meters of 7 test fields of the saline-alkali soil of the Shandong Weifang coastal area, and measuring soil property indexes as follows: PH: 8.2, salt content: 0.59%, water content: 10.2%, PH after soil preparation by step (1): 7.1, salt content: 0.25%, water content: 13.8%, taking examples 1-3 as experimental group, taking pure sulfur-based compound fertilizer produced by makehua ecological agriculture (Weifang) Limited company as control group 1, taking compound fertilizer for garden greening nursery stock with application number CN201611026226.4 as control group 2, taking farmyard manure as control group 3, taking control group 4 without castanopsis sclerophylla extract, and counting salt content, water content and survival rate of nursery stock in soil at the same depth after the nursery stock is planted for one year to obtain the following results:
from the above table, by adopting the planting method of the stepped protection forest for saline-alkali soil and applying the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer, the salt content in the soil can be continuously reduced, the water content is improved, the soil quality of the soil is greatly improved, in addition, under the action of the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer, the survival rate of various nursery stocks is greatly improved, only one-time fertilization is needed all the year round, the fertilizer efficiency is long, the cost of later maintenance and seedling supplement is reduced, in addition, under the action of the stepped protection forest for saline-alkali soil, the wind prevention and sand fixation effects are furthest achieved, and the landform of the saline-alkali soil is favorably improved.
Claims (4)
1. A planting method of a stepped shelter forest for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil preparation
Excavating earth from original soil
Digging strip-shaped ditches according to the planting mode of the protection forest;
② dredging and insolating the seabed
Blowing the seabed sludge to the vicinity of the strip-shaped ditch for washing, insolating and ploughing;
thirdly, backfilling the seabed sludge
Placing the exposed seabed sludge into a strip-shaped ditch;
(2) planting area division and green manure treatment
Dividing planting areas of the strip-shaped ditches along the width direction, and specifically dividing the planting areas into: the inner saxifrage planting area, the middle red snowberry planting area and the outer pomegranate planting area;
secondly, deeply ploughing and ploughing soil in the strip-shaped ditch, and planting the tiger-tail grass; the specific measures are that in 3-4 months, strip-shaped ditches are ploughed, the depth of ploughed soil is 0.2-0.3 m, and then land leveling is carried out; leveling a land table surface, planting the tiger tail grass, performing drill seeding with the row spacing of 35-40 cm, covering soil with a light rake after seeding for 1-2 cm, and sowing the tiger tail grass at the sowing amount of 2-4 kg per hectare;
thirdly, in 9-10 months, after the brook period of the tiger tail is over, the tiger tail is harvested and ploughed and buried under the soil, the ploughing depth of a specific tiger tail planting area is 0.2-0.3 m, the ploughing depth of a red-snowflake planting area is 0.6-0.8 m, and the ploughing depth of a flower pomegranate planting area is 0.7-1.0 m;
(3) planting of nursery stock
Digging and field planting
The method comprises the following steps of (1) digging a pit on a single red Xuefruit plant, wherein the size of the pit is (40-60) cm multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth multiplied by (40-60) cm multiplied by (35-55) cm; the size of a single-plant planting pit of the pomegranate is long multiplied by width multiplied by depth multiplied by (60-80) cm multiplied by (40-60) cm, the plant spacing of the red cedar fruit is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the plant spacing of the pomegranate is 1m multiplied by 1 m;
making furrows with the width of 60cm and the height of 40-50 cm for the saxifrage planting areas, reserving 50-60 cm of saxifrage planting areas between adjacent furrows, and enabling the row spacing of the planted plants of the saxifrage to be 40cm multiplied by 40 cm;
② transplantation of sapling
After 10 months, planting the seedlings of the red snowberry and the flower pomegranate into corresponding planting pits, wherein the red snowberry selects annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 40-50 cm, the flower pomegranate selects annual healthy seedlings with strong plants and no plant diseases and insect pests, the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.0 m, and the seedlings of the tiger tail grass with 5-6 leaves are planted into a tiger tail grass planting area;
(4) compound fertilizer applied to saline-alkali soil
Ditching and fertilizing the planted red snowberry and pomegranate, wherein the fertilizing depth is to be applied to a tree nutrition root system centralized distribution layer, an arc-shaped ditch is dug under the projection of a crown by taking a young tree as the center, covering soil is applied after a saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied, and a saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer is applied to the furrow of a damnacanthus planting area, and the fertilizing depth is 0.1-0.2 m;
the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 30-45 parts of mineral source humus ultrafine powder, 5-10 parts of soil moisture retention agent, 5-8 parts of ferrous nitrate, 7-10 parts of shell powder and 6-8 parts of castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract;
the preparation steps of the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer are as follows,
a: crushing mineral humus at normal temperature and normal pressure by a grinder, and then adjusting by an airflow classifier to obtain mineral humus ultrafine powder with the particle size of 1-20 microns;
b: exposing the pond sludge in the sun, and drying in the sun to prepare pond sludge powder, wherein the granularity of the pond sludge powder is controlled to be 5-50 mu m;
c: drying bagasse in the sun until the water content is below 5%, and then grinding the bagasse by a grinder to obtain bagasse powder with the particle size of 10-55 mu m;
d: drying and crushing shell, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain shell powder;
e: taking 200-250 g of fresh castanopsis sclerophylla leaves, soaking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaves in water for 1-3 hours, cleaning, draining off surface water, adding 200-400 g of water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50-60 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200-300W and ultrasonic frequency of 25-35 kHz, centrifuging at 4000-6000 revolutions/for 20-30 minutes, and filtering supernatant by adopting 800-mesh filter cloth to obtain the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf extract;
f: heating and melting ferrous nitrate particles to obtain ferrous nitrate molten liquid, pouring the castanopsis sclerophylla extract obtained in the step E into the ferrous nitrate molten liquid, uniformly stirring, cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid mixed material, and crushing the mixed material to control the particle size to be 60-85 mu m;
g: and C, mixing the materials in the steps A to F with a soil moisture preserving agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil compound fertilizer.
2. The planting method of the stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the first step of the step (1), the trench depth of the strip-shaped trench is 0.8-1.0 m, and the width is 50-60 m.
3. The planting method of the stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the third step, the height of the soil in the backfilled strip-shaped ditch is 0.8-1.2 m higher than that of the soil outside the strip-shaped ditch.
4. The planting method of the stepped shelter forest in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the fertilizing amount per mu of the red snow fruits, the pomegranate flowers and the tiger tail grasses is 20-60 kg.
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