CN112299896A - Application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field and recycling - Google Patents
Application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field and recycling Download PDFInfo
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- CN112299896A CN112299896A CN202011096556.7A CN202011096556A CN112299896A CN 112299896 A CN112299896 A CN 112299896A CN 202011096556 A CN202011096556 A CN 202011096556A CN 112299896 A CN112299896 A CN 112299896A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field for reutilization, which belongs to the technical field of application of returning to field, and the application technology comprises the following procedures: (1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables from rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables in a manual screening mode, (2) pretreating the rotten vegetables: the rotten vegetables are crushed manually or mechanically, and the solanaceous vegetables are crushed into fine particles or crushed leaves; (3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, taking the excrement of the pigs as a main component, mixing the excrement of the pigs into the crushed leaf filtrate, then adding an inorganic fertilizer, an organic acid, lignite, tobacco powder and a microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank for fermentation, and (4) extracting the used fertilizer, so as to utilize resources of the rotten vegetables, reduce waste and avoid environmental pollution, wherein the prepared organic fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for the cultivated vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of application technology of returning solanaceous vegetables, in particular to an application technology of returning solanaceous vegetables to the field for reutilization.
Background
In the existing planting bases, in solanaceous fruit vegetable planting bases and farmer markets, a large number of solanaceous fruit vegetables generally cannot be eaten to sell rotten vegetables, the utilization rate of the vegetables is low, the rotten solanaceous fruit vegetables cannot be fed to livestock due to deterioration, the utilization rate of the rotten vegetables in the prior art is low, and the solanaceous fruit vegetables stacked together can cause odor to pollute the environment due to deterioration. Therefore, an application technology that solanaceous vegetables are returned to the field and can be reused is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to the field for reutilization, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field for reuse, which comprises the following steps:
(1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the crushed particles or crushed leaves, firstly finishing crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to enable the moisture content of the crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 30-45%, then taking the crushed particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed particles in an airing or machine drying mode, enabling the water content of the dried crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 5-25%, then carrying out secondary crushing, directly packaging the crushed particles or vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after the crushing, reserving for later use, and collecting liquid water extruded by a solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, taking pig excrement as a main component, mixing the pig excrement into a crushed leaf filtrate, adding an inorganic fertilizer, an organic acid, lignite, tobacco powder and a microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the fermentation tank outdoors for reaction and fermentation, ensuring the fermentation temperature to be 60-80 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and fermentation, cooling, and keeping the stirring process in the cooling process so that the vegetable leaves in the liquid are fully rotted to prepare an organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after the preparation is accomplished is extracted it, and the extraction in-process is extracted to the container car through the pump in, at the in-process of extraction, can set up filter equipment in the extraction equipment, and filter equipment can filter the extraction to great granule and metallic substance in the organic fertilizer, filters impurity such as precipitate after extracting and accomplishes the processing through the mode of washing, and the sewage after the washing is then purified it through sewage chemical treatment for the discharged water can not the polluted environment.
Further, in the step (3), 50-70 parts of biological manure, 30-40 parts of water, 20-40 parts of crushed leaf filtrate, 10-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of organic acid, 15-25 parts of lignite, 5-10 parts of tobacco powder and 3-7 parts of microbial fertilizer are used.
Furthermore, the filtering device in the step (4) is a filtering net rack and a filtering cotton net which are movably arranged at the pumping port, and the filtering net rack can be disassembled and assembled on the inner wall of the pumping port.
Furthermore, in the step (2), a machine for crushing and extruding the solanaceous vegetables is an integrated mechanism, and the driving mode adopts hydraulic driving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the rotten vegetables are subjected to solid-liquid separation through crushing and extrusion, the filtrate is mixed into the septic tank, then the rotten vegetables are crushed and added into the fermentation tank for fermentation, and are mixed with excrement to prepare the organic fertilizer, so that the rotten vegetables are better utilized, the waste is reduced, the environmental pollution is avoided, and the prepared organic fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for the cultivated vegetables.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: an application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field for reuse, which comprises the following steps:
(1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the steps of crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the particles or crushed leaves, crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to ensure that the moisture content is 30-45%, taking the particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed leaves in an airing or machine drying mode, drying the dried particles or crushed leaves to ensure that the moisture content is 5-25%, crushing for the second time, directly packaging the crushed particles or crushed vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after crushing, packaging the dried and crushed leaves which are not deteriorated, feeding livestock by the packaged vegetable particles for later use, then collecting liquid water extruded by the solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, taking pig excrement as a main component, mixing the pig excrement into a crushed leaf filtrate, adding an inorganic fertilizer, an organic acid, lignite, tobacco powder and a microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the fermentation tank outdoors for reaction and fermentation, ensuring the fermentation temperature to be 60-80 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and fermentation, cooling, and keeping the stirring process in the cooling process so that the vegetable leaves in the liquid are fully rotted to prepare an organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after the preparation is accomplished is extracted it, and the extraction in-process is extracted to the container car through the pump in, at the in-process of extraction, can set up filter equipment in the extraction equipment, and filter equipment can filter the extraction to great granule and metallic substance in the organic fertilizer, filters impurity such as precipitate after extracting and accomplishes the processing through the mode of washing, and the sewage after the washing is then purified it through sewage chemical treatment for the discharged water can not the polluted environment.
Further, in the step (3), 50-70 parts of biological manure, 30-40 parts of water, 20-40 parts of crushed leaf filtrate, 10-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of organic acid, 15-25 parts of lignite, 5-10 parts of tobacco powder and 3-7 parts of microbial fertilizer are used.
Furthermore, the filtering device in the step (4) is a filtering net rack and a filtering cotton net which are movably arranged at the pumping port, and the filtering net rack can be disassembled and assembled on the inner wall of the pumping port.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the machine for crushing and extruding the solanaceous vegetables is an integrated mechanism, and the driving mode adopts hydraulic driving
The first embodiment is as follows: (1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the crushed particles or crushed leaves, firstly finishing crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to enable the moisture content of the crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 30-45%, then taking the crushed particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed particles in an airing or machine drying mode, enabling the water content of the dried crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 5-25%, then carrying out secondary crushing, directly packaging the crushed particles or vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after the crushing, reserving for later use, and collecting liquid water extruded by a solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding 50 parts of biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, taking pig excrement as a main component, mixing the liquid with 20 parts of crushed leaf filtrate, adding 10 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 2 parts of organic acid, 15 parts of lignite, 5 parts of tobacco leaf powder and 3 parts of microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the mixed fermentation tank outdoors for reaction and fermentation, ensuring the fermentation temperature to be 60 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and fermenting, cooling the liquid, and keeping the stirring process in the cooling process so that the vegetable leaves in the liquid are fully rotten to prepare the organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after preparation is extracted into the container truck through a pump in the extraction process, a filtering device can be arranged in the extraction equipment in the extraction process, the filtering device can filter and extract larger particles and metal substances in the organic fertilizer, impurities such as precipitates and the like after filtering and extracting are treated in a flushing mode, and the cleaned sewage is purified through sewage chemical treatment, so that the discharged water cannot pollute the environment;
example two: (1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the crushed particles or crushed leaves, firstly finishing crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to enable the moisture content of the crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 30-45%, then taking the crushed particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed particles in an airing or machine drying mode, enabling the water content of the dried crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 5-25%, then carrying out secondary crushing, directly packaging the crushed particles or vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after the crushing, reserving for later use, and collecting liquid water extruded by a solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding 60 parts of biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, mixing the liquid with 35 parts of crushed leaf filtrate by taking pig excrement as a main component, then adding 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 3.5 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of lignite, 7.5 parts of tobacco powder and 5 parts of microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the mixed fermentation tank outdoors for reaction fermentation, ensuring that the fermentation temperature is 70 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and cooling the liquid, standing and fermenting the fertilizer for 15 to 20 days to fully rot vegetable leaves therein, thereby preparing the organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after preparation is extracted into the container truck through a pump in the extraction process, a filtering device can be arranged in the extraction equipment in the extraction process, the filtering device can filter and extract larger particles and metal substances in the organic fertilizer, impurities such as precipitates and the like after filtering and extracting are treated in a flushing mode, and the cleaned sewage is purified through sewage chemical treatment, so that the discharged water cannot pollute the environment;
example three: (1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the crushed particles or crushed leaves, firstly finishing crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to enable the moisture content of the crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 30-45%, then taking the crushed particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed particles in an airing or machine drying mode, enabling the water content of the dried crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 5-25%, then carrying out secondary crushing, directly packaging the crushed particles or vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after the crushing, reserving for later use, and collecting liquid water extruded by a solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding 70 parts of biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, mixing the liquid with 40 parts of crushed leaf filtrate by taking pig excrement as a main component, then adding 30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5 parts of organic acid, 25 parts of lignite, 10 parts of tobacco powder and 7 parts of microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the mixed fermentation tank outdoors for reaction fermentation, ensuring the fermentation temperature to be 70 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and fermenting, cooling the liquid, keeping the stirring process in the cooling process, standing and fermenting the fertilizer for 15 to 20 days to fully rot vegetable leaves in the liquid, thereby preparing the organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after the preparation is accomplished is extracted it, and the extraction in-process is extracted to the container car through the pump in, at the in-process of extraction, can set up filter equipment in the extraction equipment, and filter equipment can filter the extraction to great granule and metallic substance in the organic fertilizer, filters impurity such as precipitate after extracting and accomplishes the processing through the mode of washing, and the sewage after the washing is then purified it through sewage chemical treatment for the discharged water can not the polluted environment.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. An application technology for returning solanaceous vegetables to field for reutilization is characterized in that: the application technology comprises the following steps:
(1) screening solanaceous vegetables: separating good vegetables and rotten vegetables in the solanaceous vegetables by a manual screening mode, and then selecting the rotten vegetables to be placed aside for standby;
(2) pretreating rotten vegetables: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing rotten vegetables by a worker or a machine, crushing the solanaceous vegetables into fine particles or crushed leaves, extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves by the machine, extruding moisture in the crushed particles or crushed leaves, firstly finishing crushing and extruding the crushed particles or crushed leaves to enable the moisture content of the crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 30-45%, then taking the crushed particles and crushed leaves out, drying the crushed leaves or crushed particles in an airing or machine drying mode, enabling the water content of the dried crushed particles or crushed leaves to be 5-25%, then carrying out secondary crushing, directly packaging the crushed particles or vegetables by a vacuum packaging device after the crushing, reserving for later use, and collecting liquid water extruded by a solanaceous vegetable crusher for later use;
(3) preparing a fermented fertilizer: adding biological excrement into the collected crushed liquid, taking pig excrement as a main component, mixing the pig excrement into a crushed leaf filtrate, adding an inorganic fertilizer, an organic acid, lignite, tobacco powder and a microbial fertilizer into a mixed fermentation tank, fully mixing and stirring, placing the fermentation tank outdoors for reaction and fermentation, ensuring the fermentation temperature to be 60-80 ℃ in the fermentation process, adding a small amount of solanaceous fruit vegetable liquid containing excrement into the fermentation tank again when the temperature is raised to the highest temperature, stirring and mixing, heating and fermenting again, cooling the liquid to room temperature after three to five times of mixing, stirring and fermentation, cooling, and keeping the stirring process in the cooling process so that the vegetable leaves in the liquid are fully rotted to prepare an organic fertilizer;
(4) the fertilizer after the preparation is accomplished is extracted it, and the extraction in-process is extracted to the container car through the pump in, at the in-process of extraction, can set up filter equipment in the extraction equipment, and filter equipment can filter the extraction to great granule and metallic substance in the organic fertilizer, filters impurity such as precipitate after extracting and accomplishes the processing through the mode of washing, and the sewage after the washing is then purified it through sewage chemical treatment for the discharged water can not the polluted environment.
2. The application technology of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), 50-70 parts of biological manure, 30-40 parts of water, 20-40 parts of crushed leaf filtrate, 10-30 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of organic acid, 15-25 parts of lignite, 5-10 parts of tobacco powder and 3-7 parts of microbial fertilizer are adopted.
3. The application technology of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the filtering device in the working procedure (4) is a filtering net rack and a filtering cotton net which are movably arranged at the pumping port, and the filtering net rack can be disassembled and assembled on the inner wall of the pumping port.
4. The application technology of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the machine for crushing and extruding the solanaceous vegetables is an integrated mechanism, and the driving mode adopts hydraulic driving.
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Application publication date: 20210202 |