CN112293336A - Domestication system and method for adult wild cyprinus carpio - Google Patents
Domestication system and method for adult wild cyprinus carpio Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293336A CN112293336A CN202011418433.0A CN202011418433A CN112293336A CN 112293336 A CN112293336 A CN 112293336A CN 202011418433 A CN202011418433 A CN 202011418433A CN 112293336 A CN112293336 A CN 112293336A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/02—Combinations of filters of different kinds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a domestication system for adult wild cyprinus carpio, which comprises a cement pond, at least one filter tank and a temporary rearing tank, wherein the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank are arranged above the cement pond in parallel; one end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water inlet pipe, the bottom of the other end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water outlet which is arranged towards the cement pond, and a water level pipe is in threaded connection with the upper part of the water outlet; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet pump in the cement pond; the water outlet of the temporary rearing tank is connected with a water outlet pipe, a branch pipe connected with a cement pond drainage main pipe is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and a filtering device is arranged in the temporary rearing tank. Realizing the large-scale and standardized domestication of the adult wild cyprinus carpio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a domestication system for adult wild cyprinus carpio.
Background
Tip naked carp (oxygynocypris stewartii) belongs to the order Cyprinales, the family Cyprinidae, the subfamily Schizothorax bigelovii, commonly known as the rassa whitefish, inhabits in plateau water area with the altitude of 3600 meters above, is a special variety of China, and is only distributed in the midstream of Yalu Tibetan Bujiang river and tributaries thereof. The food habits of Gymnocypris acuminata are different from those of other Lasahe fish species, the Gymnocypris acuminata is mainly eaten by other fishes and aquatic insects, the meat quality is good, the lipid content is high, and the Gymnocypris acuminata is one of the main economic fishes in the Tibet region. After the 50 s of the 20 th century, the population quantity thereof is sharply reduced with the increasing fishing strength. Gymnocypris acuminata is classified as a first-level key point to protect aquatic wild animals in the autonomous region of Tibet in 2006, and is also classified as an endangered protection species in the book of Chinese endangered animal Red skin.
In order to protect, develop and utilize the valuable resource, some scientific research teams and Tibetan minority farms develop the artificial breeding research work of the cyprinus carpio. The invention patent CN111642428A discloses an indoor cement pond high-density cultivation method for Gymnocypris, which is suitable for large-scale artificial cultivation of Gymnocypris but not suitable for domestication of adult Gymnocypris, and currently, no report is found for domestication of adult Gymnocypris, and the method is still in the bottleneck of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a domestication system of wild cyprinus carpio adult fish aiming at the domestication problem of the wild cyprinus carpio adult fish, which carries out targeted domestication according to the characteristics of the wild cyprinus carpio, has strong operability and good practical applicability, can realize large-scale and standardized domestication of the wild cyprinus carpio, promotes the development of the Tibetan wild cyprinus carpio breeding industry, and effectively protects wild cyprinus carpio resources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a domestication system for adult wild cyprinus carpio comprises a cement pond, at least one filter tank and a temporary rearing tank, wherein the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank are arranged above the cement pond in parallel; one end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water inlet pipe, the bottom of the other end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water outlet which is arranged towards the cement pond, and a water level pipe is in threaded connection with the upper part of the water outlet; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet pump in the cement pond, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is positioned above one end of the filter tank or the temporary culture tank, and an oxygen increasing air pump is arranged in the cement pond; the water outlet of the temporary rearing tank is connected with a water outlet pipe, a branch pipe connected with a cement pond drainage main pipe is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and a filtering device is arranged in the temporary rearing tank.
The filter tank is internally divided into a primary filter area, a secondary filter area, a tertiary filter area, a quaternary filter area and a first drainage area in sequence according to the water flow direction by four groups of partition plates, the partition plates are composed of an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate which are parallel to each other, the upper partition plate is close to the water inlet pipe, the upper end of the upper partition plate is higher than the water surface, the lower end of the upper partition plate is far away from the tank bottom, the lower partition plate is close to the water outlet, the lower end of the lower partition plate is tightly attached to the tank bottom, the upper end of the lower partition plate is higher than the lower end of the upper partition plate and higher than the water level pipe, the upper part of the primary filter area.
Preferably, the top of the primary filtering area is provided with filtering gauze, and filtering cotton is arranged below the filtering gauze; the lower parts of the second-stage filtering area, the third-stage filtering area and the fourth-stage filtering area are all provided with biochemical cotton or biochemical felts, and the upper parts of the two-stage filtering area, the third-stage filtering area and the fourth-stage filtering area are all paved with coral sand.
The top of the primary filtering area is provided with filtering gauze which can filter large-particle solid impurities, reduce the working pressure of a nitration system, reduce the cleaning frequency of filtering cotton, and ensure smooth water passing through the filtering gauze which needs to be cleaned regularly; the lower part is filter cotton which can filter small-particle solid impurities and reduce the working pressure of nitrobacteria, and the nitrobacteria is also required to be cleaned regularly to ensure smooth water passing. The 2-4 level filtering area is a biochemical area, biochemical cotton or biochemical felt is used as a main filter material, so that the attachment area of nitrobacteria and the like can be increased, and metabolic wastes such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body can be decomposed; coral sand laid on the upper part can fix the position of biochemical materials, prevent floating, and can be used for improving the pH value of the water body and preventing the peracid of the long-term circulating aquaculture water body. Set up 3 biochemical district, compromise convenient operation and two higher demands of water treatment efficiency, furthest has utilized the filter-tank space.
The temporary rearing tank is sequentially divided into a water inlet area, a rearing area and a second drainage area according to the water flow direction by two separation gauzes, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is positioned above the water inlet area, and the water outlet is positioned in the second drainage area; the two separation gauzes are far away as possible, and the filter device is arranged in the culture area.
The filter device can be a gas lift filter device or a small submersible filter pump and can be opened when no water enters so as to ensure that the water quality of the water body in the tank is good in a long time.
Preferably, the mesh aperture of the filtering gauze and the separating gauze is 1-1.5 mm. The meshes cannot be too large, otherwise, the isolation effect cannot be achieved; and the water plugging amount cannot be too small, otherwise, the water plugging is too easy, and the workload is increased. Usually, the mesh with the diameter of 1-1.5mm can meet the requirement, and can be adjusted according to the density, feeding amount, cleanness of the culture environment and the like of the fish.
The invention keeps the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water body in the cement pond not higher than 0.5mg/L and the nitrite concentration not higher than 0.05 mg/L.
The water inlet pump of the filter tank is positioned at the bottom of the cement tank, so that waste deposited at the bottom of the tank is sucked up as much as possible; the water inlet pump of the temporary culture tank is 5-10 cm higher than the bottom of the cement pond, so that waste at the bottom of the cement pond is not sucked up as much as possible; dark opaque plastic pipes are placed in the cement pond to be hidden by Gymnocypris przewalskii, so that fishes can feel safe as far as possible.
The filter tank and the temporary culture tank are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, and the glass fiber reinforced plastic materials are light, low in cost, sufficient in strength and free of adverse effects on water quality.
The invention also provides a domestication method of the wild cyprinus carpio adult fish, which comprises the following steps:
A. disinfection and epidemic prevention
Closing a water inlet pump of the temporary rearing tank to ensure that the temporary rearing tank is not communicated with the water body of the cement pond, starting a filtering device, placing the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii which is just caught in the temporary rearing tank, sprinkling and soaking 20ppm of oxytetracycline solution in the whole pond in the temporary rearing tank, changing water in the temporary rearing tank 1 time every day, changing to medicated bath soaking, changing water after the medicated bath soaking, and sprinkling and soaking the oxytetracycline again for 3 days continuously; gentamicin is injected daily for at least 3 consecutive times to prevent infection;
preferably, the medicated bath is used for soaking the fish body in a solution containing 15 per mill of salt and 1 per mill of soda water for 30min, so that wound inflammation and saprolegniasis are effectively prevented.
The body surface of the newly captured wild Gymnocypris przewalskii is often injured, the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii is not suitable for artificial breeding environment, and temporary breeding in a temporary breeding tank is needed for a period of time. So as to facilitate observation, medication and the like and facilitate the production of a running water environment. The disinfection and epidemic prevention method can prevent wound inflammation and saprolegniasis at the same time.
Preferably, the temporary rearing tank is covered with a cover for rearing to prevent jumping out.
Preferably, the water level pipe of the temporary rearing tank is pulled out each time water is changed, the liquid medicine is discharged out of the cement pond through the branch pipe, the water inlet pump is opened when the water level of the temporary rearing tank is low, the residual liquid medicine is flushed out, the water level pipe is inserted again, and new water is put in. Can better keep the concentration of the medicine and the like and ensure the treatment effect.
B. Food taming opening
After disinfection and epidemic prevention, opening a water inlet pump and a water outlet of the temporary rearing tank to enable the temporary rearing tank to be communicated with the water body of the cement pond in a circulating manner, closing a filtering device, observing the running water environment for 5-7 days, and if no infection exists, transferring the running water environment into the cement pond and starting to domesticate and eat; feeding with fresh and live baits at the initial stage, gradually transferring to iced fresh baits after stable ingestion, further transferring to artificial compound feed, and polyculturing with cultured fishes strongly snatching to induce ingestion; the wild fish can be actively taken, and when the wild fish is kept healthy without taking medicine within one month, the wild fish is moved into a large pool for long-term culture.
The flow rate of the water in the temporary culture tank can be flexibly adjusted according to the density of temporarily cultured fish, the bait feeding amount and the like, and good water quality and sufficient dissolved oxygen can be kept.
Wild Gymnocypris przewalskii is pure carnivorous fish, has poor acceptance to human mouth compound feed, is fed by fresh and live baits such as live plateau loach and live bread worm in the initial stage, and can gradually change to dried shrimps and high-protein artificial compound feed after stable ingestion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. wild Gymnocypris przewalskii lives in a flowing cold water area, and the traditional method adopts a running water breeding mode, namely a mode that fresh water enters at one end and is discharged at the other end. This method consumes a large amount of water, cannot maintain the concentration of the drug or the like, and does not satisfy the initial requirement of domestication. The system can flexibly switch the running water and circulating water culture modes at any time, does not use the long running water culture mode, and can keep the salinity and the drug concentration of the culture water body as required; and at the initial stage of domestication, the fish is more convenient to disinfect, observe and the like, and the using process also saves water and medicines.
2. The traditional method is the long-running water culture, the water quality is kept by continuously flushing new water, the water consumption is large, and the medicine concentration is difficult to keep. The system is provided with the filter tank device, and can keep good water quality for a long time under the condition that the fish culture density is not high. The temporary rearing tank has small volume, and is convenient for various operations such as fish fishing, injection, feeding habit domestication, observation and the like at the early period of domestication. The temporary culture tank and the filter tank are simple to erect and flexible, and the number and the positions of the temporary culture tank and the filter tank can be selected according to actual needs and can be removed at any time.
3. The newly captured wild Gymnocypris przewalskii has the defects that the body surface is often damaged, the artificial breeding environment is not suitable, temporary breeding in a temporary breeding tank is needed for a period of time, so that the observation, the medication and the like are convenient, and the flowing water environment is convenient to manufacture. The disinfection epidemic prevention method can prevent wound inflammation and saprolegniasis at the same time, and has high survival rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wild cyprinus carpio adult fish domesticating system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the filter tank.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the temporary rearing tank.
Labeled as: 1. a cement pit; 2. a filter tank; 3. a temporary rearing tank; 4. a water inlet pipe; 5. a drain pipe; 6. a water inlet pump; 7. a water level pipe; 8. a water outlet; 10. a separation screen; 11. filtering gauze; 12. filtering cotton; 13. coral sand; 14. biochemical cotton; 21. a primary filtration zone; 22. a secondary filtration zone; 23. a third stage filtration area; 24. a four-stage filtration zone; 25. a first drainage zone; 31. a water inlet area; 32. a breeding area; 33. a second drain region; 34. a filtration device; 51. a branch pipe; 91. an upper partition plate; 92. a lower baffle plate.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and specifically illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described by the following embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the practice of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the domestication system for adult wild cyprinus carpio comprises a cement pond 1, at least one filter tank 2 and a temporary rearing tank 3, wherein the filter tank 2 and the temporary rearing tank 3 are arranged above the cement pond 1 in parallel; one end of each of the filter tank 2 and the temporary rearing tank 3 is provided with a water inlet pipe 4, the bottom of the other end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water outlet 8 which is arranged towards the cement pond 1, and a water level pipe 7 is in threaded connection with the upper part of the water outlet 8; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 4 is connected with a water inlet pump 6 in the cement pond 1, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 4 is positioned above one end of the filter tank 2 or the temporary culture tank 3, and an oxygenation air pump is arranged in the cement pond 1; the water outlet of the temporary rearing tank 3 is connected with a water outlet pipe 5, a branch pipe 51 connected with a water outlet main pipe of the cement pond 1 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 5, and a filtering device 34 is arranged in the temporary rearing tank 3.
The filter tank 2 and the temporary rearing tank 3 can be provided with 1 to a plurality of filter tanks according to the needs, water is pumped into one end of the filter tank 2 from the cement pool 1 by the water inlet pump 6, and the water flows back to the cement pool 1 from the other end after passing through various filter materials in the filter tank 2. Water is pumped into one end of the temporary culture tank 3 from the cement pond by a water inlet pump 6, flows back to the cement pond from the other end of the temporary culture tank 3, and closes the filtering device 34, so that the water body of the temporary culture tank is circularly communicated with the water body of the cement pond, and the water flowing in the temporary culture tank is cultured; the water inlet pump 6 of the temporary rearing tank is closed, the filtering device 34 is opened, and the temporary rearing tank is used for still water rearing, so that the medicine taking is convenient. The water level pipe 7 is in threaded connection with the upper portion of the water outlet 8, the branch pipe 51 connected with the main drainage pipe of the cement pond is arranged on the drainage pipe 5 of the temporary rearing tank 3, the water level pipe 7 is convenient to pull out, liquid medicine in the temporary rearing tank 3 is discharged from the branch pipe 51, water is convenient to change, and water in the cement pond 1 cannot be polluted.
Example 2
This example is based on example 1:
as shown in fig. 2, divide into first grade filtering area 21, second grade filtering area 22, tertiary filtering area 23, level four filtering area 24 and first drainage district 25 according to the rivers direction in proper order through four division boards in the filter tank 2, the division board comprises last baffle 91 and the lower baffle 92 that is parallel to each other, it is close to inlet tube 4 to go up baffle 91, and the upper end of going up baffle 91 is higher than the surface of water, and the lower extreme and the tank bottom of going up baffle 91 have a distance, lower baffle 92 is close to outlet 8, and the tank bottom is hugged closely to the lower extreme of lower baffle 92, and the upper end of lower baffle 92 is higher than the lower extreme of last baffle 91 and is higher than water level pipe 7, the top of first grade filtering area 21 is equipped with the delivery port of inlet tube 4, be provided with in the first.
The arrangement of the upper partition plate 91 and the lower partition plate 92 helps to control water flow to enter a gap between the upper partition plate 91 and the lower partition plate 92 from the bottom end of the upper partition plate 91 and then enter the next region from the top end of the lower partition plate 92, so that the water flow in each region flows from top to bottom towards the water outlet, and the water body is fully filtered in each region.
Example 3
This example is based on example 2:
the top of the primary filtering area 21 is provided with a filtering gauze 11, and a filtering cotton 12 is arranged below the filtering gauze 11; the lower parts of the secondary filtering area 22, the tertiary filtering area 23 and the quaternary filtering area 24 are all provided with biochemical cotton 14, and the upper parts are all paved with coral sand 13.
The mesh aperture of the filtering gauze 11 is 1-1.5 mm.
The water inlet pump of the filter tank 1 is positioned at the bottom of the cement pool 1, and the water inlet pump of the temporary culture tank 3 is 7 cm higher than the bottom of the cement pool 1.
The invention keeps the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water body in the cement pond not higher than 0.5mg/L and the nitrite concentration not higher than 0.05mg/L, and keeps the water body clean through the filter tank.
Example 4
This example is based on example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, the temporary rearing tank 3 is sequentially divided into a water inlet area 31, a rearing area 32 and a second water drainage area 33 by two separation gauzes 10 according to the water flow direction, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 4 is positioned above the water inlet area 31, and the water outlet 8 is positioned in the second water drainage area 33; the two separating screens 10 are as far apart as possible, and the filter device 34 is arranged in the culture area 32.
The separation screen 10 separates a culture area in the temporary culture tank 3, so that large-particle impurities can be prevented from entering the culture area, and fish can be prevented from being discharged from the water outlet.
The mesh aperture of the separation gauze 10 is 1-1.5 mm.
The filter unit 34 may be a conventional gas lift filter unit for aquatic products or a small submersible filter pump, which can be opened when there is no water intake to ensure circulation of water in the tank and good water quality for a long time.
Example 5
This example is based on example 3:
the water inlet pump of the filter tank 1 is positioned at the bottom of the cement pool 1, the water inlet pump of the temporary culture tank 3 is 5 centimeters higher than the bottom of the cement pool 1, and a dark opaque plastic pipe is placed in the cement pool 1 and used for the tip naked carp to hide.
Example 6
This example is based on example 1:
the water inlet pump of the filter tank 1 is positioned at the bottom of the cement pool 1, and the water inlet pump of the temporary culture tank 3 is 10 centimeters higher than the bottom of the cement pool 1.
The filter tank and the temporary rearing tank are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, and the glass fiber reinforced plastic materials are light, low in cost, sufficient in strength and free of adverse effects on water quality.
Example 7
The invention also provides a domestication method of the wild cyprinus carpio adult fish, which comprises the following steps:
A. disinfection and epidemic prevention
Closing a water inlet pump of the temporary rearing tank to ensure that the temporary rearing tank is not communicated with the water body of the cement pond, starting a filtering device, placing the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii which is just caught in the temporary rearing tank, sprinkling and soaking 20ppm of oxytetracycline solution in the whole pond in the temporary rearing tank, changing water in the temporary rearing tank 1 time every day, changing to medicated bath soaking, changing water after the medicated bath soaking, and sprinkling and soaking the oxytetracycline again for 3 days continuously; gentamicin is injected daily for at least 3 consecutive times to prevent infection;
B. food taming opening
After disinfection and epidemic prevention, opening a water inlet pump and a water outlet of the temporary rearing tank to enable the temporary rearing tank to be communicated with the water body of the cement pond in a circulating manner, closing a filtering device, observing the running water environment for 5-7 days, and if no infection exists, transferring the running water environment into the cement pond and starting to domesticate and eat; feeding with fresh and live baits at the initial stage, gradually transferring to iced fresh baits after stable ingestion, further transferring to artificial compound feed, and polyculturing with cultured fishes strongly snatching to induce ingestion; the wild fish can be actively taken, and when the wild fish is kept healthy without taking medicine within one month, the wild fish is moved into a large pool for long-term culture.
Example 8
This example is based on example 7:
the temporary rearing tank is covered for rearing; the medicated bath is prepared by soaking fish body in solution containing 15 ‰ salt and 1 ‰ sodium bicarbonate for 30 min.
Example 9
This example is based on example 7:
when water is changed every time, the water level pipe of the temporary rearing tank is pulled out, the liquid medicine is discharged out of the cement pond through the branch pipe, when the water level of the temporary rearing tank is low, the water inlet pump is opened, the residual liquid medicine is flushed, the water level pipe is inserted again, and new water is put in.
The tip naked carp is a wild fish peculiar to Tibet, and the time for carrying out artificial domestication is short, so that the traditional domestication method is a simpler and less systematic domestication process; the method is mainly carried out in a long-running water fish pond, fish is fished out and soaked in 15 per thousand of saline water for bathing the fish body in the early period of domestication every day, bait feeding is started and eating conditions are observed after three consecutive days, most of individuals are found to be fed in a common culture pond after eating, and the method is almost not different from other culture methods of schizothorax bigelovii which is special in Tibet. However, in fact, the Gymnocypris cyprinii belongs to a species which is difficult to domesticate compared with other schizothorax carps, diseases are more, the food habits are more single, the domestication mortality rate of the traditional method is extremely high, and only a few fishes in a batch of fishes can live for more than half a year.
60 wild gymnocypris przewalskii kom are respectively placed in 2 temporary rearing ponds, one temporary rearing pond adopts the domestication system and method provided by the invention, the other temporary rearing pond adopts a traditional domestication method for experimental comparison, 7 wild gymnocypris przewalskii kom are killed in 2 months by domestication of the method provided by the invention, and the domestication survival rate is 88.33%.
Before domestication
After domestication
Domestication survival rate
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A domestication system for adult wild cyprinus carpio is characterized by comprising a cement pond, at least one filter tank and a temporary rearing tank, wherein the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank are arranged above the cement pond in parallel; one end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water inlet pipe, the bottom of the other end of each of the filter tank and the temporary rearing tank is provided with a water outlet which is arranged towards the cement pond, and a water level pipe is in threaded connection with the upper part of the water outlet; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet pump in the cement pond, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is positioned above one end of the filter tank or the temporary culture tank, and an oxygen increasing air pump is arranged in the cement pond; the water outlet of the temporary rearing tank is connected with a water outlet pipe, a branch pipe connected with a cement pond drainage main pipe is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and a filtering device is arranged in the temporary rearing tank.
2. The system for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtering tank is divided into a first filtering area, a second filtering area, a third filtering area, a fourth filtering area and a first draining area by four groups of partition plates in sequence according to the water flow direction, the partition plates are composed of an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate which are parallel to each other, the upper partition plate is close to the water inlet pipe, the upper end of the upper partition plate is higher than the water surface, the lower end of the upper partition plate is spaced from the tank bottom, the lower partition plate is close to the water level pipe, the lower end of the lower partition plate is close to the tank bottom, the upper end of the lower partition plate is higher than the lower end of the upper partition plate and higher than the water level pipe, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is arranged above.
3. The domestication system of adult wild cyprinus carpio as claimed in claim 2, wherein a filtering gauze is arranged at the top of the primary filtering area, and a filtering cotton is arranged below the filtering gauze; the lower parts of the second-stage filtering area, the third-stage filtering area and the fourth-stage filtering area are all provided with biochemical cotton or biochemical felts, and the upper parts of the two-stage filtering area, the third-stage filtering area and the fourth-stage filtering area are all paved with coral sand.
4. The system for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio according to claim 1, wherein the temporary rearing tank is sequentially divided into a water inlet area, a rearing area and a second water drainage area by two separation screens according to the water flow direction, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is positioned above the water inlet area, and the water outlet is positioned in the second water drainage area; the two separation gauzes are far away as possible, and the filter device is arranged in the culture area.
5. The system for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the mesh aperture of the filtering gauze and the separating gauze is 1-1.5 mm.
6. The system for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet pump of the filter tank is positioned at the bottom of a cement pond, the water inlet pump of the temporary culture tank is 5-10 cm higher than the bottom of the cement pond, and a dark opaque plastic pipe is placed in the cement pond to be hidden by cyprinus carpio.
7. The system for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water body in the cement pond is not higher than 0.5mg/L, and the nitrite concentration is not higher than 0.05 mg/L.
8. The method for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
A. disinfection and epidemic prevention
Closing a water inlet pump of the temporary rearing tank to ensure that the temporary rearing tank is not communicated with the water body of the cement pond, starting a filtering device, placing the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii which is just caught in the temporary rearing tank, sprinkling and soaking 20ppm of oxytetracycline solution in the whole pond in the temporary rearing tank, changing water in the temporary rearing tank 1 time every day, changing to medicated bath soaking, changing water after the medicated bath soaking, and sprinkling and soaking the oxytetracycline again for 3 days continuously; gentamicin is injected daily for at least 3 consecutive times to prevent infection;
B. food taming opening
After disinfection and epidemic prevention, opening a water inlet pump and a water outlet of the temporary rearing tank to enable the temporary rearing tank to be communicated with the water body of the cement pond in a circulating manner, closing a filtering device, observing the running water environment for 5-7 days, and if no infection exists, transferring the running water environment into the cement pond and starting to domesticate and eat; feeding with fresh and live baits at the initial stage, gradually transferring to iced fresh baits after stable ingestion, further transferring to artificial compound feed, and polyculturing with cultured fishes strongly snatching to induce ingestion; the wild fish can be actively taken, and when the wild fish is kept healthy without taking medicine within one month, the wild fish is moved into a large pool for long-term culture.
9. The method for domesticating adult wild cyprinus carpio according to claim 8, wherein the temporary rearing tank is raised by covering; the medicated bath is prepared by soaking fish body in solution containing 15 ‰ salt and 1 ‰ sodium bicarbonate for 30 min.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water level pipe of the temporary rearing tank is removed and the chemical liquid is discharged to the outside of the cement pond through the branch pipe each time water is changed, and the water inlet pump is turned on when the water level of the temporary rearing tank is low, so that the residual chemical liquid is flushed out, the water level pipe is reinserted, and new water is added.
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