CN112285319A - Determining device for determining flow of upper-type dripper of underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water - Google Patents
Determining device for determining flow of upper-type dripper of underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/52—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring the height of the fluid level due to the lifting power of the fluid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device for determining the flow of an on-pipe dripper of an underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of soil water, which comprises a water tank and a soil tank, wherein experimental soil is arranged in the soil tank, a centrifugal pump is connected onto the water tank, the water outlet end of the centrifugal pump is connected with a first ball valve and a second ball valve in parallel, the first ball valve is connected with the water tank through a pipeline, an electronic pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline where the second ball valve is arranged, the pipeline where the second ball valve is arranged is connected with a capillary, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the capillary, the on-pipe dripper is arranged on each small hole, a plug is fixed at the tail end of the capillary, a first hose is arranged on the on-pipe dripper, a tee is arranged at the tail end of the first hose, a pressure measuring row is arranged on one side of the tee, the other side of the tee extends into the experimental soil. The invention can accurately measure the flow of the underground dripper and the positive pressure of soil water for calculating the actual working pressure of the dripper after the underground burying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural water-saving irrigation, and particularly relates to a measuring device for determining the flow of an upper-type dripper of an underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of soil water.
Background
With the continuous development of economic society, the problem of water resource shortage in China is more and more serious, and the crisis of agricultural water utilization is urgent, so that the improvement of agricultural water utilization efficiency and the reduction of water resource waste become the hot spots of modern agricultural research. The development and popularization of the high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technology are important ways and means for solving the water resource shortage. The underground drip irrigation technology belongs to local irrigation, can effectively reduce the intercropping evaporation of crops, and is one of the most water-saving irrigation modes recognized at present.
Under the condition of underground drip irrigation, the drippers are buried in soil, the water outlets of the drippers are wrapped by the soil, and the flow of the drippers cannot be directly subjected to water receiving test by a container. In addition, in the irrigation process, when soil enters a ponding infiltration stage, namely the soil infiltration rate is smaller than the water supply rate of the drippers, soil water can form positive pressure hs (soil water positive pressure) near the drippers, the flow rate of the drippers is reduced, the actual working pressure H corresponding to the flow rate of the buried drippers is influenced by the positive pressure hs of the soil water as well as the head water supply pressure H0', namely H ═ H1'-hs＝(H0'-ΔH1'±ΔH2') -hs. The calculation method of H1 'is consistent with the above ground surface drip irrigation, the flow q' of the underground drippers cannot be accurately obtained, so that the item Delta H1 'in H1' cannot be calculated, and in addition, the soil water positive pressure hs is related to various factors such as the flow of the drippers, the physical characteristics of the soil, the water content of the soil and the like, and cannot be calculated by a formula. Therefore, how to accurately measure the flow q' of the dripper after being buried and the positive pressure hs of the soil water becomes the key for calculating the actual working pressure of the buried dripper.
The current methods for testing the flow of the underground dripper mainly comprise two methods: a weight method test (CN104729845B) and a Mariotte method test (CN 104351018B). During the weighing method test, because the drip irrigation zone linkage effect exists among a plurality of containing barrels, the quality change monitoring of a single containing barrel can be influenced, and errors may exist in the test result. In addition, the drip irrigation tape in the invention is buried in soil in a section, and is different from the actual situation that the drip irrigation tape in a field is buried in soil in a whole root, and the soil water positive pressure under the ground buried dripper can not be obtained. The Marfan bottle method cannot test the positive pressure of soil water, in addition, the Marfan bottle is used for supplying water to the buried drippers, the flow of the drippers is calculated through the volume change of water in the Marfan bottle in unit time, and in actual engineering, if the flow of the drippers under the working pressure (10 meters) commonly used by an underground drip irrigation system needs to be tested, the Marfan bottle needs to be increased to the height of 10 meters, and the operation is difficult. In addition, because the mahalanobis bottle is used for supplying water independently, the buried drip irrigation tape needs to be cut off, the integrity of the drip irrigation system is damaged, and the risk of breakage and water leakage of the drip irrigation tape is increased.
Aiming at the problems, the invention needs to invent a testing device which has simple structure, convenient operation and convenient assembly, can accurately test the flow and the positive pressure of soil water after the drippers are buried in indoor experiments or in actual field engineering,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the actual working environment of the underground dripper is inconsistent, the influence of positive pressure of soil water is neglected or the operation is difficult and the like in the existing testing method, and provides a measuring device for determining the flow rate of the overhead dripper of an underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of the soil water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a measuring device for determining the flow rate of an upper-type dripper of an underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of soil water comprises a water tank and a soil tank, experimental soil is arranged in the soil box, a centrifugal pump is connected to the water tank, a first ball valve and a second ball valve are connected in parallel at the water outlet end of the centrifugal pump, the first ball valve is connected with the water tank through a pipeline, an electronic pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline where the second ball valve is arranged, the pipeline where the second ball valve is arranged is connected with a capillary, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the capillary, an on-pipe type dripper is arranged on each small hole, a plug is fixed at the tail end of the capillary, a first hose is arranged on the pipe-on-pipe type dripper, a tee joint is arranged at the tail end of the first hose, a pressure measuring row is arranged on one side of the tee joint, the other side extends to through the second hose in the experimental soil of soil box, install glass rotameter on the second hose.
In the above scheme, the pipeline where the second ball valve is located is provided with the filter.
In the scheme, the diameter-variable straight-through is arranged between the capillary and the pipeline where the second ball valve is located.
In the scheme, the bottom ends of the tee joint and the soil box are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
In the scheme, the soil box is a box body made of an acrylic cuboid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention can quickly, simply and directly measure the flow rate after the dripper is buried and the positive pressure of the soil water around the dripper, the drip irrigation pipe is always buried in the soil in the test, the height of the drip irrigation pipe is consistent with the initial working environment, the test precision of the flow rate and the working pressure of the dripper is high, and the invention has important scientific significance for evaluating the water performance under the buried condition of the dripper and evaluating the irrigation uniformity of the underground drip irrigation system. (2) The experimental soil in the glass box and the on-pipe drippers on the capillary are utilized to simulate the drip irrigation pipe environment buried in soil in practical application, and the flow and the positive pressure of soil water around the drippers can be conveniently and quickly monitored in real time after the drippers are buried. (3) The testing device provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, the assembly is convenient, the flow and the soil water positive pressure after the dripper is buried can be accurately tested in both indoor experiments and actual field engineering, and the defects that the current testing method is inconsistent with the actual working environment of the buried dripper, the influence of the soil water positive pressure is ignored, the operation is difficult and the like are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the bottom of the tee joint, pressure measuring row and the bottom of the soil box.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison between the flow rate measured by the present invention and the flow rate obtained by the weighing method under the condition of 2L/h flow rate.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison between the flow rate measured by the present invention and the flow rate obtained by the weighing method under the condition of 4L/h flow rate.
In the figure, 1 is a water tank, 2 is a first ball valve, 3 is a second ball valve, 4 is a filter, 5 is an electronic pressure sensor, 6 is a centrifugal pump, 7 is a reducing straight-through, 8 is a plug, 9 is an on-pipe dripper, 10 is a soil box, 11 is a glass rotameter, 12 is a pressure measuring row, 13 is a tee joint, 14 is a main pipe, 15 is a capillary pipe, 16 is a first hose, and 17 is a second hose.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for determining the flow rate of the upper-type dripper of the underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of soil water comprises a water tank 1 and a soil box 10, wherein the soil box 10 is a rectangular box made of acrylic materials, experimental soil is arranged in the soil box 10, and in the embodiment of the invention, the soil in a glass box in a laboratory adopts a layered filling method: filling soil into the glass box 10 in a layered mode, wherein the filling step of each layer of soil comprises the steps of soil drying, soil screening, soil weighing, water adding and uniform draining, soil filling, soil surface smoothing, compaction, hole punching on the soil surface, compaction again until the thickness of the soil layer reaches a set value, rough edges are scratched on the soil surface, and the next layer of soil is filled. The water tank 1 is connected with a centrifugal pump 6, the water outlet end of the centrifugal pump 6 is connected with a first ball valve 2 and a second ball valve 3 in parallel, the first ball valve 2 is connected with the water tank 1 through a pipeline, a filter 4 and an electronic pressure sensor 5 are arranged on a pipeline where the second ball valve 3 is arranged, the pipeline where the second ball valve 3 is located is connected with the capillary 15 through the reducing straight-through 7 (aiming at different test conditions, the first hoses 16 with different diameters are selected, the reducing straight-through 7 can be matched with the first hoses 16 with different diameters), a plurality of small holes are arranged on the capillary 15, the on-pipe dripper 9 is arranged on each small hole, a plug 8 is fixed at the tail end of the capillary 15, the pipe-on-pipe type dripper 9 is provided with a first hose 16, the tail end of the first hose 16 is provided with a tee 13, and the tee 13 and the bottom end of the soil box 10 are positioned on the same horizontal plane. Pressure measuring row 12 is installed to tee bend 13 one side, and the other side extends to through second hose 17 in the experimental soil in soil box 10, install glass rotameter 11 on the second hose 17.
As shown in figure 2, the bottom of the tee joint and the pressure measuring row are on the same reference plane with the bottom of the soil box, and the reading of the pressure measuring row is equal to the sum of the vertical distance from the second hose 17 in the soil to the bottom of the soil box and the positive pressure of soil water. (second hose in soil placed horizontally) water flow always conforms to the energy conversion and conservation formula during movement as follows:
wherein: z is the position head of water,
in the case of a pressure head of water,
is the flow velocity head, hwIs head loss.
Head losses are generally small and negligible. The flow of the two sections is the same, the area is the same, so the flow velocity water head is also ignored. Thus, in this experiment:
will be provided with
Is defined as the pressure head at the tee joint 13, namely the reading of the pressure measuring row, namely the vertical distance from the tee joint to the bottom of the pressure measuring row,
is the positive pressure of the outlet of the on-pipe dripper; defining the reference line as the bottom of the pressure bar, z1 is the vertical distance from the tee to the bottom of the pressure bar, and z2 is the vertical distance from the exit point of the dripper on the pipe to z. If the bottom of the tee joint and the pressure measuring row and the bottom of the soil box are on the same datum plane (at the same height), z is2The vertical distance from the second hose in the soil to the bottom of the soil box.
Filling soil into the soil box by adopting a laboratory layered filling method or a field soil sampling method, and placing a second hose in the soil in the glass box to construct and simulate a real soil environment; three outlets of the tee joint are respectively connected with the outlet end of the on-pipe type dripper 9, the pressure measuring row 12 and the pipeline of the glass rotameter 11; connecting the tail end of a first hose 16 with a second hose in the soil box, and opening a switch of a centrifugal pump 6 to inject water into the soil box when the bottom of a pressure measuring row 12 and the bottom of the soil box are positioned on the same plane; and observing the glass rotameter 11 and the pressure measuring row 12, recording data of unit time, and starting the test of the flow of the on-pipe type dripper and the positive pressure of soil water.
The working process is as follows: filling soil into an upper soil box by adopting a laboratory layered filling method or a field soil sampling method, and placing a second hose in the previous step into the soil 15cm away from the upper soil box; before the experiment begins, the second hose 17 in the soil box 10 is disconnected with the joint of the tee joint; placing the soil box on a flat ground, turning on a switch of a centrifugal pump 6, adjusting a first ball valve 2 and a second ball valve 3, determining the experimental water pressure according to the reading of an electronic pressure sensor 5, opening a second hose 17, and starting to inject water into the soil box; the glass rotameter 11 and the pressure measuring bar 12 were observed, the data per unit time was recorded, and the flow rate of the inline dripper 9 and the positive pressure of soil water were started. A diameter-variable straight-through 7 is connected behind the electronic pressure sensor 5, a capillary 15 is arranged on a diameter-variable outlet of the diameter-variable straight-through 7, a small hole is arranged on the capillary 15, and an upper pipe-type dropper 9 is arranged; wherein, the glass rotameter 11 can be any glass rotameter with the precision meeting the requirement on the market; the pressure measuring bar 12 can be any pressure measuring tube which can reach the required pressure height in the market, and the pressure measuring bar required by the experiment can be formed by assembling on the vertical wood plate, and the actual flow can also be measured by a flowmeter. In practice, the soil box 10 used in the experiment can be omitted in the field experiment, and the pipeline at the outlet of the dripper is directly buried into the ground to the required depth.
The actual flow of the underground drip irrigation emitter calculated by the traditional weighing method is adopted in the experiment to check the flow measured by the glass rotameter, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the flow measured by the two glass rotameters is almost equal to the actual flow, so that the actual flow of the underground drip irrigation emitter flow can be measured by adopting the glass rotameters.
Claims (5)
1. Confirm survey device of formula dripper flow and soil water malleation on drip irrigation pipe, its characterized in that, includes water tank (1) and soil box (10), be provided with experimental soil in the soil box (10), be connected with centrifugal pump (6) on water tank (1), the play water end of centrifugal pump (6) is parallelly connected to have first ball valve (2) and second ball valve (3), first ball valve (2) pass through the pipeline with water tank (1) is connected, install electronic pressure sensor (5) on the pipeline that second ball valve (3) were located, the pipeline that second ball valve (3) were located is connected with hollow billet (15), be provided with a plurality of apertures on hollow billet (15), formula dripper (9) are installed on every aperture on the pipe, the end of hollow billet (15) is fixed with end cap (8), install first hose (16) on formula dripper (9) on the pipe, tee bend (13) are installed to first hose (16) end, pressure measurement row (12) are installed to tee bend (13) one side, and one side extends to through second hose (17) in the experimental soil in soil box (10) in addition, install glass rotameter (11) on second hose (17).
2. The apparatus for determining the flow rate of an above-ground drip irrigation pipe dripper and the positive pressure of soil water according to claim 1, wherein the pipe on which said second ball valve (3) is installed is provided with a filter (4).
3. The apparatus for determining the flow rate of the above-mentioned dripper and the positive pressure of soil water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a variable diameter straight pipe (7) is installed between the capillary (15) and the pipe where the second ball valve (3) is located.
4. The device for determining the flow rate of drippers on underground drip irrigation pipes and the positive pressure of soil water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom ends of said tee (13) and said soil box (10) are located on the same horizontal plane.
5. The device for determining the flow rate of the upper-type dripper of the underground drip irrigation pipe and the positive pressure of soil water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soil box (10) is a rectangular box made of acrylic material.
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| CN202010968932.0A CN112285319B (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Measuring device for determining flow of drip heads on underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water |
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| CN202010968932.0A CN112285319B (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Measuring device for determining flow of drip heads on underground drip irrigation pipe and positive pressure of soil water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114061536A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for measuring deformation and head loss of underground drip irrigation belt |
| CN115299324A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Method for rapidly determining flow of drip irrigation drippers under condition of saline-alkali soil foreign soil hole planting |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114061536A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for measuring deformation and head loss of underground drip irrigation belt |
| CN114061536B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-05-10 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for measuring deformation and head loss of buried drip irrigation belt |
| CN115299324A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Method for rapidly determining flow of drip irrigation drippers under condition of saline-alkali soil foreign soil hole planting |
| CN115299324B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-10-13 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Quick determination method for drip irrigation dripper flow under saline-alkali soil alien soil hole planting condition |
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