CN112271923A - Linear constant current and constant voltage circuit - Google Patents
Linear constant current and constant voltage circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112271923A CN112271923A CN202011173546.9A CN202011173546A CN112271923A CN 112271923 A CN112271923 A CN 112271923A CN 202011173546 A CN202011173546 A CN 202011173546A CN 112271923 A CN112271923 A CN 112271923A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit, which comprises an anode input end IN +, an anode output end OUT +, and a standby switch, a current-voltage adjusting switch and a current sampling circuit which are arranged between the anode input end IN + and the anode output end OUT +, wherein the standby switch comprises a triode Q15, the collector of the triode Q15 is connected with the anode input end IN +, the current-voltage adjusting switch comprises a linear adjusting tube Q8, a linear adjusting tube Q10 and an MOS tube Q3, the emitter of the linear adjusting tube Q8 is connected with the base of the linear adjusting tube Q10, and the collectors of the triode Q8 and the linear adjusting tube Q10 are respectively connected with the emitter of the triode Q15; the drain of the MOS transistor Q3 is connected with the base of the linear adjusting transistor Q8. The cut-off characteristic of the triode is utilized, and the time delay boosting characteristic of the capacitor is combined, so that the short-circuit protection function of the linear constant current circuit is provided on the premise of not increasing the equipment cost and the volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit with a reliable output short-circuit protection function.
Background
When some circuits need to have constant current and constant voltage, a common linear circuit realizes the constant current and constant voltage function by utilizing the work of a triode or an MOS tube in a linear state; the other is a switching circuit, which realizes the constant current and constant voltage function by utilizing a triode or an MOS tube to work in a switching state and controlling the on-off ratio of the triode or the MOS tube. Although the switch type constant current circuit is better than the linear constant current circuit in terms of large current and overall conversion efficiency, the linear constant current circuit has unique advantages in the aspects of load dynamic response, output ripple noise, EMI characteristics, cost and the like, and the defects of large EMI and ripple are overcome. So the use of linear circuits is still preferred in such high speed load change supplies as DALI. The short-circuit protection function of the linear constant-current circuit is one of indispensable functions in the circuit and is of great importance for improving the reliability of the circuit.
In a current commonly used linear constant current circuit, a first-stage linear adjusting tube is generally added at the positive end in the circuit, when the load output positive electrode and the negative electrode of the circuit are short-circuited, the adjusting tube does not stop working, but bears larger power consumption (power consumption is equal to the constant output current of the access voltage X of the adjusting tube), for example, one circuit with 24VDC is output, 12V 0.1A is output, the power consumption on the adjusting tube is about 2.4W when the circuit is short-circuited, the power consumption is 1.2W when the circuit normally works, the power consumption is obviously larger when the circuit is short-circuited, the adjusting tube may be damaged under the condition of long-time continuous short circuit, unless an independent heat radiation system is added on the adjusting tube to improve the problem, but the cost is increased undoubtedly, and the volume of equipment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem of large power consumption when the load output positive electrode and the load output negative electrode of the linear constant current circuit are short-circuited is needed, and the linear constant current and constant voltage circuit with the reliable output short-circuit protection function is provided.
A linear constant current and constant voltage circuit comprises,
the positive circuit comprises a positive input end IN +, a positive output end OUT +, and a standby switch, a current-voltage adjusting switch and a current sampling circuit which are arranged between the positive input end IN + and the positive output end OUT +, wherein the standby switch comprises a triode Q15, the collector of the triode Q15 is connected with the positive input end IN +,
the current and voltage adjusting switch comprises a linear adjusting tube Q8, a linear adjusting tube Q10 and an MOS tube Q3, wherein an emitter of the linear adjusting tube Q8 is connected with a base of the linear adjusting tube Q10, and collectors of the triode Q8 and the linear adjusting tube Q10 are respectively connected with an emitter of the triode Q15; the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q3 is connected with the base electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8;
a negative line including a negative input terminal IN-and a negative output terminal OUT-;
a control circuit including a standby control circuit, an abnormal control circuit and a current constant control circuit, which are arranged between the anode circuit and the cathode circuit, wherein the abnormal control circuit is connected between the anode output end OUT + and the standby control circuit and is connected with a current and voltage adjusting switch, the current constant control circuit is connected between the current sampling circuit and the current and voltage adjusting switch,
the standby control circuit comprises a MOS transistor Q14, a resistor R26 and a capacitor C11, wherein the resistor R26 and the capacitor C11 are respectively connected between the grid and the source of the MOS transistor Q14, the drain of the MOS transistor Q14 is connected with the base of the triode Q15, a capacitor C15 is also connected between the drain and the source of the MOS transistor Q14,
the abnormality control circuit includes a transistor Q11 and a diode D4, an anode of the diode D4 is connected to a collector of the transistor Q11,
a diode D2 is connected between the emitter of the triode Q11 and the emitter of the triode Q15;
and the voltage monitoring circuit is arranged between the positive input end IN + and the negative input end IN-and is respectively connected with the standby control circuit and the abnormal control circuit, the voltage monitoring circuit comprises a triode Q12 and a MOS tube Q13, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q13 is respectively connected with the cathode of the diode D4 and the gate of the MOS tube Q14.
Further, a resistor R29 is connected between an emitter of the triode Q12 and the positive input end IN +, a resistor R31 is connected between a collector of the triode Q12 and the negative input end IN-, a resistor R33 is connected between an emitter of the triode Q12 and a base, and a resistor R34 is connected between a collector of the triode Q12 and a gate of the MOS transistor Q13.
Further, a resistor R39 is connected between the base and the emitter of the triode Q11, the base of the triode Q11 is connected with the positive output end OUT +, and a resistor R32 is connected between the emitter of the triode Q11 and the base of the triode Q12.
Further, an emitter of the linear adjusting tube Q10 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT +; a resistor R50 is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8; a resistor R52 is connected between the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 and the collector of the triode Q12, and a capacitor C34 and a resistor R51 are respectively connected between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q3.
Furthermore, a voltage constant control circuit is connected between the positive output end OUT + and the current-voltage regulation switch.
The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit utilizes the cut-off characteristic of the triode and combines the time delay boosting characteristic of the capacitor, when the circuit outputs abnormal short circuit, the whole circuit is in the protection state of repeated switching, the power consumption and the temperature on the linear adjusting tube are obviously reduced, and the short circuit protection function of the linear constant-current circuit is provided on the premise of not increasing the equipment cost and the volume.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a linear constant current and constant voltage circuit with reliable output short-circuit protection function, including,
the anode line 1 comprises an anode input end IN +, an anode output end OUT +, and a standby switch 6, a current and voltage adjusting switch 7 and a current sampling circuit 8 which are arranged between the anode input end IN + and the anode output end OUT +, wherein the standby switch 6 comprises a triode Q15, the collector of the triode Q15 is connected with the anode input end IN +,
the current and voltage adjusting switch 7 comprises a linear adjusting tube Q8, a linear adjusting tube Q10 and an MOS tube Q3, wherein the emitter of the linear adjusting tube Q8 is connected with the base of the linear adjusting tube Q10, and the collectors of a triode Q8 and a linear adjusting tube Q10 are respectively connected with the emitter of a triode Q15; the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q3 is connected with the base electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8;
a negative electrode line 2 comprising a negative electrode input end IN-and a negative electrode output end OUT-;
the control circuit comprises a standby control circuit 3, an abnormal control circuit 4 and a current constant control circuit 5 which are arranged between an anode circuit 1 and a cathode circuit 2, wherein the abnormal control circuit 4 is connected between an anode output end OUT + and the standby control circuit 3 and is connected with a current-voltage adjusting switch 7, the current constant control circuit 5 is connected between a current sampling circuit 8 and the current-voltage adjusting switch 7, the standby control circuit 3 comprises a MOS tube Q14, a resistor R26 and a capacitor C11, the resistor R26 and the capacitor C11 are respectively connected between a grid electrode and a source electrode of a MOS tube Q14, a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q14 is connected with a base electrode of a triode Q15, and a capacitor C15 is also connected between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q14,
the abnormality control circuit 4 includes a transistor Q11 and a diode D4, an anode of the diode D4 is connected to a collector of the transistor Q11,
a diode D2 is connected between the emitter of the triode Q11 and the emitter of the triode Q15;
and a voltage monitoring circuit 9, which is arranged between the positive input end IN + and the negative input end IN-and is respectively connected with the standby control circuit 3 and the abnormal control circuit 4, wherein the voltage monitoring circuit 9 comprises a triode Q12 and a MOS tube Q13, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q13 is respectively connected with the cathode of the diode D4 and the gate of the MOS tube Q14.
The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit utilizes the cut-off characteristic of the triode and combines the time delay boosting characteristic of the capacitor, when the circuit outputs abnormal short circuit, the whole circuit is in the protection state of repeated switching, the power consumption and the temperature on the linear adjusting tube are obviously reduced, and the short circuit protection function of the linear constant-current circuit is provided on the premise of not increasing the equipment cost and the volume.
The abnormal control circuit 4 is connected with the positive output terminal OUT + to collect the electricity consumption condition on the line, respond to the abnormal conditions of short circuit, open circuit, overload and the like, and then feed back to the current and voltage adjusting switch 7 to play a role of protecting the circuit and reduce the power consumption of the circuit.
The current constant control circuit collects current of the positive output terminal OUT + through the current sampling circuit, and the current and voltage adjusting switch 7 receives signals from the abnormal control circuit and the current constant control circuit, so that current and voltage in a line can be adjusted adaptively in time.
The standby control circuit 3 receives the line voltage change signal from the abnormality control circuit 4 and the voltage monitoring circuit 9, and then feeds the voltage change signal back to the standby switch to trigger the standby switch to enter a protection state of repeated switching, thereby improving the safety of the line.
By utilizing the cut-off characteristic of the triode and combining the time delay boosting characteristic of the capacitor, when the circuit outputs abnormal short circuit, the whole circuit is in the protection state of repeated switching, so that the power consumption and the temperature of the linear adjusting tube are obviously reduced, and the short circuit protection function of the linear constant current circuit is provided on the premise of not increasing the equipment cost and the volume.
Further, a resistor R29 is connected between an emitter of the triode Q12 and the positive input end IN +, a resistor R31 is connected between a collector of the triode Q12 and the negative input end IN-, a resistor R33 is connected between an emitter and a base of the triode Q12, and a resistor R34 is connected between a collector of the triode Q12 and a gate of the MOS transistor Q13. The triode Q12 plays a role in voltage division protection for the triode Q12 by being connected with the resistor R29 and the resistor R31, and the triode Q12 is prevented from being burnt out; and the reference voltage in the off state is provided for the transistor Q12 and the MOS transistor Q13 by the voltage dividing characteristics of the resistor R33 and the resistor R34.
Further, a resistor R39 is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the triode Q11, the base electrode of the triode Q11 is connected with the positive output end OUT +, and a resistor R32 is connected between the emitting electrode of the triode Q11 and the base electrode of the triode Q12. The triode Q11 collects abnormal information of the circuit, and the abnormal condition in the circuit is fed back through the level lifting on the emitter of the triode Q11, so that the structure is simple, and the response is rapid.
Further, an emitting electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q10 is connected with the positive output end OUT +; a resistor R50 is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8; a resistor R52 is connected between the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 and the collector of the transistor Q12, and a capacitor C34 and a resistor R51 are connected between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q3, respectively. The invention uses the capacitor and the resistor to form a current and voltage sampling system, and a self-adaptive linear current and voltage adjusting mechanism is formed by matching with the linear adjusting tube Q10, so that the invention can quickly respond and timely and stably adjust the circuit.
Further, a voltage constant control circuit 10 is connected between the positive output terminal OUT + and the current-voltage adjusting switch 7. The invention utilizes the constant voltage control circuit 10 to form a voltage detection closed loop, maintains the voltage stability in the line and ensures the stable voltage output integrally.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, the transistor Q15 is a standby switch 66, which is in a fully conducting state under the normal operation condition of the circuit, the base of the transistor Q12 monitors the voltage at the a point through a resistor R32, the transistor Q12 is in a cut-off state under the normal condition, the voltage at the a point is reduced when the output is abnormally short-circuited, the voltage at the a point is reduced to turn on the transistor Q12, the transistor Q12 turns on and turns on the MOS Q13 and the MOS Q3 through the collector control, the transistor Q3 turns on and turns off the linear adjusting tube Q8 and the linear adjusting tube Q10 in the current and voltage adjusting switch 77, the transistor Q13 controls the transistor Q14 to be always in a cut-off state, so that the transistor Q15 is in a conducting state, at this time, the linear adjusting tube Q8 and the linear adjusting tube Q10 in the current and voltage adjusting switch 77 are in a closed state, the voltage at the a point starts to rise and charges the capacitor C14 through a resistor R38, and the voltage at both ends rises to a certain, and because the positive output end OUT + and the negative output end OUT-are in a short-circuit state, the triode Q11 is conducted, the triode Q12 is already in a cut-off state at the moment, the collector of the triode Q11 controls the MOS tube Q14 to be in a conducting state through the diode D4 and the resistor R30, the MOS tube Q14 is conducted to force the triode Q15 to be closed, after the triode Q15 is closed, the voltage of the A point is reduced because the subsequent linear constant current circuit is in an opening state, the subsequent linear circuit is closed after the voltage of the A point is reduced, and the protection state of a repeated switching state is entered at the moment.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A linear constant current and constant voltage circuit is characterized by comprising,
the positive circuit comprises a positive input end IN +, a positive output end OUT +, and a standby switch, a current-voltage adjusting switch and a current sampling circuit which are arranged between the positive input end IN + and the positive output end OUT +, wherein the standby switch comprises a triode Q15, the collector of the triode Q15 is connected with the positive input end IN +,
the current and voltage adjusting switch comprises a linear adjusting tube Q8, a linear adjusting tube Q10 and an MOS tube Q3, wherein an emitter of the linear adjusting tube Q8 is connected with a base of the linear adjusting tube Q10, and collectors of the triode Q8 and the linear adjusting tube Q10 are respectively connected with an emitter of the triode Q15; the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q3 is connected with the base electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8;
a negative line including a negative input terminal IN-and a negative output terminal OUT-;
a control circuit including a standby control circuit, an abnormal control circuit and a current constant control circuit, which are arranged between the anode circuit and the cathode circuit, wherein the abnormal control circuit is connected between the anode output end OUT + and the standby control circuit and is connected with a current and voltage adjusting switch, the current constant control circuit is connected between the current sampling circuit and the current and voltage adjusting switch,
the standby control circuit comprises a MOS transistor Q14, a resistor R26 and a capacitor C11, wherein the resistor R26 and the capacitor C11 are respectively connected between the grid and the source of the MOS transistor Q14, the drain of the MOS transistor Q14 is connected with the base of the triode Q15, a capacitor C15 is also connected between the drain and the source of the MOS transistor Q14,
the abnormality control circuit comprises a transistor Q11 and a diode D4, wherein the anode of the diode D4 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q11; a diode D2 is connected between the emitter of the triode Q11 and the emitter of the triode Q15; and
the voltage monitoring circuit is arranged between the positive input end IN + and the negative input end IN-and is respectively connected with the standby control circuit and the abnormal control circuit, the voltage monitoring circuit comprises a triode Q12 and a MOS tube Q13, and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q13 is respectively connected with the cathode of the diode D4 and the gate of the MOS tube Q14.
2. The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit of claim 1, wherein a resistor R29 is connected between an emitter of the transistor Q12 and the positive input terminal IN +, a resistor R31 is connected between a collector of the transistor Q12 and the negative input terminal IN-, a resistor R33 is connected between an emitter and a base of the transistor Q12, and a resistor R34 is connected between a collector of the transistor Q12 and a gate of the MOS transistor Q13.
3. The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein a resistor R39 is connected between the base and the emitter of the transistor Q11, the base of the transistor Q11 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT +, and a resistor R32 is connected between the emitter of the transistor Q11 and the base of the transistor Q12.
4. The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the emitter of the linear regulating transistor Q10 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT +; a resistor R50 is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the linear adjusting tube Q8; a resistor R52 is connected between the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 and the collector of the triode Q12, and a capacitor C34 and a resistor R51 are respectively connected between the gate and the source of the MOS transistor Q3.
5. The linear constant-current constant-voltage circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a constant-voltage control circuit is connected between the positive output terminal OUT + and the current-voltage regulation switch.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011173546.9A CN112271923A (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Linear constant current and constant voltage circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011173546.9A CN112271923A (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Linear constant current and constant voltage circuit |
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| CN202011173546.9A Pending CN112271923A (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Linear constant current and constant voltage circuit |
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| JP2004274305A (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | Constant current pulse output circuit and optical communication device |
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Address after: 1st floor, plant 19-23, Wenming Road, second industrial zone, Shinan District, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province Applicant after: Guangdong Baike power supply Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1st floor, plant 19-23, Wenming Road, second industrial zone, Shinan District, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province Applicant before: Zhongshan Baike power supply Co.,Ltd. |
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| CB02 | Change of applicant information |