CN112242501A - Preparation method and application of zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of functionalized nano materials, and relates to a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Adding potassium permanganate into the mixed solution of graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate, and uniformly stirring; diluting with deionized water under ice-water bath condition; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the obtained diluent, then centrifugally collecting graphene oxide, and diluting the graphene oxide with water to obtain a graphene oxide suspension (GO suspension); placing a metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate suspension; and after removing the zinc sheet, heating the intermediate product turbid liquid to obtain a black solid precipitate product, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, time saving, high efficiency, low cost and mild preparation conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functionalized nano materials, and relates to a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
As an important novel inorganic wide band gap semiconductor functional material, the nano zinc oxide has special properties which can not be achieved by common zinc oxide. For example, due to the characteristics of surface and interface effect, quantum size effect, volume effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, high transparency, high dispersibility and the like, the nano-composite material has a plurality of unique excellent performances in the fields of catalysis, optics, biology, electrochemistry and the like. The zinc oxide quantum dots are used as a nontoxic material and have the potential of becoming a biological marker material, the zinc oxide quantum dots can generate electron-hole pairs after being irradiated by photons with energy larger than the forbidden bandwidth, photoproduction electrons have strong reducibility, and the photoproduction holes have strong oxidizing property and can react with hydroxyl on the surface to generate hydroxyl radicals with very high zinc oxide. The zinc oxide has strong photocatalytic capability, is stable to light, hardly causes light scattering, is acid and alkali resistant, is non-toxic, and is considered to be one of high-activity photocatalysts with great application prospects. The zinc oxide quantum dot has small particle size, easy surface modification and easy dispersion in polymer matrix, so that the zinc oxide quantum dot is an ideal material in the field of light shielding[1]. Therefore, the preparation of the zinc oxide quantum dots with uniform size and stable structure has extremely important significance for the application of the zinc oxide quantum dots in industries such as rubber, paint, plastic, ceramics, catalysts, chemical fibers, electronics, cosmetics, electrochemical energy storage and the like.
Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice structure consisting of a single layer of carbon, and is sp2The honeycomb network structure is formed by arranging high-density atomic layers formed by hybridized carbon atoms. Thus, graphene has unique properties such as excellent charge carrier mobility, high transparency, excellent flexibility, and excellent thermal and mechanical properties[2]。
The zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material is prepared by the current common method that zinc salt is used as a precursor of the zinc oxide quantum dot, and the zinc oxide quantum dot is prepared by methods such as a sol-gel method, a uniform precipitation method, a spray drying method, thermal decomposition and the like; reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) is prepared from Graphene Oxide (GO) by using various reducing agents or using hydrothermal methods and the like. However, the cost of the sol-gel method is high, and some raw materials are harmful to health; the phenomena of precipitation and mixed crystal coprecipitation after reaction can not be avoided by using a uniform precipitation method; the equipment using the spray drying method is complex, the occupied area is large, the one-time investment is large, and the heat efficiency is not high; the operating conditions of the thermal decomposition method have a great influence on the results.
At present, a synthesis method which is simple in preparation process, low in cost and environment-friendly is urgently needed to improve the defects and shortcomings of the graphene oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material comprises the steps of adding potassium permanganate into a mixed solution of graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate, and uniformly stirring; diluting with deionized water under ice-water bath condition; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the obtained diluent, then centrifugally collecting graphene oxide, and diluting the graphene oxide with water to obtain a graphene oxide suspension (GO suspension); placing a metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate suspension; and after removing the zinc sheet, heating the intermediate product turbid liquid to obtain a black solid precipitate product, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
And (2) placing the metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension, stirring for 10-60min at room temperature, removing the zinc sheet, and reacting the suspension for 0.5-4h under the condition of 50-95 ℃ oil bath to generate a black solid, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
Further, the following steps are carried out:
(1) graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 50-150: 5-10 (preferably, the ratio is 5: 100: 5), and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; after mixing evenly, adding potassium permanganate, and continuing to stir evenly;
(2) adding distilled water into the solution obtained in the step (1) under the condition of ice-water bath for dilution and stirring; then adding aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and stirring;
(3) centrifugally washing the mixed solution, collecting and removing bottom sediment and supernatant in the obtained mixture, collecting a middle-layer light-colored product, repeatedly washing the middle-layer product with distilled water, and collecting a product Graphene Oxide (GO) for later use;
(4) placing a metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension diluted by water, stirring for 10-60min at room temperature, then taking out the zinc sheet, and collecting a zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate product suspension for later use;
(5) stirring and reacting the zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate product turbid liquid for 0.5-4h at 50-95 ℃ to generate a black solid product, and obtaining the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
The mass ratio of potassium permanganate to graphite in the step (1) is 4-1:1, and the stirring time is 12-24 h.
The volume ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated sulfuric acid added in the step (2) is 1-2: 1, stirring for 12-24 h.
The volume of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid added in the step (2) is 0.3-1: 1; wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous solution is 10-40 wt%, and the stirring time is 6-24 h.
The zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material prepared by the method is prepared according to the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the defects of complex preparation process, higher cost, harsh reaction conditions and the like in the preparation technology aspect of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material in the prior art. According to the invention, under the condition of room temperature and normal pressure of a water phase, only the metal zinc and the graphene oxide aqueous solution are used as raw materials, the precursor of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material is prepared by a rapid stirring method, and then one-step heat treatment is carried out.
The preparation method has the advantages that the raw materials are cheap, the conversion rate is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the preparation conditions are mild, the precursor can be obtained only by stirring and reacting the zinc sheets in the GO solution at room temperature and normal pressure, and the material can be obtained by stirring and reacting the precursor at the temperature below 95 ℃.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD and comparison with a standard PDF card) of a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a battery data diagram of a lithium ion battery made of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing cell data for zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene (ZnO/RGO) composites and zinc oxide/graphene (ZnO @ RGO) composites made using the static method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
Mixing and stirring 5.0g of graphite, 120mL of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 2.5g of sodium nitrate for 30min, weighing 15g of potassium permanganate, adding the mixture into the mixture, and continuously stirring for 24 h; adding 200mL of distilled water under ice water bath, diluting and stirring for 24 h; 50mL of 30 wt% H was added2O2Stirring the aqueous solution for 24 hours; the resulting mixture was centrifuged to remove the bottom black large pellet and the supernatant, and the middle light product was collected, and the GO suspension (3mg/mL) was collected by repeated washing with distilled water.
The diluted GO suspension (25.0mL, 1.0mg/mL) was transferred to a 25mL sample bottle. And (3) placing the metal zinc sheet into the diluted GO suspension, stirring for 30min at room temperature and normal pressure, taking out the zinc sheet, placing the residual solution into an oil bath at 90 ℃, and stirring for reaction for 2h to generate black solid, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material. (see FIGS. 1 and 2)
The method is carried out under the condition of stirring at room temperature, and GO is partially reduced and converted into Zn (OH) attached to the surface of GO sheets in situ by controlling the reaction time of metallic Zn in suspension2Quantum dots, which in turn can be readily converted into ZnO quantaAnd the catalytic dehydrogenation process of the residual oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheet under mild conditions is accelerated. So that the GO sheets are fully reduced to form a micro-sized porous thin RGO support structure with well-dispersed ZnO quantum dots below 10nm between the RGO layers.
Meanwhile, the wide peak of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD and compared with the PDF card of the standard substance) of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material in fig. 1 appearing at about 2 θ ═ 24.3 ° proves that the graphene oxide has been reduced to graphene; peaks at 2 θ of 31.7 °,34.4 °,36.3 °,47.6 °,56.6 °,62.9 °,66.3 °,67.9 °,69.1 ° and 72.7 ° correspond to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (201) and (004) diffraction crystal planes of ZnO, respectively, which coincide with characteristic peaks of standard ZnO (JCPDS #36-1451), thus proving that the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material is composed of graphene and zinc oxide.
It is obvious from the transmission electron microscope image of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material in fig. 2 that the product is a compound formed by wrinkle-shaped graphene loaded zinc oxide quantum dots, and the size of the particle size can be clearly seen.
Example 2
Mixing and stirring 5.0g of graphite, 100mL of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 5g of sodium nitrate for 60min, weighing 10g of potassium permanganate, adding the mixture, and continuously stirring for 24 h; adding 250mL of distilled water under ice water bath, diluting and stirring for 24 h; 80mL of 30 wt% H was added2O2Stirring the aqueous solution for 24 hours; the resulting mixture was centrifuged to remove the bottom black large pellet and the supernatant, and the middle light product was collected, and the GO suspension (1mg/mL) was collected by repeated washing with distilled water.
The diluted GO suspension (25.0mL, 1.0mg/mL) was transferred to a 25mL sample bottle. And (3) placing the metal zinc sheet into the diluted GO suspension, stirring for 30min at room temperature and normal pressure, taking out the zinc sheet, placing the residual solution into an oil bath at 80 ℃, and stirring for reaction for 3h to generate a black solid, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
Well dispersed ZnO quantum dots with less than 10nm between RGO layers can also be obtained by the above method.
Application example:
the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material obtained in the embodiment is used as a lithium ion battery cathode material (namely, a working electrode material active material), the CR2016 button cell is used for testing the electrochemical performance of a composite material sample, and the composite material sample is assembled in a glove box filled with high-purity argon. The working electrode consisted of electrochemically active material (80%), carbon black (10%) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, 10%) on copper foil. Lithium metal sheets were used as counter and reference electrodes. The electrolyte is LiPF with a concentration of 1M6The volume ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) is 1: 1: 1. a microporous polyethylene film was placed as a separator between the working electrode and the counter electrode. Constant current charge and discharge tests were performed on a Newware cell test system at voltages ranging from 0.01 to 3.00V (vs. Li/Li)+). Meanwhile, a zinc sheet is placed in a GO solution for standing reaction, and the obtained zinc oxide/graphene composite material (ZnO @ RGO) is collected and used as a comparison material, a battery is manufactured by the same method, and the battery is tested under the same current density.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the zinc oxide quantum dots/graphene (ZnO/RGO) have a high current density of 1000mA g-1The voltage can be maintained at 668mA g for 700 cycles-1Exhibits excellent battery cycle performance.
As can be seen in FIG. 4, at 200mA · g-1Under the current density of (2), under the charge-discharge cycle of 200 circles, the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene (ZnO/RGO) composite material obtained by the method is superior to a reference material zinc oxide/graphene (ZnO @ RGO) in lithium ion storage. And the coulombic efficiency of the first turn is as high as 97.4%. Its excellent cell cycling performance can be attributed to the small, large and thin RGO porous support structure of ZnO size.
From the above, the preparation raw materials of the composite material are only metal Zn and GO suspension liquid, and the synthesis route does not need complex method or harsh conditions. The operation condition is mild, simple and convenient, and the environment is protected. The synthesis method for effectively preparing the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material has great development prospect and has important significance for the research and application of nano materials.
1.C.G.Tian,Q.Zhang,A.P.Wu,M.J.Jiang,Z.L.Liang,B.J.Jiang and H.G.Fu,Chem.Commun.,2012,48,2858.
2.B.Xu,J.Zhang,Y.Gu,Z.Zhang,W.Al Abdulla,N.A.Kumar and X.S.Zhao,Electrochimica Acta,2016,212,473-480.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding potassium permanganate into the mixed solution of graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate, and uniformly stirring; diluting with deionized water under ice-water bath condition; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the obtained diluent, then centrifugally collecting graphene oxide, and diluting the graphene oxide with water to obtain a graphene oxide suspension (GO suspension); placing a metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate suspension; and after removing the zinc sheet, heating the intermediate product turbid liquid to obtain a black solid precipitate product, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
2. The preparation method of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (2) placing the metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension, stirring for 10-60min at room temperature, removing the zinc sheet, and reacting the suspension for 0.5-4h under the condition of 50-95 ℃ oil bath to generate a black solid, namely the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
3. The preparation method of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 50-150: 5-10, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; after mixing evenly, adding potassium permanganate, and continuing to stir evenly;
(2) adding distilled water into the solution obtained in the step (1) under the condition of ice-water bath for dilution and stirring; then adding aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and stirring;
(3) centrifugally washing the mixed solution, collecting and removing bottom sediment and supernatant in the obtained mixture, collecting a middle-layer light-colored product, repeatedly washing the middle-layer product with distilled water, and collecting a product Graphene Oxide (GO) for later use;
(4) placing a metal zinc sheet in the GO suspension diluted by water, stirring for 10-60min at room temperature, then taking out the zinc sheet, and collecting a zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate product suspension for later use;
(5) stirring and reacting the zinc hydroxide/graphene intermediate product turbid liquid for 0.5-4h at 50-95 ℃ to generate a black solid product, and obtaining the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material.
4. The preparation method of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the mass ratio of potassium permanganate to graphite in the step (1) is 4-1:1, and the stirring time is 12-24 h.
5. The preparation method of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the volume ratio of the distilled water to the concentrated sulfuric acid added in the step (2) is 1-2: 1, stirring for 12-24 h.
6. The preparation method of the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the volume of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid added in the step (2) is 0.3-1: 1; wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous solution is 10-40 wt%, and the stirring time is 6-24 h.
7. The zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene composite material is prepared by the method of claim 1.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20140264269A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2014-09-18 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Tunable light emitting diode using graphene conjugated metal oxide semiconductor-graphene core-shell quantum dots and its fabrication process thereof |
| CN107946084A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-04-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of metal oxide/three-dimensional porous graphene composite material and its preparation method and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140264269A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2014-09-18 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Tunable light emitting diode using graphene conjugated metal oxide semiconductor-graphene core-shell quantum dots and its fabrication process thereof |
| CN107946084A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-04-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of metal oxide/three-dimensional porous graphene composite material and its preparation method and application |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| QINGKE TAN等: "Hierarchical zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide composite: Preparation route, mechanism study and lithium ion storage", 《JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE》 * |
| ZHIYONG FAN等: "Hybrid zinc oxide/graphene electrodes for depleted heterojunction colloidal quantum-dot solar cells", 《PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS》 * |
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