CN112239327A - 一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料 - Google Patents

一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料 Download PDF

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CN112239327A
CN112239327A CN202011099235.2A CN202011099235A CN112239327A CN 112239327 A CN112239327 A CN 112239327A CN 202011099235 A CN202011099235 A CN 202011099235A CN 112239327 A CN112239327 A CN 112239327A
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piezoelectric
pvdf
glass plate
intelligent material
stirring
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陈晓红
李孟
李长东
王港
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料，属于压电材料技术领域。该方法首先将PVDF融于有机溶剂中，得到PVDF透明溶液，随后将PZT压电陶瓷粉末与SiO2气凝胶粉末在特定温度下加入PVDF透明溶液中，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，随后制成压电复合薄膜，将碳纤维板与PVDF薄膜在树脂中浸渍，制成预浸料，然后热压固化即可得到一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料。0‑3型压电复合材料让压电材料被柔性基材包覆可以解决，早期的研究主要集中在表面粘贴压电片的结构，表面粘贴压电片具有一些无法克服的缺点，表面粘贴往往粘贴不牢固，贴在表面的原件的连线容易受到外界的损伤和腐蚀破坏。

Description

一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料，属于压电材料技术领域。
背景技术
智能材料结构上大致可以分为两种类型，嵌入式只能材料结构和材料本身具有一定的只能功能的智能材料结构。前者是在基体材料中嵌入具有传感、作动和控制处理功能的三种原始材料，传感元件采集和检测外界环境给与的信息，控制处理器则对其进行识别、分析和处理，形成决策以智慧或者激励驱动元件去执行相应的动作来完成其智能功能。
智能材料结构振动主动控制技术就是借助于其中智能材料的动作和传感特性来对结构的振动进行控制。智能材料结构的研究范围十分广阔，因为它涉及到结构设计与制造的大变革，从材料、元件到制造出结构构件都存在很多问题，需要研究的内容很多。传统结构的设计与制造过程与材料的选择是分开进行的。一般是从使用要求来确定结构的外形，然后选择材料，进行静动力学分析以便确定尺寸，进而完成最终的设计交付生产制造。同传统结构件相比，智能材料结构则是高度集成的***，它由基体材料、增强材料、埋入的传感与驱动元件网络、埋入的测控硬件以及相应的软件等组成。除了承载以外，还具有多种智能功能。设计时根据使用要求确定出结构件的外形，然后根据所期望的功能选定基体和增强材料，例如要求结构的形状能够改变，就要求基体材料能够产生大的变形，并能够恢复，而且不发生疲劳破坏。然后根据要求选择能产生动作的驱动元件，对于要求快速动作的，可以选用压电材料。
压电材料由于其自身的压电效应和逆压电效应而被制作成压电传感器和压电驱动器来对结构的振动进行控制。早期的研究主要集中在表面粘贴压电片的结构，表面粘贴压电片具有一些无法克服的缺点，表面粘贴往往粘贴不牢固，贴在表面的原件的连线容易受到外界的损伤和腐蚀破坏；但是当压电片埋在纤维型复合材料之间时，容易造成结构表面不平整，而且容易在埋入压电片的地方发生分层、压电片断裂等损伤。因此，制备0-3型压电复合材料让压电材料被柔性基材包覆，是目前用于结构振动主动控制的智能材料的研究热点。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明通过PVDF作为柔性载体将PZT与气凝胶材料均匀分散在PVDF层中，采用嵌入式智能材料结构与碳纤维板层结合，获得压电智能材料，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)将PVDF粉末在水浴中搅拌至融化，得到PVDF透明溶液。
步骤(2)将PZT压电陶瓷粉末与SiO2气凝胶块一同研磨至特定粒度，得到固体混合粉末。
步骤(3)将步骤(2)中得到的固体混合粉在特定温度下加入步骤(1)得到的PVDF透明溶液中，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，得到粘稠的悬浊液。
步骤(4)将涂膜液使用刮刀均匀涂覆在玻璃板上，浸入去离子水中固化后再浸入乙醇中置换一定时间后，置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，去除溶剂，得到气压电复合薄膜。
步骤(5)将碳纤维板与PVDF薄膜在树脂中浸渍，制成预浸料，然后热压固化即可得到一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料。
步骤(1)中水浴温度在40～80℃，搅拌时间在1～9h之间。
步骤(2)中粒度范围在0.4～150μm。
步骤(3)中水浴温度在40～80℃，搅拌时间在1～9h之间。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例的方式说明本发明，但不构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
量取24mLDMAc于烧杯中，再60℃水浴下预加热，随后称取0.526g LiCl加入溶液中，保持水浴温度搅拌2h后加入0.25gPZT粉末和0.75gSiO2气凝胶粉末，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，得到粘稠的悬浊液，将涂膜液使用刮刀均匀涂覆在玻璃板上，浸入去离子水中固化后再浸入乙醇中置换6h后，置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，去除溶剂，得到气压电复合薄膜。将碳纤维体积分数为60％的聚酰亚胺树脂碳纤维预浸料(即碳纤维浸渍于所对应的树脂中)将预浸料坯件放入热压罐内进一步固化成型。
实施例2：
量取24mLDMAc于烧杯中，再60℃水浴下预加热，随后称取0.526g LiCl加入溶液中，保持水浴温度搅拌2h后加入0.5gPZT粉末和0.5gSiO2气凝胶粉末，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，得到粘稠的悬浊液，将涂膜液使用刮刀均匀涂覆在玻璃板上，浸入去离子水中固化后再浸入乙醇中置换6h后，置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，去除溶剂，得到气压电复合薄膜。将碳纤维体积分数为60％的聚酰亚胺树脂碳纤维预浸料(即碳纤维浸渍于所对应的树脂中)将预浸料坯件放入热压罐内进一步固化成型。
实施例3：
量取24mLDMAc于烧杯中，再60℃水浴下预加热，随后称取0.526g LiCl加入溶液中，保持水浴温度搅拌2h后加入0.75gPZT粉末和0.25gSiO2气凝胶粉末，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，得到粘稠的悬浊液，将涂膜液使用刮刀均匀涂覆在玻璃板上，浸入去离子水中固化后再浸入乙醇中置换6h后，置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，去除溶剂，得到气压电复合薄膜。将碳纤维体积分数为60％的聚酰亚胺树脂碳纤维预浸料(即碳纤维浸渍于所对应的树脂中)将预浸料坯件放入热压罐内进一步固化成型。

Claims (6)

1.本发明通过PVDF作为柔性载体将PZT与气凝胶材料均匀分散在PVDF层中，采用嵌入式智能材料结构与碳纤维板层结合，获得压电智能材料，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)将PVDF粉末在水浴中搅拌至融化，得到PVDF透明溶液；
步骤(2)将PZT压电陶瓷粉末与SiO2气凝胶块一同研磨至特定粒度，得到固体混合粉末；
步骤(3)将步骤(2)中得到的固体混合粉在特定温度下加入步骤(1)得到的PVDF透明溶液中，搅拌一段时间至固体均匀分散于PVDF中，得到粘稠的悬浊液；
步骤(4)将涂膜液使用刮刀均匀涂覆在玻璃板上，浸入去离子水中固化后再浸入乙醇中置换一定时间后，置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，去除溶剂，得到气压电复合薄膜；
步骤(5)将碳纤维板与PVDF薄膜在树脂中浸渍，制成预浸料，然后热压固化即可得到一种用于结构振动主动控制的压电智能材料。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中水浴温度在40～80℃，搅拌时间在1～9h之间。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中粒度范围在0.4～150μm。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中水浴温度在40～80℃，搅拌时间在1～9h之间。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中鼓风烘箱干燥时间应在2～8h之间，压电薄膜压电系数d33高于45pc/N,相对介电常数在350-430之间。
6.按照权利要求1-12任一所述的方法，得到的复合材料薄膜，其特征在于，压电系数d33高于45pc/N,相对介电常数在350-430之间。
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