CN112232658A - Evaluation method of harm degree of parasitic loranthus plants to hosts thereof - Google Patents
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 241000488974 Loranthus Species 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001638 Scurrula parasitica Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000221040 Loranthaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001493421 Robinia <trematode> Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000218394 Magnolia liliiflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000288157 Passiflora edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000370 Passiflora edulis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008641 drought stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the harm degree of parasitic plants to hosts thereof, which comprehensively reflects and evaluates the harm degree of parasitic plants to the hosts thereof from three aspects of the dry branch proportion, the parasitic strength and the leaf replacement proportion of the hosts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant parasitism, in particular to a method for evaluating the harm degree of a parasitic plant to a host.
Background
The loranthus parasiticus plant is an angiosperm plant parasitizing on the branches and the trunks of woody plants and living in a half-parasitism way, belongs to Loranthaceae (Loranthaceae), has leaves and chlorophyll, can perform photosynthesis, does not have an independent root system, and needs to obtain water and nutrient substances from host plants. Most parasitic plants have a wide variety of host plant species and can be parasitic on a variety of host plant species, and some parasitic plants are parasitic only on a single genus or single host plant. The strong transpiration of the parasitic plant of the mulberry can cause early closure or oscillation closure of stomata of the host plant, so that the photosynthetic rate of the host plant is reduced, and the strong transpiration can cause drought stress of the host plant. The trees damaged by the parasitic plants generally show that the leaves fall early, the leaves grow late in the next year, the parasitic parts have expanded joint parts, the textures of xylem are disordered, cracks or hollows appear, and branches die or the whole plants die seriously. How to define and judge the harm degree of parasitic plants to the hosts thereof does not have an objective and accurate evaluation method at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the harm degree of parasitic loranthus plants to hosts of the parasitic loranthus plants.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for evaluating the harm degree of parasitic loranthus plants to hosts thereof comprises the following steps:
s1, surveying in the growing season of the host tree, recording the seed name of the host tree parasitized by the parasitic plant, and carrying out the next step S2;
s2, judging the survival condition of the host, and if the host dies, recording that the damage level of the parasitic plant to the host is level IV, wherein the level IV shows that the parasitic plant has the most serious damage degree to the host and leads to the death of the host; if the host is not dead, the next step S3 is performed;
s3, calculating a dry branch ratio A, parasitic intensity B and a leaf substitute ratio C of the host tree with the parasitic plant, and assigning values;
s4, weighting and adding the three scoring indexes to obtain a total score of the parasitic loranthus plants on the host hazards, wherein the total score is expressed by a letter D, and D is 0.3 × A +0.2 × B +0.5 × C;
s5, dividing the harm of the parasitic plant to the host (except host death) into three grades according to the value of D:
when D is 1, the damage level of the parasitic loranthus plants to the host is I;
when D is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the damage level of the parasitic plant to the host is level II;
when D is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the harm grade of the parasitic plant to the host is grade III;
wherein, the level I shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are slightly harmful to the hosts thereof, and the level II shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are seriously harmful to the hosts thereof; grade III indicates that the harm of the parasitic plant to the host is extremely serious.
Further, in step S3, a is the percentage of the volume of the branches forming dry branches due to parasitism to the total volume of the branches of the host, and when a is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 10%, a is assigned as 1; when A is more than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, A is assigned to be 2; when A is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, the value is assigned to 3.
Further, in step S3, B is the number of individuals of parasitic plant on the host, and when B <10, B is assigned as 1; when B is more than or equal to 10 and less than 30, B is assigned to be 2; when B is equal to or greater than 30, B is assigned a value of 3.
Further, in the step S3, C is the percentage of the parasitic plant leaf volume in the host leaf volume, and when C is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 15%, C is assigned as 1; when C is more than or equal to 15% and less than 50%, C is assigned to be 2; and when the C is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, the value of C is 3.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a method for evaluating the harm degree of a parasitic plant to a host thereof, which reflects the harm degree of the parasitic plant to the host thereof by integrating the dry branch ratio, parasitic strength and leaf substitution ratio of the host, and further judges the harm grade of the parasitic plant to the host thereof. The method disclosed by the invention is objective in evaluation, and provides an effective method for evaluating the harm degree of the parasitic loranthus plants to the hosts of the parasitic loranthus plants.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, without limiting the scope of the invention to the following:
example (b):
1. evaluation object
Common garden trees and parasitic loranthus plants parasitized in the quanjiang school area of Sichuan university in the urban area.
2. Evaluation method
A method for evaluating the harm degree of parasitic plants to hosts in the Tanjiang school area of Sichuan university comprises the following steps:
s1, surveying in 9 months of 2020, recording the seed names of host trees parasitized by the parasitic loranthus plants, surveying 131 individuals of 18 tree species in total, and carrying out the next step S2;
s2, discovering that one robinia pseudoacacia with 9 parasitic hair leaves and 1 magnolia liliiflora with 5 parasitic hair leaves dies, judging the damage level of the parasitic hair leaves to the 2 hosts to be IV grade, and indicating that the parasitic loranthus plants have extremely serious damage degree to the hosts and cause the death of the hosts; for 129 host plants that did not die, the next step S3 was performed;
s3, measuring and calculating the dry branch ratio, parasitic strength and blade substitution ratio;
wherein the dry branch ratio is the percentage of the volume of dry branches formed by parasitism to the total volume of branches of a host, and is represented by a letter A, and when A is more than or equal to 0 and less than 10%, the value of A is 1; when A is more than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, A is assigned to be 2; when A is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, the value is assigned to be 3;
the parasitic intensity is the number of individuals of parasitic plants growing on a single host, and is represented by a letter B, and when B is less than 10, B is assigned as 1; when B is more than or equal to 10 and less than 30, B is assigned to be 2; when B is more than or equal to 30, B is assigned to be 3;
the leaf substitution proportion is the percentage of the leaf volume of the parasitic plant to the total volume of the host leaf, and is represented by a letter C, and when C is more than or equal to 0 and less than 15%, C is assigned to be 1; when C is more than or equal to 15% and less than 50%, C is assigned to be 2; when C is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, C is assigned to be 3;
s4, weighting and adding the three scoring indexes to obtain a total score of the parasitic loranthus on the host hazards, wherein the total score is represented by a letter D, and D is 0.3 × A +0.2 × B +0.5 × C;
s5, dividing the harm of the parasitic plant to the host (except host death) into three grades according to the value of D:
when D is 1, the damage level of the parasitic loranthus plants to the host is I;
when D is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the damage level of the parasitic plant to the host is level II;
when D is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the harm grade of the parasitic plant to the host is grade III;
wherein, the level I shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are slightly harmful to the hosts thereof, and the level II shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are seriously harmful to the hosts thereof; grade III indicates that the harm of the parasitic plant to the host is extremely serious.
For example, taking a certain purple leaf plum as an example, if the ratio a of dry and dry branches on the plant is 3%, the parasitic strength B is 8, and the ratio C of leaf substitution is 25%, respectively given values of a ═ 1, B ═ 1, and C ═ 2, the total score D of the harm of the parasitic loranthus to the host is 0.3 × a +0.2 × B +0.5 × C ═ 0.3 × 1+0.2 × 1+0.5 × 2 ═ 1.5, that is, the damage of the parasitic loranthus plant to the host is class ii.
For another example, taking a certain robinia pseudoacacia as an example, if the ratio of dry and dry branches on the plant is 80%, the parasitic intensity B is 13, the substituted ratio of leaves is 25%, and a is 3, B is 2, and C is 2, the total score D of the host harmfulness of the loranthus parasiticus is 0.3 × a +0.2 × B +0.5 × C is 0.3 × 3+0.2 × 2+0.5 × 2 is 2.3, that is, the damage of the loranthus parasiticus plant to the host is grade iii.
3. Evaluation results
By the method, taking common parasitic loranthus plants such as the parasitic loranthus leaves and the passiflora edulis as an example, the evaluation and analysis of parasitic damage degree are carried out on 18 trees of the swamp-seng school district of Sichuan university, namely the host, according to the damage grade evaluation method, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 grade evaluation of the degree of harm of Loranthus parasiticus plant host in Tanjiang school district of Sichuan university
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating the harm degree of parasitic loranthus plants to hosts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, surveying in the growing season of the host tree, recording the seed name of the host tree parasitized by the parasitic plant, and carrying out the next step S2;
s2, judging the survival condition of the host, if the host dies, recording that the harm grade of the parasitic plant to the host is IV grade, which shows that the parasitic plant has the most serious harm degree to the host and leads to the death of the host; if the host is not dead, the next step S3 is performed;
s3, calculating a dry branch ratio A, parasitic intensity B and a leaf substitute ratio C of the host tree with the parasitic plant, and assigning values;
s4, weighting and adding the three scoring indexes to obtain the total score of the parasitic loranthus plants on the host hazards, wherein the total score is expressed by a letter D, and D = 0.2 xA +0.2 xB + 0.6 xC;
s5, dividing the harm of the parasitic loranthus plants to the hosts into three grades according to the value of D:
when D = 1, the damage grade of the parasitic plant to the host is I grade;
when D is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the damage level of the parasitic plant to the host is level II;
when D is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the harm grade of the parasitic plant to the host is grade III;
wherein, the level I shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are slightly harmful to the hosts thereof, and the level II shows that the parasitic loranthus plants are seriously harmful to the hosts thereof; grade III indicates that the harm of the parasitic plant to the host is extremely serious.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein D is the percentage of the volume of the dry branches formed by the parasitism to the total volume of the branches of the host in step S3, and A is 1 when A is 0. ltoreq.A < 10%; when A is more than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, A is assigned to be 2; when A is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, the value is assigned to 3.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, B is the number of individuals of parasitic loranthus plants on a single host, and when B <10, B is assigned as 1; when B is more than or equal to 10 and less than 30, B is assigned to be 2; when B is equal to or greater than 30, B is assigned a value of 3.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein C is the percentage of the leaves of the parasitic plant in the total volume of the leaves of the host in step S3, and is assigned as 1 when C is 0. ltoreq.C < 15%; when C is more than or equal to 15% and less than 50%, C is assigned to be 2; and when the C is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%, the value of C is 3.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101944160A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-12 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Immediate offshore area ecological environment comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive evaluation method |
| CN103606031A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-26 | 清华大学 | Evaluation method of kitchen waste feed product safety |
| CN104111264A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-22 | 广东省粮食科学研究所 | Methods for quickly detecting content of heavy metal elements in rice and evaluating comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101944160A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-12 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Immediate offshore area ecological environment comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive evaluation method |
| CN103606031A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-26 | 清华大学 | Evaluation method of kitchen waste feed product safety |
| CN104111264A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-22 | 广东省粮食科学研究所 | Methods for quickly detecting content of heavy metal elements in rice and evaluating comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 文平;嵇保中;刘曙雯;: "园林树木白蚁危害的调查与评价", 林业科技开发, no. 04, pages 38 - 43 * |
| 欧阳浩楠;王孝安;郭华;: "陕西子午岭地区北桑寄生寄主选择和寄生特性研究", 基因组学与应用生物学, no. 05, pages 86 - 92 * |
| 许桂芳;简在友;: "河南新乡外来植物分布动态调查及其危害性评估", 植物保护, no. 02, pages 133 - 138 * |
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