CN112230012A - Instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device and method - Google Patents
Instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112230012A CN112230012A CN202011095645.XA CN202011095645A CN112230012A CN 112230012 A CN112230012 A CN 112230012A CN 202011095645 A CN202011095645 A CN 202011095645A CN 112230012 A CN112230012 A CN 112230012A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/68—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed, which comprise a cooperative rotating speed sensor, sensor signal acquisition equipment and a sensor support, wherein an arc-shaped angle graduated scale is arranged on the sensor support, the cooperative rotating speed sensor is arranged on the angle graduated scale, a relative angle exists between the cooperative rotating speed sensor and the cooperative rotating speed sensor, the cooperative rotating speed sensors are connected with the sensor signal acquisition equipment, the cooperative rotating speed sensor is aligned to the rotation axis of a structure to be measured, and a reflector corresponding to the cooperative rotating speed sensor is arranged on the structure to be measured. The invention effectively solves the problem of insufficient time resolution when the traditional rotating speed sensor acquires instantaneous rotating speed fluctuation, has wider application occasions than the traditional sensor, and is more suitable for testing the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed of a fine rotating structure. Counting type rotating speed sensors with different working principles can be selected as the cooperative sensor according to actual test requirements, and the application scenes and the application fields of the cooperative sensor are widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rotating speed measuring device and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The types of the revolution speed sensors are various, and the revolution speed sensors can be divided into an analog method, a counting method and a synchronous method according to a measurement principle; the device can be divided into mechanical type, electric type, photoelectric type and stroboscopic type according to the conversion mode. With the continuous improvement of vibration monitoring requirements, more and more occasions need to carry out high-precision acquisition on instantaneous rotation speed fluctuation.
In the prior art, documents indicate that the existing single-frequency laser doppler velocity measurement device has the defects of direct current drift and poor interference resistance in the field of high-precision rotation speed measurement (1, gayan, trade, which family, and the like, the laser doppler velocity measurement technology is advanced by [ J ] laser and infrared, 2010,40(11):1157 and 1162.); the cross-polarization dual-frequency laser Doppler velocimeter has no direct current drift and strong interference resistance, but the upper limit of the velocity measurement is limited by the frequency difference of the adopted dual-frequency laser, and the requirement of measuring the velocity of a high-speed moving object cannot be met; in addition, another document states that the signal-to-noise ratio of a doppler signal varies with the velocity of a test object, the higher the velocity, the lower the signal-to-noise ratio ([1] huheron.
A photoelectric counting type revolution speed sensor is also a sensor which is frequently used at present. The working principle of the sensor is that a plurality of reflectors or reflective stickers with the same interval are arranged on a part to be measured, and then the rotating speed of a measured object is calculated by calculating the times that the reflectors or the reflective stickers pass through a sensor light sensing probe in unit time. Although the sensor has the advantages of simple structure and no torque loss, in order to increase the rotational speed time resolution of the sensor, a plurality of reflectors or reflective stickers need to be uniformly pasted on a measured object to serve as corner marks, which is limited by the physical size limitation of the reflectors or reflective stickers, and the mounting number of the reflectors on a rotating part with a small diameter is often difficult to meet the test requirement. This also occurs during the use of other types of counter-type speed sensors.
Although the patent "multi-sensor comparative type rotating speed test system and method" also uses a plurality of sensors to measure rotating speed signals, the purpose of using a plurality of sensors is to select the rotating speed sensor suitable for a pre-test occasion by comparing the rotating speed signals of different types of rotating speed sensors, the test precision is limited by the performance of the selected sensor, and the precision of collecting the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed cannot be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device and method which can effectively improve the time resolution in the instantaneous rotating speed testing process, so that the measuring precision of instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed is not limited by the performance of a single sensor.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to an instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device, which is characterized in that: including revolution speed sensor, sensor signal acquisition equipment, sensor support in coordination, set up curved angle scale on the sensor support, revolution speed sensor installs on angle scale in coordination, and revolution speed sensor in coordination have relative angle between, and revolution speed sensor all connects sensor signal acquisition equipment in coordination, and revolution speed sensor aligns the rotation axis of being surveyed the structure in coordination, is surveyed the structural reflection of light piece that corresponds in coordination of revolution speed sensor.
The invention relates to a method for measuring instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed, which is characterized in that:
(1) a reflective sheet corresponding to the sensor is arranged or adhered on the structure to be measured;
(2) installing cooperative rotation speed sensors on the sensor support, and calculating and recording relative position included angle between the cooperative sensors by reading scales on the fixed support
(3) Adjusting the position of the sensor bracket to enable the cooperative sensor arranged on the sensor bracket to be aligned with the rotation axis of the structure to be measured, and enabling the cooperative sensor and the reflector to be positioned in the same plane;
(4) connecting the cooperative sensors to the same signal acquisition instrument to ensure that the cooperative sensors simultaneously acquire rotating speed signals;
(5) starting a tested structure to enable the tested structure to start rotating, and starting to acquire a rotating speed signal in cooperation with a sensor;
(6) merging the rotating speed signals of all the cooperative sensors;
(7) and analyzing the acquired instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed, and if time-frequency conversion operation is carried out, processing by using a discrete Fourier transform technology.
The method for measuring the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed can also comprise the following steps:
1. the cooperative sensor judges the rotation state of the detected structure by identifying the light and shade change condition at the opposite position; when the cooperative rotating speed sensor is over against the non-reflective sheet, the output signal of the sensor is a low potential signal; when the sensor is over against the reflector, the output signal of the sensor is a high potential signal; the rotation of the structure to be measured causes the light reflecting parts and the non-light reflecting parts with equal intervals to sequentially circulate right ahead of the cooperative rotation speed sensor, and the cooperative rotation speed sensor records the disappearance time information t of the ith light reflecting part right aheadiThen comparing the time information t of the next occurrence of the light-reflecting memberi+1Obtaining the time difference delta t ═ t between two adjacent light reflecting partsi+1-tiTherefore, the angle value of the two reflectors rotating corresponding to the measured structure before passing through the sensor is 2 pi/n, n is the number of the light reflecting parts, and the angle value is calculated according to the formula omegaInstantaneous moment of action＝2π/[n(ti+1-ti)]And calculating to obtain the average rotating speed of the two reflectors in the time before the reflectors pass through the cooperative rotating speed sensor, and repeating the calculation process until the set times are finished to obtain an approximate instantaneous rotating speed measurement result.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention effectively solves the problem of insufficient time resolution when the traditional rotating speed sensor collects instantaneous rotating speed fluctuation, and the application occasion of the invention is wider than that of the traditional sensor, and the invention is more suitable for testing the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed of a fine rotating structure. In addition, the invention has no special requirements on the type of the cooperative sensor, can be composed of any type of counting type rotating speed sensors with simultaneous measurement function, can select counting type rotating speed sensors with different working principles as the cooperative sensor according to the actual test requirement, and widens the application scene and the application field of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the cooperative sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the cooperative sensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the output signals of the cooperative sensors;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition results of a single cooperative sensor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition results of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the signal acquisition results of the conventional sensor and the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1-7, the invention comprises a plurality of cooperative speed sensors 2, 4, 5, a reflector 6, a sensor support 1 with angle scales, and a sensor signal acquisition device 3, wherein a measured structure 7 is a corresponding structure which rotates on a measured device. The cooperative speed sensor used in the invention needs to be a counting type speed sensor, but the number of the cooperative sensors is not limited; theoretically, the more the number of the cooperative rotating speed sensors is, the more the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed acquisition precision is improved by times. The invention takes the reflective photoelectric rotating speed sensor taking the cooperative rotating speed sensor as a counting type as an example to introduce the related technical scheme, and the cooperative rotating speed sensor required to be used by the invention is not limited to the reflective photoelectric rotating speed sensor, but comprises most counting type rotating speed sensors including a variable magnetic resistance type rotating speed sensor and a Hall type rotating speed sensor.
The present invention describes the operation steps by taking a counter type rotation speed sensor of which the cooperative sensor is a reflective type as an example.
The method comprises the following steps: the reflective component corresponding to the sensor is mounted or adhered on the tested structure, if the cooperative sensor is not a reflective counting type rotating speed sensor, the corresponding component required for testing needs to be mounted on the tested structure according to the testing requirements of other counting type rotating speed sensors (for example, a magnetic gear is required to be mounted on the tested structure of the magnetic sensitive type rotating speed sensor, and a perforated disc is required to be mounted on the direct-injection type photoelectric rotating speed sensor).
Step two: installing cooperative rotation speed sensors on the fixed support, and calculating and recording relative position included angle between the cooperative sensors by reading scales on the fixed support
As shown in fig. 2.
Step three: adjusting the position of the fixed support to enable the cooperative sensor arranged on the fixed support to be aligned with the rotation axis of the structure to be measured; the cooperative sensor is positioned in the same plane with the light reflecting component.
Step four: and the cooperative sensors are connected with the same signal acquisition instrument, so that the cooperative sensors can acquire rotating speed signals simultaneously.
Step five: and starting the tested device to enable the tested structure to start rotating, and starting to acquire a rotating speed signal in cooperation with the sensor.
Step six: and merging the rotating speed signals of the plurality of cooperative sensors.
Step seven: the acquired instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed is analyzed, if time-frequency conversion operation is carried out, the interval between data points of the acquired signal is not equal due to the fact that the intervals of the data points of the acquired instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed are not distributed uniformly, and therefore the data points need to be processed by using a discrete Fourier transform technology, and the fast Fourier transform technology used when the traditional sensor acquires the signal to carry out time-frequency conversion is not used.
In practical engineering application, as the size of a structure to be tested is relatively slender, and the light reflecting part cannot be made into an infinite and fine structure (limited by the physical characteristics of the light reflecting part on one hand and the response sensitivity of a sensor to be tested on the other hand), the time resolution of the instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed is difficult to meet the test requirement. The present invention provides a solution to this problem.
The cooperative sensor used in the present invention is a counting type reflection type photoelectric rotation speed sensor, and the working principle schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3, and the cooperative sensor determines the rotation state of the measured structure by identifying the light and shade change condition at the position opposite to the sensor. When the sensor is over against the non-reflective part, the output signal of the sensor is a low potential signal; when the sensor is opposite to the light reflecting part, the output signal of the sensor is a high potential signal, and the output signal of the sensor is shown in the attached figure 4. The rotation of the structure to be measured causes the equal-interval reflective part and non-reflective part to circulate through the front of the sensor in turn, and the sensor records the disappearance time information t of the ith reflective part in frontiThen comparing the time information t of the next occurrence of the light-reflecting memberi+1(ii) a Obtaining the time difference delta t ═ t between two adjacent light reflecting partsi+1-ti(ii) a Because the distance between the light reflecting parts is uniform, the angle value of the two light reflecting parts rotating corresponding to the measured structure before passing through the sensor is 2 pi/n (n is the number of the light reflecting parts), and the angle value is calculated according to a formula omegaInstantaneous moment of action＝2π/[n(ti+1-ti)]The average rotating speed of the two light reflecting parts in the time before the two light reflecting parts pass through the sensor can be calculated, if the light reflecting parts are distributed on the measured structure enough, the average rotating speed calculated at the moment can be considered as the instantaneous rotating speed at the current moment, and the calculation process is repeated, so that an approximate instantaneous rotating speed measurement result can be obtained, as shown in the attached figure 5.
The invention arranges a plurality of rotating speed sensors in a plane vertical to the rotating axis of the structure to be measured, and simultaneously collects a plurality of sensor signals by a signal collector at the same time. The collected signals are shown in fig. 6 (taking two coordinated speed sensors as an example). Due to different installation angles between the two cooperative speed sensors, the time for the same light reflecting part to pass through different cooperative speed sensors is also different, a plurality of cooperative speed signals are sequentially collected at fixed angle phases, and the number of the collected signals is n times of that of the common speed sensors (n is the number of the cooperative sensors), as shown in fig. 6. By comparing the front and back sequence of the square wave signals output by the plurality of cooperative sensors and according to the installation sequence among the cooperative sensors, if the appearance sequence of the square wave signals is the same as the installation sequence of the cooperative sensors, the rotation direction of the tested structure can be known to be consistent with the installation sequence of the cooperative sensors; otherwise, it is known that the rotation direction of the structure to be measured is opposite to the installation sequence of the cooperative sensors.
The comparison of the rotation speed signal collected by the common rotation speed sensor, the rotation speed signal collected by the invention and the actual rotation speed signal is shown in the attached figure 7. Therefore, with the increase of the number of the cooperative speed sensors, the signal precision is increased in multiples, and the problem that the resolution ratio of the instantaneous speed fluctuation acquisition time is insufficient when the traditional speed sensor tests a slender structure is effectively solved.
Claims (3)
1. An instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device is characterized in that: including revolution speed sensor, sensor signal acquisition equipment, sensor support in coordination, set up curved angle scale on the sensor support, revolution speed sensor installs on angle scale in coordination, and revolution speed sensor in coordination have relative angle between, and revolution speed sensor all connects sensor signal acquisition equipment in coordination, and revolution speed sensor aligns the rotation axis of being surveyed the structure in coordination, is surveyed the structural reflection of light piece that corresponds in coordination of revolution speed sensor.
2. A method for measuring instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed is characterized in that:
(1) a reflective sheet corresponding to the sensor is arranged or adhered on the structure to be measured;
(2) installing cooperative rotation speed sensors on the sensor support, and calculating and recording relative position included angle between the cooperative sensors by reading scales on the fixed support
(3) Adjusting the position of the sensor bracket to enable the cooperative sensor arranged on the sensor bracket to be aligned with the rotation axis of the structure to be measured, and enabling the cooperative sensor and the reflector to be positioned in the same plane;
(4) connecting the cooperative sensors to the same signal acquisition instrument to ensure that the cooperative sensors simultaneously acquire rotating speed signals;
(5) starting a tested structure to enable the tested structure to start rotating, and starting to acquire a rotating speed signal in cooperation with a sensor;
(6) merging the rotating speed signals of all the cooperative sensors;
(7) and analyzing the acquired instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed, and if time-frequency conversion operation is carried out, processing by using a discrete Fourier transform technology.
3. The instantaneous fluctuation rotational speed measuring method according to claim 2, wherein: the cooperative sensor judges the rotation state of the detected structure by identifying the light and shade change condition at the opposite position; when the cooperative rotating speed sensor is over against the non-reflective sheet, the output signal of the sensor is a low potential signal; when the sensor is over against the reflector, the output signal of the sensor is a high potential signal; the rotation of the structure to be measured causes the light reflecting parts and the non-light reflecting parts with equal intervals to sequentially circulate right ahead of the cooperative rotation speed sensor, and the cooperative rotation speed sensor records the disappearance time information t of the ith light reflecting part right aheadiThen comparing the time information t of the next occurrence of the light-reflecting memberi+1Obtaining the time difference delta t ═ t between two adjacent light reflecting partsi+1-tiTherefore, the angle value of the two reflectors rotating corresponding to the measured structure before passing through the sensor is 2 pi/n, n is the number of the light reflecting parts, and the angle value is calculated according to the formula omegaInstantaneous moment of action＝2π/[n(ti+1-ti)]And calculating to obtain the average rotating speed of the two reflectors in the time before the reflectors pass through the cooperative rotating speed sensor, and repeating the calculation process until the set times are finished to obtain an approximate instantaneous rotating speed measurement result.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113533775A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-22 | 镇江明润信息科技有限公司 | Speed-measuring reflecting device |
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