CN109163797A - One kind being based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system and method - Google Patents
One kind being based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109163797A CN109163797A CN201811124549.6A CN201811124549A CN109163797A CN 109163797 A CN109163797 A CN 109163797A CN 201811124549 A CN201811124549 A CN 201811124549A CN 109163797 A CN109163797 A CN 109163797A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/02—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by magnetic means, e.g. reluctance
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Abstract
The invention belongs to torsional oscillation detection fields, more particularly to a kind of pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system and method, including fluted disc, signal pickup assembly, first sensor, second sensor and 3rd sensor, fluted disc with shaft to be measured is concentric is fixedly mounted, on fluted disc both sides, 180 degree is equipped with first sensor and second sensor, a slot is opened in shaft to be measured, 3rd sensor rotates one week time for measuring flume, this time is for calibrating the time used in fluted disc indexing, first sensor and second sensor and high-pass filter are used to eliminate the influence of bending vibration on the first and second directions, and torsional oscillation is calculated by signal acquiring system and is displaced and shows.The method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and measurement result is precisely reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to torsional oscillation detection fields, more particularly to one kind to be based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system and method.
Background technique
Torsional oscillation is a kind of special mechanical oscillation form, is prevalent in various rotating machineries, such as steam turbine, combustion gas wheel
Machine, blower, truck drive shaft, generator, engine crankshaft, compressor etc..Its Producing reason be due to rotor in practice
It is not absolute rigid body, is flexible, therefore in rotary course, same axis, different parts can generates different
Wrench deformation will occur between elastomeric element for instantaneous velocity, and here it is the twisting vibrations of shafting.
If the torsional oscillation amplitude of shafting is excessive, elastic limit is deformed more than, fatigue loss will be generated, this service life to axis
Influence is greatly that, if cannot take preventive measures in time, shafting is chronically under torsional state, and less serious case influences shafting operating
Stability, severe one will cause shafting fatigue damage or even leads to more serious catastrophic failure, therefore the monitoring of shafting torsional oscillation
It is very necessary.
Now currently, there are mainly three types of the detection modes of torsional oscillation:
1. contact type measurement method, axial angle at 45 ° pastes foil gauge or pastes foil gauge on special spring leaf such as on axis,
Within the scope of the thermoae limit and mechanical limit of foil gauge, the torsional oscillation of shafting is detected by the deflection of foil gauge when shafting torsional oscillation
Situation.This method is mainly used for facilitating the large-sized rotor of installation foil gauge to fasten, smaller for the diameter of axle or should not paste and answer
Become the rotor of piece and be not suitable for, moreover resistance strain gage has certain life span, it is also relatively high to environmental requirement, therefore this method
There is no by universal use.
2. contactless torsional vibration measurement method substantially can be divided into two classes again according to the difference of measurement prototype:
(1) pulsed
I.e. by axis measured point the fluted disc of certain number of teeth, encoder or the chequered with black and white reflective strip of patch are installed.And
Pulse is generated by the inductive pick-up induction aside installed.When without torsional oscillation, sensor generate pulse signal be it is stable,
Pulse period and width be it is constant, when shafting is there are when torsional oscillation, it is inconsistent that the pulse signal of sensor output can become width,
By calculating, the torsional oscillation information of shafting can be obtained.Such method is widely applied, but its is right due to simple and easy
Fluted disc, encoder or reflective strip etc. are more demanding, need equidistantly to segment, and otherwise measurement result has a distortion, but actual product,
It is difficult to equidistant subdivision, measurement result is not fully accurate as a result, and precision is low.
(2) Laser Measuring turns round method
It is the torsional oscillation based on laser doppler principle measurement rotary shaft that Laser Measuring, which turns round method, pastes one on measured axis and swashs
Light reflective tape is irradiated to reflective strip with laser sensor, and receives reflected laser and carry out doppler analysis, can be obtained
To torsional oscillation information.This method, high sensitivity, quickly, but it is expensive for response speed, to environmental requirement height.Therefore also simultaneously
Non- large-scale application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention exists: for the current pulsed torsional vibration measurement device and method problem not high to measurement accuracy,
It provides a kind of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system and method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides technical solutions once:
One kind being based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system comprising: motor, fluted disc, first sensor, second sensor
And 3rd sensor, the fluted disc are rotatable setting, the fluted disc both sides are equipped with first sensor and second sensor,
The first sensor and second sensor are substantially symmetrical about its central axis relative to the fluted disc, in the shaft rotary course to be measured, institute
When stating fluted disc tooth by first sensor, the first sensor is passed away from the fluted disc tooth 1-4mm, the fluted disc tooth by second
When sensor, the second sensor rotates a circle away from the fluted disc tooth 1-4mm, the 3rd sensor for measuring shaft to be measured
Time.
Further, described one kind is based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, further includes；Signal pickup assembly, it is described
Signal pickup assembly includes data collecting card and computer, and the first sensor, second sensor and 3rd sensor are led to respectively
Conditioning circuit is crossed to connect with the signal pickup assembly.
Further, the first sensor, second sensor and 3rd sensor are equipped between conditioning circuit respectively
High-pass filter.
Further, the first sensor, second sensor and 3rd sensor are that current vortex sensor or photo-electric pass
Sensor or magnetoelectric sensor.
Further, the fluted disc is replaced by code-disc.
A method of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test device, method and step are as follows:
Step 1: processing groove: a slot is opened in shaft to be measured, the 3rd sensor is for measuring the slot rotation one
The time in week, the 3rd sensor is away from shaft 1-4mm to be measured.
Step 2: calibration fluted disc indexing: using the slot in shaft to be measured as starting point, the every rotation of shaft one week to be measured, first
Sensor or second sensor in shaft rotary course to be measured, measure that each tooth during fluted disc rotates a circle passes through when
Between ti(i=1,2,3 ..., n are fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then can be obtained the prover time difference Δ t between the adjacent teeth of fluted disci
=ti+1-ti, the corresponding actual angle of each tooth, formula one are being calculated by formula one are as follows:
Step 3: the bending vibration signal in first direction and second direction is eliminated, the first direction and second direction are vertical,
In the plane where fluted disc, the first direction is the center and the of first sensor probe for the first direction and second direction
Direction where the line of centres of two sensor probes, process are as follows:
3.1. the elimination of shaft first direction bending vibration signal to be measured:
High-pass filter between first sensor and second sensor and conditioning circuit is opened, by high-pass filter
Cutoff frequency is set as 1.8~2.3 times of shaft speed to be measured.
3.2. the elimination of shaft second direction bending vibration signal to be measured:
First sensor and second sensor measure fluted disc tooth elapsed time simultaneously, are handled by the signal pickup assembly
The transient speed of fluted disc tooth is obtained, principle is, due to the presence of second direction bending vibration, first sensor and second to be caused to pass
The arc length for the fluted disc tooth that sensor senses changes, and when fluted disc both sides 180 degree is symmetrically installed two sensors, if second
The variation of arc length caused by bending vibration on direction can make sensor generate identical, the contrary increment of size, the signal acquisition
The instantaneous angular velocity phase adduction averaged that device is handled, can eliminate the bending vibration signal in second direction.
Step 4: calculate torsional oscillation angular speed: when torsional oscillation occurs for shaft to be measured, first sensor or second sensor record
Each tooth is actually passed through torsional oscillation time tj(j=1,2,3 ..., n are fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then can be obtained between adjacent teeth
Torsional oscillation time difference Δ tj=tj+1-tj, mean angular velocity is calculated by formula twoFormula two are as follows:
Instantaneous angular velocity ωnAccording to the minute of angle θ of the single tooth of fluted disc (5) after correctionnPass through the torsional oscillation time with single tooth
Δtj, acquired by formula three, formula three are as follows:
And according to the minute of angle θ of each toothn, torsional oscillation angular velocity omega is sought with formula fours, formula four are as follows:
Step 5: torsional oscillation angular displacement is calculated by formula five and is shown in signal pickup assembly, formula five
Are as follows:
t1Pass through the time difference of sensor, i.e. t for adjacent fluted disc tooth1=Δ tj。
Further, the slot is passed by iron block replacement, the iron block are welded and fixed in the shaft to be measured by third
When sensor, the 3rd sensor is away from iron block 1-4mm.
Further, the slot in the shaft to be measured by pasting magnet replacement, when the magnet passes through 3rd sensor,
The 3rd sensor is away from magnet 1-4mm.
In conclusion due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effect of present system and method is: by right
One piece of iron block of a keyway or patch is arranged in shaft, eliminates reflective for the improvement for pasting the method for reflective strip in the prior art
Error influence brought by equidistant subdivision in item, present system and method can be improved the precision of torsional vibration measurement, method letter
It is single feasible, implement convenient for operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural diagram of the device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the simple top view of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be Fig. 1 in A to perspective view；
Fig. 4 be Fig. 1 in B to perspective view；
Fig. 5 be Fig. 1 in C to perspective view；
Fig. 6 is the method for the present invention schematic illustration；
Marked in the figure: 1- motor, 2- flexible coupling, 3- shaft to be measured, 4- slot, 5- fluted disc, 6- first bearing, 7- second
Bearing, 8- first bearing seat, 9- second bearing seat, 10- first sensor, 11- second sensor, 12- 3rd sensor, 13-
Testing stand, 14- signal pickup assembly.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.But this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
The range of above-mentioned theme is only limitted to embodiment below, all that model of the invention is belonged to based on the technology that the content of present invention is realized
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of system and methods based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test.
One kind is based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system as shown in attached drawing 1~5, comprising: motor 1, fluted disc 5, first pass
Sensor 10, second sensor 11,3rd sensor 12 and signal pickup assembly 14, fluted disc 5 and the concentric fixed peace of shaft 3 to be measured
Dress, 5 both sides of fluted disc are horizontally installed with first sensor 10 and second sensor 11,11 phase of first sensor 10 and second sensor
Substantially symmetrical about its central axis for fluted disc 5, when 5 tooth of fluted disc passes through first sensor 10, first sensor 10 is away from 5 tooth 1-4mm of fluted disc, fluted disc
When 5 teeth pass through second sensor 11, second sensor is away from 5 tooth 1-4mm of fluted disc, and 3rd sensor 12 is for measuring shaft 3 to be measured
The time to rotate a circle, motor 1 are connect with shaft 3 to be measured by flexible coupling 2, and flexible coupling 2 is for amplifying to be measured turn
The torsional oscillation of axis 3 is provided with first bearing 6 and second bearing 7 in shaft 3 to be measured, and fluted disc 5 is mounted on first bearing 6 and the second axis
Between shaft to be measured 3 where holding 7, signal pickup assembly 14 includes data collecting card and computer, and first sensor 10, second passes
Sensor 11 and 3rd sensor 12 are connect by conditioning circuit with signal pickup assembly 14 respectively.
First bearing 6 is connect with first bearing seat 8, and second bearing 7 is connect with second bearing seat 9, first bearing seat 8 and examination
It tests platform 13 to be bolted to connection, second bearing seat 9 is bolted to connection with testing stand 13.
High-pass filtering is installed between first sensor 10, second sensor 11 and 3rd sensor 12 and conditioning circuit
Device.
First sensor 10, second sensor 11 and 3rd sensor 12 are respectively fixedly disposed on fixed frame, fixed frame
It is fixedly connected by bolt with testing stand 13.
First sensor 10, second sensor 11 and 3rd sensor 12 are current vortex sensor in the present embodiment.
Motor 1 can directly pass through included control using DC exciting motor, DC exciting motor in the present embodiment
Device controls revolving speed.
In the present embodiment, the signal pickup assembly 14 used counts capture card and count with NI9401 for NI9401 to be acquired
Block matched industrial panel computer.
A method of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test, principle is as shown in fig. 6, method and step are as follows:
Step 1: processing groove 4: opening a slot 4 in shaft to be measured, and the 3rd sensor 12 is revolved for measuring the slot 4
The time circled, the 3rd sensor 12 is away from shaft 1-4mm to be measured.
Step 2: calibration fluted disc 5 indexes: using slot 4 in shaft 3 to be measured as starting point, the every rotation of shaft 3 one week to be measured, the
Three sensors 12 can generate a pulse signal, first sensor 10 or second sensor 11 and generate one in 3rd sensor 12
During a pulse signal, each tooth elapsed time t during fluted disc 5 rotates a circle is measuredi(i=1,2,3 ...,
N is fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then the prover time difference Δ t between the adjacent teeth of fluted disc 5 can be obtainedi=ti+1-ti, passing through public affairs
The corresponding actual angle of each tooth, formula one is calculated in formula one are as follows:
Step 3: eliminating the bending vibration signal in first direction and second direction, first direction and second direction are in 5 institute of fluted disc
Plane, first direction be first sensor 10 pop one's head in center and second sensor 11 pop one's head in the line of centres where side
To first direction is horizontal direction in the present embodiment, and second direction is vertical direction, process are as follows:
3.1, the elimination of 3 horizontal direction bending vibration signal of shaft to be measured；
High-pass filter between first sensor 10 and second sensor 11 and conditioning circuit is opened, high wave is filtered
The cutoff frequency of device is set as 1.8~2.3 times of 3 speed of shaft to be measured.
3.2, the elimination of 3 vertical direction bending vibration signal of shaft to be measured:
First sensor 10 and second sensor 11 measure 5 tooth elapsed time of fluted disc simultaneously, by signal pickup assembly 14
Processing obtains the transient speed of 5 tooth of fluted disc, and principle is, due to the presence of vertical direction bending vibration, to cause first sensor 10
The arc length of 5 tooth of fluted disc sensed with second sensor 11 changes, and when 180 degree is symmetrically installed two sensors, if
The variation of arc length caused by bending vibration on vertical direction can make sensor generate identical, the contrary increment of size, the signal
The instantaneous angular velocity phase adduction averaged that the processing of acquisition device 14 obtains, can eliminate the bending vibration signal on vertical direction.
Step 4: calculate torsional oscillation angular speed: when torsional oscillation occurs for shaft 3 to be measured, first sensor 10 or second sensor 11
The reality for recording each tooth passes through torsional oscillation time tj(j=1,2,3 ..., n are fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then can be obtained adjacent teeth
Between torsional oscillation time difference Δ tj=tj+1-tj, mean angular velocity is calculated by formula twoFormula two are as follows:
Instantaneous angular velocity ωnAccording to the minute of angle θ of the single tooth of fluted disc 5 after correctionnPass through torsional oscillation time Δ with single tooth
tj, acquired by formula three, formula three are as follows:
And according to the minute of angle θ of each toothn, torsional oscillation angular velocity omega is sought with formula fours, formula four are as follows:
Step 5: torsional oscillation angular displacement is calculated by formula five and is shown in signal pickup assembly 14, formula five
Are as follows:
t1Pass through the time difference of sensor, i.e. t for adjacent 5 tooth of fluted disc1=Δ tj。
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, all in essence of the invention not to limit the present invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, characterized in that it comprises: motor (1), fluted disc (5), first pass
Sensor (10), second sensor (11) and 3rd sensor (12), the fluted disc (5) are rotatable setting, the fluted disc (5)
Both sides are equipped with first sensor (10) and second sensor (11), the first sensor (10) and second sensor (11) phase
It is substantially symmetrical about its central axis for the fluted disc (5), when fluted disc (5) tooth passes through first sensor (10), the first sensor
(10) away from the fluted disc (5) tooth 1-4mm, when fluted disc (5) tooth passes through second sensor (11), the second sensor (11)
1-4mm away from the fluted disc (5) tooth, the 3rd sensor (12) is for measuring the time that shaft to be measured (3) rotates a circle.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, which is characterized in that further include: letter
Number acquisition device (14), the signal pickup assembly (14) includes data collecting card and computer, the first sensor (10),
Two sensors (11) and 3rd sensor (12) are connect by conditioning circuit with the signal pickup assembly (14) respectively.
3. according to claim 2 a kind of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, which is characterized in that described first passes
Sensor (10), second sensor (11) and 3rd sensor (12) are equipped with high-pass filter between conditioning circuit respectively.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, which is characterized in that described first passes
Sensor (10), second sensor (11) and 3rd sensor (12) are that current vortex sensor or photoelectric sensor or magneto-electric pass
Sensor.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, which is characterized in that the fluted disc
(5) it is replaced by code-disc.
6. a kind of method based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test, which is characterized in that including described in claim 1-5 any one
Based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test system, method and step are as follows:
Step 1: processing groove (4): opening a slot (4) on shaft to be measured (3), and the 3rd sensor (12) is described for measuring
The time that slot (4) rotates a circle, the 3rd sensor (12) is away from shaft to be measured (3) 1-4mm.
Step 2: calibration fluted disc (5) indexing: using the slot (4) on shaft to be measured (3) as starting point, the every rotation of shaft (3) to be measured
One week, first sensor (10) or second sensor (11) measured fluted disc (5) during shaft to be measured (3) rotates a circle
Each tooth elapsed time t during rotating a circlei(i=1,2,3 ..., n are fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then can be obtained tooth
Prover time difference Δ t between the adjacent teeth of disk (5)i=ti+1-ti, the corresponding reality of each tooth is being calculated by formula one
Angle, formula one are as follows:
Step 3: eliminating the bending vibration signal in first direction and second direction, the first direction and second direction are vertical, process
Are as follows:
3.1. the elimination of shaft (3) first direction bending vibration signal to be measured:
High-pass filter between first sensor (10) and second sensor (11) and conditioning circuit is opened, by high-pass filtering
The cutoff frequency of device is set as 1.8~2.3 times of shaft to be measured (3) speed.
3.2. the elimination of shaft (3) second direction bending vibration signal to be measured:
First sensor (10) and second sensor (11) measure fluted disc (5) tooth elapsed time simultaneously, by the signal acquisition
Device (14) processing obtains the transient speed of fluted disc (5) tooth, and principle is, due to the presence of second direction bending vibration, can cause the
The arc length of fluted disc (5) tooth that one sensor (10) and second sensor (11) sense changes, and fluted disc (5) both sides 180
Degree is when being symmetrically installed two sensors, if arc length caused by the bending vibration in second direction changes, sensor can be made to generate size
Identical, contrary increment, the signal pickup assembly (14) handle obtained instantaneous angular velocity phase adduction averaged,
The bending vibration signal in second direction can be eliminated.
Step 4: calculate torsional oscillation angular speed: when torsional oscillation occurs for shaft to be measured (3), first sensor (10) or second sensor
(11) record each tooth is actually passed through torsional oscillation time tj(j=1,2,3 ..., n are fluted disc (5) tooth serial number), then can be obtained phase
Torsional oscillation time difference △ t between adjacent toothj=tj+1-tj, mean angular velocity is calculated by formula twoFormula two are as follows:
Instantaneous angular velocity ωnAccording to the minute of angle θ of the single tooth of fluted disc (5) after correctionnPass through torsional oscillation time Δ with single tooth
tj, acquired by formula three, formula three are as follows:
And according to the minute of angle θ of each toothn, torsional oscillation angular velocity omega is sought with formula fours, formula four are as follows:
Step 5: torsional oscillation angular displacement is calculated by formula five and is shown in signal pickup assembly (14), formula five
Are as follows:
t1Pass through the time difference of sensor, i.e. t for adjacent fluted disc (5) tooth1=Δ tj。
7. a kind of method based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test according to claim 6, the slot (4) by it is described to
It surveys on shaft (3) and iron block replacement, when the iron block passes through 3rd sensor (12), the 3rd sensor (12) is welded and fixed
Away from iron block 1-4mm.
8. a kind of method based on pulsed shafting torsional vibration test according to claim 6, the slot (4) by it is described to
It surveys on shaft (3) and pastes magnet replacement, when the magnet passes through 3rd sensor (12), the 3rd sensor (12) is away from magnet
1-4mm。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110146719A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 陈许辉 | A kind of fluted disc speed measuring system and Speed Measurement Method of Fluted Disc |
| CN111038516A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 智车优行科技（上海）有限公司 | Method and system for improving torsional vibration of half shaft of electric automobile and electric automobile |
| CN111256971A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-09 | 东南大学 | Turbine small shaft bending vibration and torsional vibration parallel measurement method based on overspeed protection signal |
| CN112230012A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device and method |
| CN112556825A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-03-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Complex environment torsional vibration test system and test method thereof |
| CN114088325A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-25 | 大连海事大学 | Shafting multi-measuring-point synchronous torsional vibration high-precision monitoring method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110146719A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 陈许辉 | A kind of fluted disc speed measuring system and Speed Measurement Method of Fluted Disc |
| CN111038516A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 智车优行科技（上海）有限公司 | Method and system for improving torsional vibration of half shaft of electric automobile and electric automobile |
| CN111038516B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-27 | 智车优行科技（上海）有限公司 | Method and system for improving torsional vibration of half shaft of electric automobile and electric automobile |
| CN111256971A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-09 | 东南大学 | Turbine small shaft bending vibration and torsional vibration parallel measurement method based on overspeed protection signal |
| CN111256971B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-12-07 | 东南大学 | Turbine small shaft bending vibration and torsional vibration parallel measurement method based on overspeed protection signal |
| CN112230012A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Instantaneous fluctuation rotating speed measuring device and method |
| CN112556825A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-03-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Complex environment torsional vibration test system and test method thereof |
| CN114088325A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-25 | 大连海事大学 | Shafting multi-measuring-point synchronous torsional vibration high-precision monitoring method |
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