CN112228297B - Electrothermal driver with ultrahigh response speed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrothermal driver with ultrahigh response speed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
Abstract
An electric heating driver with ultra-fast response speed is characterized in that a double-layer structure is formed by a polymer film and a silver nanowire/adhesive layer attached to the polymer film, a conductive electrode is coated on the silver nanowire/adhesive layer at one end of the double-layer structure and used for connecting a lead, and one end coated with the conductive electrode is longitudinally cut from the middle to form a U shape; the silver nanowire with excellent conductivity is combined with the polymer film with a large thermal expansion coefficient, and the double-layer electric heating driver is formed under the action of the binder, so that the problems of slow response and high driving voltage of the electric heating driver are solved, the prepared mixed silver nanowire electric heating driver has excellent response speed, the bending at 360 degrees only needs 0.08s, and the driving voltage only needs 1V.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrothermal drive, and relates to an electrothermal driver with ultra-fast response speed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The driver is a key control element in an intelligent switch, an intelligent robot and intelligent equipment, and plays a core role in executing internal instructions of an intelligent system. With the rapid development and popularization of intelligent robots and intelligent systems, the requirements for drivers are higher and higher, and the drivers need to have high response speed, large deformation and high energy conversion efficiency. The electric heating driver is a driving device which converts electric energy into heat energy and drives the material to deform by utilizing the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the material. The electrothermal driver has the advantages of simple preparation, strong controllability, large deformation and higher energy conversion efficiency. However, the response speed of the electrothermal driver is slow, generally between 1 and 20 seconds, which seriously affects the application of the electrothermal driver in an intelligent system.
In general, the electrothermal driver utilizes the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the conductive layer and the substrate to cause the deformation difference between the conductive layer and the substrate when the conductive layer is electrified to generate heat, so as to cause bending, and the conductive layer usually includes carbon nanotubes, metal plating, graphene, etc. (for example, CN110183704A, CN108284430A, CN106739236B) to increase the conductivity of the electrothermal driver and increase the response speed of the electrothermal driver; the bending angle of the electrothermal driver is increased by selecting the substrate with large difference with the thermal expansion coefficient of the conductive layer, so that the driving effect is improved. However, these electro-thermal drivers are either slow in response speed or high in driving voltage, so that the overall electro-thermal driving performance still does not meet practical requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel electro-thermal driver, which combines a high response speed with a low driving voltage to ensure excellent electro-thermal driving performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing electrothermal driver, the invention provides the electrothermal driver with ultra-high response speed and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an electric heating driver with ultra-fast response speed is characterized in that a double-layer structure is formed by a polymer film and a silver nanowire/adhesive layer attached to the polymer film, a conductive electrode is coated on the silver nanowire/adhesive layer at one end of the double-layer structure and used for connecting a lead, and one end coated with the conductive electrode is longitudinally cut from the middle to form a U shape;
further:
the length of the electric heating driver is 1-20cm, the width of the electric heating driver is 0.1-20cm, and the length of the uncut part of the U-shaped structure is 0.1-10 cm;
in the double-layer structure, the thickness of the polymer film is 1-20 μm, and the thickness of the silver nanowire/adhesive layer is 100nm-2 μm;
the material of the high polymer film is linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride or paper;
the binder is one or a mixture of more than two of sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in any proportion; the mass ratio of the binder to the silver nanowires is 0.1-10: 1;
the diameter of the silver nanowire is 18-200nm, and the length of the silver nanowire is 1-200 mu m; more preferably, the silver nanowires are formed by mixing a coarse silver nanowire and a fine silver nanowire in a mass ratio of 12: 1, the diameter of the coarse silver nanowires is 150nm, the length of the coarse silver nanowires is 4.1 mu m, the diameter of the fine silver nanowires is 22nm, and the length of the fine silver nanowires is 1.0 mu m.
The preparation method of the electrothermal driver comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the binder solution and the silver nanowire solution to obtain a mixed solution;
the concentration of the binder solution is 0.001-10 wt%, and the solvent is one or a mixed solvent of more than two of water, ethanol, methanol and polypropylene alcohol in any proportion;
the concentration of the silver nanowire solution is 0.1-25mg/mL, and the solvent is one or a mixed solvent of more than two of water, ethanol, methanol and polypropylene alcohol in any proportion;
(2) covering a high polymer film on a substrate (such as organic glass), treating the substrate with ultraviolet and ozone for 10min, coating the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) on the high polymer film, drying the high polymer film, peeling the composite film from the substrate, cutting the composite film into a required shape and size, coating a conductive electrode on the silver nanowire/adhesive layer at one end of the film for connecting a lead, and cutting the end of the film coated with the conductive electrode longitudinally from the middle to form a U shape to obtain the electrothermal driver;
the mixed solution can be coated by blade coating, spin coating or spray coating;
the conductive electrode is silver, copper or indium-gallium alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention combines the silver nano-wire with excellent conductivity with the polymer film with large thermal expansion coefficient, and forms the double-layer electric heating actuator under the action of the adhesive. The invention solves the problems of slow response and high driving voltage of the electric heating driver, and the prepared mixed silver nanowire electric heating driver has excellent response speed, the bending of 360 degrees only needs 0.08s, and the driving voltage only needs 1V. At present, no electrothermal driver with response speed within 0.1 second is reported in the literature and the patent.
The electric heating driver has the advantages of high response speed, large deformation amount, high energy conversion efficiency, simple and easy method, low cost and batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of the thin film of the mixed silver nanowire of example 4, and it can be seen from the image that the thickness of the flexible conductive thin film of the mixed silver nanowire of example 4 is about 0.6 μm.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the hybrid silver nanowire/linear low density polyethylene electro-thermal actuator of example 4.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the performance of the mixed silver nanowire/linear low density polyethylene electric thermal actuator of example 4, and it can be seen from the graph that the mixed silver nanowire/ultrathin linear low density polyethylene electric thermal actuator of example 4 has excellent response speed, and only 0.08s is required for bending 360 ° at a driving voltage of 1V.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific examples, without restricting its scope to these.
Example 1:
adding fresh AgNO3(0.9g) was added to 20mL of ethylene glycol and mixed ultrasonically in an ice-water bath at 4-8 ℃ for 5-6 minutes until completely dissolved. Adding CuCl2·2H2O (0.0132g) was dissolved in 16mL of ethylene glycol. PVP (K30, 0.421g) and PVP (K90, 0.406g) were dissolved in 115mL of ethylene glycol and heated at 130 ℃ for 25 minutes to achieve complete dissolution, then heated to 140 ℃ in a 250mL flask in an oil bath. Subsequently, 3.2mL of CuCl were added over 5 minutes2Solution and 20mL AgNO3The solution was added dropwise to the PVP solution. The reaction was held for 50 minutes. After the reaction was complete, the flask was removed from the oil bath and the solution was quenched to room temperature, resulting in a crude silver nanowire product.
Example 2:
prepare (A)220.0mM NaBr, (B)210.0mM NaCl and (C)505.0mM PVP K90 in ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol (116mL), solution A (1mL), solution B (2mL) were combined in that orderSolution C (15mL) and fresh AgNO3(0.6765g in 15mL of ethylene glycol) was added to a 250mL flask in an oil bath at room temperature. The solution was then run at 300rpm min-1Mechanically stirring for 30 min. After stirring, the temperature of the oil bath was slowly raised to 180 ℃ over 20-25 minutes. Meanwhile, during the heating, nitrogen (150mL min) was added-1) Is introduced into the solution. When the temperature reached 180 ℃, the nitrogen was turned off and the temperature of the oil bath was set to 170 ℃. After 10 minutes, the stirring was stopped and the reaction was held for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the flask was removed from the oil bath and the solution was cooled in water to room temperature, yielding a crude product of fine silver nanowires.
Example 3:
and purifying the crude silver nanowires and the crude fine silver nanowires through dynamic stirring induced centrifugal purification. The prepared crude silver nanowire product was mixed with deionized water and then poured into a filter membrane type cylindrical chamber with holes (8 μm) with a mechanical stirrer set at 900rpm at the highest speed with a six-hole stirring paddle. Deionized water was continuously flowed into the filtration apparatus to compensate for the removed filtrate solution and maintain a stable silver nanowire concentration in the feed solution. After purification (60 minutes), the continuous addition of deionized water was stopped while stirring and rinsing continued to concentrate the solution to the desired silver nanowire concentration. The purified silver nanowires were collected from the bottom of the filter membrane-based cylindrical chamber.
Example 4:
the diameter of the coarse silver nanowire of this example was 150nm, the length was 4.1 μm, the diameter of the fine silver nanowire was 22nm, the length was 1.0 μm, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) was 502.7X 10-6K-1The mass ratio of the coarse silver nanowires to the fine silver nanowires is 12: 1, the concentration of the adhesive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is 10mg/mL, the solvent of the coarse and fine mixed silver nanowire solution is deionized water, and the total concentration of the silver nanowire solution is 2.1 mg/mL. The volume ratio of the binder solution to the silver nanowire solution is 1: 4. the plexiglass was covered with linear low density polyethylene and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 10 minutes. Using an automatic coater on a linear low density polyethylene substrate at 120mm s-1Coating speed ofAnd preparing the mixed silver nanowire film. The coating film was dried in the atmosphere at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes. The silver nanowire/linear low density polyethylene film was peeled from the substrate and cut into the desired shape and size. And connecting copper wires to two ends of the heater by using conductive silver paste so as to connect the copper wires to a power supply, thus obtaining the mixed silver nanowire/ultrathin linear low-density polyethylene electric heating driver.
The resulting electro-thermal actuator had a length of 5.0cm and a width of 1.0cm, the uncut portion of the U-shaped structure had a length of 0.5cm, the linear low density polyethylene film had a thickness of 8.9 μm, and the silver nanowire/binder layer had a thickness of 0.6 μm.
Example 5:
the diameter of the coarse silver nanowire in the present example was 150nm, the length was 4.1 μm, the diameter of the fine silver nanowire was 22nm, the length was 1.0 μm, and the thermal expansion coefficient of Polyimide (PI) was 20.0X 10-6K-1The mass ratio of the coarse silver nanowires to the fine silver nanowires is 12: 1, the concentration of the adhesive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is 10mg/mL, the solvent of the coarse and fine mixed silver nanowire solution is deionized water, and the total concentration of the silver nanowire solution is 2.1 mg/mL. The volume ratio of the binder solution to the silver nanowire solution is 1: 5. polyimide was coated on plexiglass and then treated with ultraviolet ozone for 10 minutes. Using an automatic coater on a polyimide substrate at 120mm s-1The coating speed of (3) to prepare mixed silver nanowire films. The coating film was dried in the atmosphere at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes. The silver nanowire/polyimide film was peeled from the substrate and cut into the desired shape and size. And connecting copper wires to two ends of the heater by using conductive silver paste so as to connect the copper wires to a power supply, thus obtaining the mixed silver nanowire/polyimide electric heating driver.
The length of the obtained electrothermal actuator is 5.0cm, the width is 1.0cm, the length of the uncut part of the U-shaped structure is 0.5cm, the thickness of the polyimide film is 8.9 μm, and the thickness of the silver nanowire/adhesive layer is 0.6 μm.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE (CN110183704A)
The ink was uniformly coated on one side of the PET film. The ink is prepared by dissolving carbon black (3-5%), polyurethane (30%) in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and acetone (20%/80%). The ink layer thickness was 1.2 μm. The SACNT thin film grown on the silicon wafer by chemical vapor deposition has the thickness of 249 μm, the diameter of the carbon nano tube is about 10nm, and the wall number is 9. And pulling out the carbon nanotube array from the SACNT film by using a blade, laying 30 layers on the other side of the pet film to form an SACNT layer, and infiltrating the SACNT film with absolute ethyl alcohol to densify the SACNT film.
The comparison shows that the preparation process is simple and easy to implement, the cost is low, and the prepared electrothermal driver has excellent response speed.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Experiments and technical solutions, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an electric heating driver with ultrahigh response speed is characterized in that the electric heating driver is of a double-layer structure formed by a polymer film and a silver nanowire/adhesive layer attached to the polymer film, a conductive electrode is coated on the silver nanowire/adhesive layer at one end of the double-layer structure and used for connecting a lead, and one end coated with the conductive electrode is longitudinally cut from the middle to form a U shape;
the binder is one or a mixture of more than two of sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in any proportion;
the diameter of the silver nanowire is 18-200nm, and the length of the silver nanowire is 1-200 mu m;
the silver nanowires are formed by mixing a coarse silver nanowire and a fine silver nanowire in a mass ratio of 12: 1, the diameter of the coarse silver nanowire is 150nm, the length of the coarse silver nanowire is 4.1 mu m, the diameter of the fine silver nanowire is 22nm, and the length of the fine silver nanowire is 1.0 mu m;
the preparation method of the electrothermal driver comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the binder solution and the silver nanowire solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) covering a high polymer film on a substrate, treating the substrate with ultraviolet and ozone for 10min, coating the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) on the high polymer film, drying the high polymer film, peeling the composite film from the substrate, cutting the composite film into a required shape and size, coating a conductive electrode on the silver nanowire/adhesive layer at one end of the film for connecting a lead, and cutting the film from the middle of the end coated with the conductive electrode along the longitudinal direction to form a U shape to obtain the electric heating driver.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer thin film has a thickness of 1 to 20 μm and the silver nanowire/binder layer has a thickness of 100nm to 2 μm in the double-layer structure.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer film is made of linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, or polyvinyl chloride.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the silver nanowires is 0.1 to 10: 1.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the binder solution is 0.001 to 10 wt%, and the solvent is one or a mixture of two or more of water, ethanol, methanol, and polyallyl alcohol at any ratio.
6. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the silver nanowire solution is 0.1-25mg/mL, and the solvent is one or a mixed solvent of more than two of water, ethanol, methanol and polypropylene alcohol in any proportion.
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