CN112225187A - Preparation method and application of porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material Download PDF

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CN112225187A
CN112225187A CN202011102942.2A CN202011102942A CN112225187A CN 112225187 A CN112225187 A CN 112225187A CN 202011102942 A CN202011102942 A CN 202011102942A CN 112225187 A CN112225187 A CN 112225187A
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source
composite material
solution
carbon fiber
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张海燕
刘振江
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/08Other phosphides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/21Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/21Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F9/22Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5805Phosphides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of transition metal phosphide composite materials. The application provides a preparation method and application of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the steps of dissolving a phosphorus source and a molybdenum source into a solution, adding a pore-forming agent and a carbon source to prepare a spinning solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning and carrying out high-temperature carbonization, and generating a dispersed and uniform pore structure on the surface of a fiber through the shrinkage of the pore-forming agent during pyrolysis, so that the volume effect caused by ion embedding and separation in the circulation process can be effectively relieved, and the circulation stability of the material is improved. According to the preparation method, an etching agent and a template agent are not needed, a large number of centrifugation and water washing processes are avoided, the operation is simple, the appearance is stable and controllable, and the continuous preparation is facilitated. The porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the method can be used as a sodium ion battery cathode, can still maintain the specific capacity of more than 100mAh/g after being cycled for 1200 times under the current density of 1A/g, and has good rate capability.

Description

Preparation method and application of porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of transition metal phosphide composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material.
Background
The performance of the sodium ion battery is slightly worse than that of the lithium ion battery during high-rate discharge, but the sodium ion battery has the advantages of large-scale energy storage of a power grid and other energy storage fields because of low manufacturing cost, stable material structure performance and safety during use.
Transition metal phosphide is based on the energy storage mechanism of conversion reaction, and the ideal selection of the anode material of the sodium ion battery is called as the higher theoretical capacity and the lower sodium storage voltage, but the commercialization progress of the phosphide is hindered by the poor rate capability and the larger volume expansion in the cycle. The porous structure can be used as an effective modification means to effectively relieve the stress generated by the volume effect of the electrode in the charge-discharge cycle, prevent the material from being pulverized, and promote the electrolyte to be fully infiltrated on the surface of the electrode.
The traditional pore-forming method usually adopts a route of using a hard template in synthesis and then removing the hard template through a reagent, for example, in a patent (CN110479332A), a phosphorus source/molybdenum source/carbon source is used as a raw material, sodium chloride is used as a pore-forming agent, and porous molybdenum phosphide nanosheets are obtained through freeze drying, calcining and washing, so that the process is complicated and a large amount of template agent is consumed. Or a method of self-assembly of a large amount of surfactants is used for constructing a pore structure, for example, in the patent (CN110350181A), a nano porous silicon negative electrode material is prepared by etching and pore-forming nano silicon particles by using hydrofluoric acid, the raw material needs to be strictly pretreated, and the use of the hydrofluoric acid consumes active components and generates corrosive waste acid.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a preparation method and application of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material, the preparation process is simple to operate, the process time is short, and an etching agent and a template agent are not used.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the application provides a preparation method of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: dissolving a phosphorus source and a molybdenum source into the solution, adding a pore-forming agent and a carbon source, and stirring to obtain a spinning solution;
s2: carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution to obtain a composite fiber membrane;
s3: carrying out high-temperature carbonization on the composite fiber membrane to obtain a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material;
the pore-forming agent is selected from pyrrole, aniline or thiophene.
In the application, the pore-forming agent is polymerized on the surface of the phosphorus-molybdenum compound to generate a compound, so that the conductivity of the spinning solution can be improved. In the high-temperature treatment process, the phosphorus-molybdenum compound and the pore-forming agent are decomposed and shrunk, so that a pore channel can be formed on the surface of the fiber, a stable pore channel structure is formed, the volume effect caused by ion embedding and separation in the circulation process can be effectively relieved, and the circulation stability of the material is improved. According to the preparation method, an etching agent and a template agent are not needed, a large number of centrifugation and water washing processes are avoided, the operation is simple, the appearance is stable and controllable, and the continuous preparation is facilitated.
Preferably, the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source in S1 are selected from phosphomolybdic acid or ammonium phosphomolybdate;
the carbon source is selected from one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the pore-forming agent to the solution is (0.5-5): 1.
Preferably, the solute of the solution in S1 is selected from phytic acid, sodium phytate or potassium phytate;
the solvent of the solution is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide.
In the application, the adopted solution can enable the spinning solution to have higher redox activity and stronger dissolving capacity; the coordination capacity is strong, the interaction force between transition metal and phosphide can be enhanced, and the phosphorus content of the product is improved; the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material has good conductivity, so that the operating voltage can be reduced, and the cycling stability and the rate capability of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material are improved. Among them, phytic acid can be used as a cross-linking agent to improve the conductivity. In addition, the selection of the solvents is favorable for forming stable and continuous spinning jet flow due to high dielectric constant and high conductivity, is favorable for stretching and curing the jet flow, and avoids the blockage of a nozzle caused by too fast volatilization of the spinning solution.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the solute to the solution is (0.05-0.25): 1.
Preferably, the total amount of the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source used in S1 is 5 to 30 wt% in the solution;
the mass ratio of the total consumption of the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source to the carbon source is (0.15-1.5): 1.
Preferably, the positive high voltage of the electrostatic spinning in S2 is 5-16kV, the negative high voltage is 0.2-2kV, the distance between the needle and the receiver is 5-20cm, the inner diameter of the needle is 0.33-0.9mm, the injection speed of the needle is 0.05-0.25mm/min, and the rotation speed of the receiver is 50-200 r/min.
Preferably, the electrospinning temperature in S2 is 25 to 55 ℃ and the relative humidity is 30 to 60%.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the high-temperature carbonization in S3 is 700-.
Preferably, the high-temperature carbonization in S3 is performed in N2、Ar、N2/H2Or Ar/H2Is carried out in an atmosphere of (2).
The application also provides the application of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the preparation method in the cathode of the sodium-ion battery.
In summary, the application provides a preparation method and application of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the steps of dissolving a phosphorus source and a molybdenum source into a solution, adding a pore-forming agent and a carbon source to prepare a spinning solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning and carrying out high-temperature carbonization, wherein a dispersed and uniform pore channel structure is generated on the surface of a fiber through the shrinkage of the pore-forming agent during pyrolysis, so that the volume effect caused by ion embedding and separation in the circulation process can be effectively relieved, and the circulation stability of the material is improved. According to the preparation method, an etching agent and a template agent are not needed, a large number of centrifugation and water washing processes are avoided, the operation is simple, the appearance is stable and controllable, and the continuous preparation is facilitated. The porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the method can be used as a sodium ion battery cathode, can still maintain the specific capacity of more than 100mAh/g after being cycled for 1200 times under the current density of 1A/g, and has good rate capability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the rate capability of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the cycle performance of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 2 of the present application at a current density of 0.5A/g;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 3 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the cycle performance at a current density of 1A/g for the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 3 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by a comparative example of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the rate capability of a molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the comparative example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1
(1) 1mL of 70% phytic acid solution was mixed with 9mL of DMF, and 0.5g of phosphomolybdic acid and 0.5mL of pyrrole were added and stirred continuously, and 1.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added and stirred well to form a uniform spinning dope.
(2) And (2) filling the spinning solution obtained in the step (1) into a syringe. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning by using electrostatic spinning equipment to obtain the composite fiber membrane. Wherein, a cylinder coated by aluminum foil is used as a receiver, the negative high voltage is-2 kV, the positive high voltage is 12kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity is 50%, and the ambient temperature is 50 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the composite fiber membrane obtained in the step (2) in a tubular furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min under the argon atmosphere, preserving the heat for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material.
An SEM image of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, and uniform and dispersed channels on the surface of the composite material can be obviously observed.
The prepared porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is used for carrying out rate capability on a sodium ion battery cathode, and the test result is shown in figure 2, and the figure shows that the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in the embodiment of the application has a specific capacity of about 400mAh/g at 100mA/g and can still approach 200mAh/g at 2A/g.
Example 2
(1) 1.5mL of 70% phytic acid solution was mixed with 8.5mL of DMF, and 0.5g of phosphomolybdic acid and 0.5mL of pyrrole were added thereto under stirring, and 1.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added thereto and stirred well to form a uniform spinning dope.
(2) And (2) filling the spinning solution obtained in the step (1) into an injector, and performing electrostatic spinning by using electrostatic spinning equipment to obtain the composite fiber membrane. Wherein, a cylinder coated by aluminum foil is used as a receiver, the negative high voltage is-2 kV, the positive high voltage is 12kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the relative humidity is 50%, and the ambient temperature is 50 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the composite fiber membrane obtained in the step (2) in a tubular furnace, heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere, preserving the heat for 1h, and naturally cooling to obtain the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material.
The prepared porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is used for a sodium ion battery cathode to carry out a cycle performance test, the test result is shown in figure 3, and the figure shows that the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in the embodiment of the application has a discharge specific capacity of 200mAh/g under the current density of 0.5A/g, and has no attenuation after 50 cycles.
Example 3
(1) 1mL of 70% phytic acid solution was mixed with 9mL of DMF, and 0.5g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1.5mL of pyrrole were added and stirred continuously, and 1.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added and stirred well to form a uniform spinning dope.
(2) And (2) filling the spinning solution obtained in the step (1) into an injector, and performing electrostatic spinning by using electrostatic spinning equipment to obtain the composite fiber membrane. Wherein, a cylinder coated by aluminum foil is used as a receiver, the negative high voltage is-2 kV, and the positive high voltage is 10 kV; the receiving distance is 15 cm; the relative humidity was 45% and the ambient temperature was 55 ℃.
(3) Putting the composite fiber membrane obtained in the step (2) into a tube furnace, and carrying out Ar/H2Atmosphere (volume ratio Ar: H)20.95: 0.05) is heated to 800 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min and is kept warm for 2h, and the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is obtained after natural cooling.
An SEM image of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared in example 3 of the application is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the composite material has uniform and dispersed channels on the surface.
The prepared porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is used for a cycle performance test of a sodium ion battery cathode under 1A/g, the test result is shown in figure 5, and the figure shows that the material still has the capacity of more than 100mAh/g after 1200 cycles.
Comparative example
On the basis of example 1, the only difference is that no pyrrole is added in step (1), but the composite material obtained after high-temperature carbonization is treated with 10% HF solution in step (3), and the SEM image of the prepared molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that no obvious pore channel structure is generated.
The prepared molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is used for carrying out rate capability test on a sodium ion battery cathode, the test result is shown in figure 7, and the graph shows that the rate capability of the molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber material prepared by the comparative example is poor, and the discharge specific capacity is rapidly reduced along with the increase of current.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dissolving a phosphorus source and a molybdenum source into the solution, adding a pore-forming agent and a carbon source, and stirring to obtain a spinning solution;
s2: carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution to obtain a composite fiber membrane;
s3: carrying out high-temperature carbonization on the composite fiber membrane to obtain a porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material;
the pore-forming agent is selected from pyrrole, aniline or thiophene.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source in S1 are selected from phosphomolybdic acid or ammonium phosphomolybdate;
the carbon source is selected from one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the pore-forming agent to the solution is (0.5-5): 1.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solute of the solution in S1 is selected from phytic acid, sodium phytate and potassium phytate;
the solvent of the solution is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the solute to the solution is (0.05-0.25): 1.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source used in S1 is 5 to 30 wt% in the solution;
the mass ratio of the total consumption of the phosphorus source and the molybdenum source to the carbon source is (0.15-1.5): 1.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrospinning in S2 has a positive high voltage of 5 to 16kV, a negative high voltage of 0.2 to 2kV, a distance between the needle and the receiver of 5 to 20cm, an inner diameter of the needle of 0.33 to 0.9mm, a needle pushing speed of 0.05 to 0.25mm/min, and a receiver rotation speed of 50 to 200 r/min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrospinning temperature of S2 is 25 to 55 ℃ and the relative humidity is 30 to 60%.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of the high temperature carbonization in S3 is 700-1000 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 1-10 ℃/min, and the reaction time is 1-5 h.
10. The application of the porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9 in the negative electrode of a sodium-ion battery.
CN202011102942.2A 2020-10-15 2020-10-15 Preparation method and application of porous molybdenum phosphide/carbon fiber composite material Pending CN112225187A (en)

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CN113460983A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-10-01 常州工学院 Self-supporting transition metal phosphide/carbon composite material film, preparation method and application thereof, and battery
CN113460983B (en) * 2021-05-27 2022-09-02 常州工学院 Self-supporting transition metal phosphide/carbon composite material film, preparation method and application thereof, and battery
CN114438620A (en) * 2022-01-06 2022-05-06 苏州科技大学 Hierarchical porous molybdenum carbide nanofiber and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20210115