CN112211723B - Opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112211723B CN112211723B CN202010954333.3A CN202010954333A CN112211723B CN 112211723 B CN112211723 B CN 112211723B CN 202010954333 A CN202010954333 A CN 202010954333A CN 112211723 B CN112211723 B CN 112211723B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine which mainly comprises a first engine body, a cylinder sleeve, a piston guide oil cylinder, a second engine body, an oil cylinder sleeve, a hydraulic piston, a piston pin, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a hydraulic power transmission pipe, a stroke converter, a compression ratio control device, an air inlet control valve, an air inlet hole I, an air inlet hole II, an exhaust hole, an exhaust port, an injection device, a water sprayer, a combustion chamber, a crankcase and a power transmission chain. The hydraulic transmission principle is adopted, the layout of a double-crankshaft and double-crankshaft multi-gear transmission chain of the traditional opposed piston internal combustion engine is ingeniously omitted, the power transmission chain is greatly reduced, the number of parts is reduced, and the hydraulic transmission engine is simple in structure and compact in layout.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to an opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine.
Background
The opposed piston internal combustion engine can be widely applied by the advantages of no complex gas distribution system, small vibration and the like, but the power transmission output is carried out by adopting double crankshafts through a gear train, and a power transmission chain is long. Meanwhile, the intake and exhaust processes of the opposed-piston internal combustion engine are limited by an external supercharger, the combustion process is limited, the fuel is not fully combusted, and the energy conversion efficiency is low. In addition, conventional opposed-piston internal combustion engines suffer from their fixed crank-link mechanism with an unchangeable compression ratio and poor fuel or gas economy at part load.
The internal combustion engine for realizing simple and efficient power transmission is better suitable for wide application of power generation equipment, hybrid electric vehicles, gas heat pumps, cogeneration systems and distributed energy systems, and becomes a key problem to be solved by the conventional opposed piston internal combustion engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine, which realizes simple and efficient power transmission.
The opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine is characterized by comprising a first engine body 1, wherein a cylinder sleeve 2 is coaxially arranged in the middle of the first engine body 1; the air inlet and the air outlet of the first machine body 1 are respectively connected with a piston guide oil cylinder 4; an air inlet 15 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, the air inlet 15 is connected with an air inlet control valve 14, an air inlet hole 16 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, and an air inlet hole 17 is formed in the air inlet sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; an exhaust port 19 is arranged at the exhaust side of the first machine body 1, and exhaust holes 18 are arranged at the exhaust sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; the middle parts of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2 are provided with an injection device 20; the two ends of the first machine body 1 and the second machine body 5 are connected through a hydraulic power transmission pipe 11; two oil cylinder sleeves 6 are oppositely arranged in the second engine body 5, and a hydraulic piston 7 is arranged in each oil cylinder sleeve 6; a crankcase 23 is arranged in the middle of the second machine body 5, and a crankshaft 10 is arranged in the crankcase 23; the hydraulic piston 7 and the crankshaft 10 are connected through a piston pin 8 and a connecting rod 9; two pistons 3 are oppositely arranged in the cylinder sleeve 2, the heads of the pistons 3 are arranged in the cylinder sleeve 2, the connecting rods of the pistons 3 are arranged in a piston guide oil cylinder 4 and limited by the cylinder sleeve 2 and the piston guide oil cylinder 4, and the pistons 3 can reciprocate left and right; the opposite piston 3 transmits the power generated by combustion work to the hydraulic piston 7 of power output connected with the crankshaft 10 through a hydraulic transmission chain 24, so as to drive the crankshaft to carry out power output; the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the exhaust side of the engine body I1, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the piston guide oil cylinder 4 at the exhaust side, the inner wall surface 42 of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the piston 3 at the exhaust side form an exhaust compression chamber, the water sprayer 21 is fixed at the exhaust side, and the head of the water sprayer 21 is arranged in the exhaust compression chamber;
the following heat exchange modes and/or external combustion modes are/is adopted for effectively recycling the energy of the exhaust gas by utilizing the exhaust gas compression chamber:
a heat exchange mode: the discharged waste gas is subjected to heat exchange heating on the exhaust compression chamber from the exhaust hole 18 to the exhaust port 19;
an external combustion mode: when the hydraulic piston 7 moves to the bottom dead center, the water preheated by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust port 19 is sprayed into the exhaust compression chamber through the water sprayer 21 to become steam, so that the pressure in the exhaust compression chamber is continuously increased; the pistons 3 are driven to move from two sides of the combustion chamber 22 to the center of the combustion chamber 22 under the combined action of the pressure pushing of the exhaust compression chamber and the movement of the hydraulic piston 7 from the bottom dead center to the top dead center through the pressure conduction of hydraulic oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic transmission chain 24 is formed by filling hydraulic oil in a cavity formed by the bottom surface of the connecting rod of the piston 3, the inner wall surface of the piston guide cylinder 4, the inner wall surface of the hydraulic power transmission pipe 11, the inner wall surface of the cylinder sleeve 6 and the top surface of the hydraulic piston 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic transmission chain 24 is provided with a stroke converter 12, and the stroke converter 12 is used for limiting the diameters of the piston 3 connecting rod and the hydraulic piston 7 and realizing variable motion strokes of the combustion working contact piston 3 and the power output hydraulic piston 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the compression ratio control device 13 is fixed on the stroke converter 12, the plunger in the compression ratio control device 13 can reciprocate in the stroke converter 12, and the plunger of the compression ratio control device 13 on two sides is controlled to move upwards or downwards so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is reduced or increased, and the compression ratio is increased or reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, the first air inlet 16, the second air inlet 17, the air inlet 15, the air inlet control valve 14, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the piston guide cylinder 4 on the air inlet side, the inner wall surface 42 of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the piston 3 on the air inlet side form an air inlet compression chamber; the air inlet compression chamber is utilized, and two modes of pre-compressing the air inlet in the combustion working process and pre-air inlet in the compression process are adopted to realize effective air inlet control, so that the running condition of the unit is widened.
In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal center line of the crankcase 23 arranged in the second engine body 5 is coincident with the central plane of the combustion chamber 22, so that the left and right mass of the internal combustion engine is equal.
In a preferred embodiment, the piston 3 and the hydraulic piston 7 are symmetrically arranged and move towards each other, so as to counteract the inertia force of the movement of the piston 3 and the hydraulic piston 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the injection device 20 is embodied as either a fuel injector or a water sprayer.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the layout of a double-crankshaft and double-crankshaft multi-gear transmission chain of the traditional opposed piston internal combustion engine is ingeniously omitted by adopting a hydraulic transmission principle, so that the power transmission chain is greatly reduced, the number of parts is reduced, the structure is simple, and the layout is compact; in addition, the stroke change of the combustion working contact piston is realized by changing the diameter of a connecting part corresponding to the pistons at the two ends in the hydraulic transmission chain and the diameter of the stroke converter; the volume of hydraulic oil of the hydraulic transmission chain is kept unchanged, and the minimum volume of the combustion chamber is changed through the position of a plunger of a compression ratio controller to realize the change of the compression ratio so as to meet the requirements of different load economic operation working conditions; the combustion work applying process is adopted to carry out pre-compression on the inlet air and the pre-inlet air in the compression process to realize effective control of the inlet air so as to widen the operation condition of the unit; the heat exchange and external combustion modes are adopted to effectively recycle the exhaust energy so as to improve the energy conversion efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an oblique view of the cylinder liner of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of an opposed-piston, single-shaft internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to fig. 1-2.
The opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a first engine body 1, wherein a cylinder sleeve 2 is coaxially arranged in the middle of the first engine body 1; the air inlet and outlet sides of the first machine body 1 are respectively connected with a piston guide oil cylinder 4; an air inlet 15 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, the air inlet 15 is connected with an air inlet control valve 14, an air inlet hole 16 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, and an air inlet hole 17 is formed in the air inlet sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; an exhaust port 19 is arranged at the exhaust side of the first machine body 1, and exhaust holes 18 are arranged at the exhaust sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; the middle parts of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2 are provided with an injection device 20; the two ends of the first machine body 1 and the second machine body 5 are connected through a hydraulic power transmission pipe 11; two oil cylinder sleeves 6 are oppositely arranged in the second engine body 5, and a hydraulic piston 7 is arranged in each oil cylinder sleeve 6; a crankcase 23 is arranged in the middle of the second machine body 5, and a crankshaft 10 is arranged in the crankcase 23; the hydraulic piston 7 and the crankshaft 10 are connected through a piston pin 8 and a connecting rod 9; two pistons 3 have been placed to the opposition in the cylinder jacket 2, and 3 heads of piston are in cylinder jacket 2, and 3 connecting rods of piston are in piston direction hydro-cylinder 4, receive cylinder jacket 2 and piston direction hydro-cylinder 4's limited, and reciprocating motion about the piston 3 can carry out. The opposed pistons 3 transmit power generated by combustion work to the power output hydraulic piston 7 connected to the crankshaft 10 via the hydraulic transmission chain 24, thereby driving the crankshaft to perform power output.
The hydraulic transmission chain 24 is formed by filling hydraulic oil in a cavity formed by the bottom surface of a connecting rod of the piston 3, the inner wall surface of the piston guide oil cylinder 4, the inner wall surface of the hydraulic power transmission pipe 11, the inner wall surface of the oil cylinder sleeve 6 and the top surface of the hydraulic piston 7. The hydraulic transmission chain 24 is provided with a stroke converter 12, and the stroke converter 12 is used for limiting the diameters of the piston 3 connecting rod and the hydraulic piston 7 and realizing variable motion strokes of the combustion working contact piston 3 and the power output hydraulic piston 7. The compression ratio control device 13 is fixed on the stroke converter 12, a plunger in the compression ratio control device 13 can reciprocate in the stroke converter 12, and the plungers of the compression ratio control devices 13 on two sides are controlled to move upwards or downwards so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is reduced or increased, and the compression ratio is increased or reduced.
An air inlet compression chamber is formed by the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the machine body I1, an air inlet hole I16, an air inlet hole II 17, an air inlet 15, an air inlet control valve 14, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the air inlet side piston guide oil cylinder 4, the inner wall surface 42 of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the air inlet side piston 3; the air inlet compression chamber is utilized, and two modes of pre-compressing the air inlet in the combustion working process and pre-air inlet in the compression process are adopted to realize effective air inlet control, so that the running condition of the unit is widened.
The inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the exhaust side of the machine body 1, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the piston guide cylinder 4 of the exhaust side, the inner wall surface 42 of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the piston 3 of the exhaust side form an exhaust compression chamber, the water sprayer 21 is fixed on the exhaust side, and the head of the water sprayer 21 is arranged in the exhaust compression chamber. The following heat exchange modes and/or external combustion modes are/is adopted for effectively recycling the energy of the exhaust gas by utilizing the exhaust gas compression chamber: 1 heat exchange mode: the discharged waste gas is subjected to heat exchange heating on the exhaust compression chamber from the exhaust hole 18 to the exhaust port 19; 2, external combustion mode: when the hydraulic piston 7 moves to the bottom dead center, the water preheated by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust port 19 is sprayed into the exhaust compression chamber through the water sprayer 21 to become steam, so that the pressure in the exhaust compression chamber is continuously increased; the pistons 3 are driven to move from two sides of the combustion chamber 22 to the center of the combustion chamber 22 under the combined action of the pressure pushing of the exhaust compression chamber and the movement of the hydraulic piston 7 from the bottom dead center to the top dead center through the pressure conduction of hydraulic oil.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine of the present embodiment is mainly composed of a first engine block 1, a cylinder liner 2, a piston 3, a piston guide cylinder 4, a second engine block 5, a cylinder liner 6, a hydraulic piston 7, a piston pin 8, a connecting rod 9, a crankshaft 10, a hydraulic power transmission pipe 11, a stroke converter 12, a compression ratio control device 13, an intake air control valve 14, an intake port 15, a first intake port 16, a second intake port 17, an exhaust port 18, an exhaust port 19, an injection device 20, a water sprayer 21, a combustion chamber 22, a crankcase 23, and a power transmission chain 24.
The opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine comprises a first engine body 1, wherein a cylinder sleeve 2 is coaxially arranged in the middle of the first engine body 1; the air inlet and outlet sides of the first machine body 1 are respectively connected with a piston guide oil cylinder 4; an air inlet 15 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, the air inlet 15 is connected with an air inlet control valve 14, an air inlet hole 16 is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, and an air inlet hole 17 is formed in the air inlet sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; an exhaust port 19 is arranged at the exhaust side of the first machine body 1, and exhaust holes 18 are arranged at the exhaust sides of the first machine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2; the middle parts of the first engine body 1 and the cylinder sleeve 2 are provided with an injection device 20 which can be an oil injector or an ignition oil injection coupler or an oil injection water injection coupler or an ignition water injection coupler; a water sprayer 21 is arranged on a piston guide oil cylinder 4 connected with the exhaust side of the first machine body 1; the two ends of the first machine body 1 and the second machine body 5 are connected through a hydraulic power transmission pipe 11 and a stroke converter 12 in sequence; two oil cylinder sleeves 6 are oppositely arranged in the second engine body 5, and a hydraulic piston 7 is arranged in each oil cylinder sleeve 6; a crankcase 23 is arranged in the middle of the second machine body 5, and a crankshaft 10 is arranged in the crankcase 23; the hydraulic piston 7 and the crankshaft 10 are connected through a piston pin 8 and a connecting rod 9; the stroke converter 21 is provided with a compression ratio control device 13.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first machine body 1 is fixedly connected with a piston guide oil cylinder 4; the boss of the cylinder sleeve 2 is arranged on the concave station at the air inlet side of the first machine body 1, so that the cylinder sleeve 2 is fixed on the first machine body 1; the cylinder sleeve 2 and the machine body I1 are provided with transverse guide grooves for limiting the axial rotation of the cylinder sleeve 2 and the machine body I1, so that the openings of the cylinder sleeve 2 and the machine body I1 are aligned to form an air inlet 16 and an air outlet 17; two pistons 3 are oppositely arranged in the cylinder sleeve 2, the heads of the pistons 3 are arranged in the cylinder sleeve 2, the connecting rods of the pistons 3 are arranged in a piston guide oil cylinder 4 and limited by the cylinder sleeve 2 and the piston guide oil cylinder 4, and the pistons 3 can reciprocate left and right; the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2 and the top surface of the head of the piston 3 form a combustion chamber 22, and the head of an injection device 20 fixedly arranged in the middle of the machine body I1 is arranged in the combustion chamber 22; the air inlet control valve 14 is fixedly connected to the machine body I1 and is communicated with the air inlet 15, and the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the machine body I1, the air inlet hole I16, the air inlet hole II 17, the air inlet 15, the air inlet control valve 14, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the air inlet side piston guide oil cylinder 4, the inner wall surface 42 of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the air inlet side piston 3 form an air inlet compression chamber; the water sprayer 21 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the exhaust side piston guide oil cylinder 4, an exhaust compression chamber is formed by the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 2, the inner cavity of the exhaust side of the engine body I1, the outer wall surface 41 of the guide section of the exhaust side piston guide oil cylinder 4, the inner wall surface 42 of the supporting seat and the bottom surface of the head of the exhaust side piston 3, and the head of the water sprayer 21 is arranged in the exhaust compression chamber; the second engine body 5 is fixedly connected with the first engine body 1, so that the longitudinal center line of a crank case 23 arranged in the second engine body 5 is superposed with the center plane of the combustion chamber 22, the left and right mass of the internal combustion engine is ensured to be equal, the pistons 3 and the hydraulic pistons 7 are symmetrically distributed and move in opposite directions, the motion inertia force of the pistons 3, the hydraulic pistons 7 and the like is effectively offset, and the dynamic balance performance is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional internal combustion engine.
The oil cylinder sleeve 6 and the second engine body 5 are fixedly installed by adopting a boss and a concave platform; the hydraulic piston 7 reciprocates left and right in the oil cylinder sleeve 6; the crankshaft 10 is arranged in a crankcase of the second machine body 5 to rotate; the hydraulic piston 7 is hinged with a crankshaft 10 through a piston pin 8 and a connecting rod 9, and the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic piston 7 and the rotating motion of the crankshaft 10 are mutually restrained; the piston guide oil cylinder 4, the hydraulic power transmission pipe 11, the stroke converter 12 and the second engine body 5 are fixedly connected with each other; the bottom surface of a connecting rod of a piston 3, the inner wall surface of a piston guide oil cylinder 4, the inner wall surface of a hydraulic power transmission pipe 11, the inner cavity of a stroke converter 12, the top surface of a plunger of a compression ratio control device 13, the inner wall surface of an oil cylinder sleeve 6 and the top surface of a hydraulic piston 7 are filled with hydraulic oil to form a hydraulic transmission chain 24, and the left and right reciprocating motion of the piston 3 and the left and right reciprocating motion of the hydraulic piston 7 are mutually controlled through the hydraulic transmission chain 24. The diameter of the communication part at the two ends of the stroke converter 12 is respectively equal to the diameter of the connecting rod of the piston 3 and the diameter of the hydraulic piston 7; the compression ratio control device 13 is fixed on the stroke converter 12, a plunger in the compression ratio control device 13 can reciprocate in the stroke converter 12, and the plungers of the compression ratio control devices 13 on two sides are controlled to move upwards or downwards so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is reduced or increased, and the compression ratio is increased or reduced.
The working principle of the opposed-piston single-shaft internal combustion engine of the embodiment is as follows:
the air inlet channel is used for injecting fuel oil or fuel gas and air to form combustible mixed gas, and the internal combustion engine is operated in an ignition mode as an example.
The combustion work-doing process: the crankshaft 10 rotates to drive the hydraulic pistons 7 on the two sides to move from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, and when the hydraulic pistons 7 on the two sides move to the vicinity of the top dead center, the spark plugs ignite and ignite the compressed combustible mixture gas; after the combustible mixed gas is combusted, the combustible mixed gas is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas, the pistons 3 on the two sides move from the center of the combustion chamber 22 to the two sides of the combustion chamber 22 under the pushing of the high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas, the hydraulic pistons 7 are pushed to move from the top dead center to the bottom dead center through hydraulic oil, and then the crankshaft is driven to rotate to do work outwards.
An exhaust and air intake process: along with the movement of the pistons 3 at the two sides to the two sides of the combustion chamber 22, the air inlet control valve 14 is closed, the air inlet compression chamber is closed, and the pistons 3 at the air inlet side compress the combustible mixture entering the air inlet compression chamber; the air in the compression chamber is compressed and exhausted by the exhaust side piston 3 and is exhausted out of the machine body through an exhaust hole 18 and an exhaust port 19 in sequence; when the bottom surface of the head of the exhaust-side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the exhaust hole 18, the exhaust compression chamber is closed, and the exhaust-side piston 3 compresses the gas in the exhaust compression chamber; as the pistons 3 on both sides continue to move towards both sides of the combustion chamber 22, firstly, when the top surface of the head of the piston 3 on the exhaust side exceeds the left edge of the exhaust hole 18, the waste gas in the combustion chamber 22 is discharged out of the engine body through the exhaust hole 18 and the exhaust hole 19 in sequence; with the further movement of the pistons 3 at the two sides to the two sides of the combustion chamber 22, when the top surface of the head of the piston 3 at the air inlet side exceeds the right edge of the air inlet hole II 17, the combustible mixed gas in the air inlet compression chamber sequentially enters the combustion chamber 22 through the air inlet hole I16 and the air inlet hole II 17, the combustible mixed gas entering the combustion chamber 22 sweeps the waste gas in the combustion chamber 22 leftwards, and the waste gas continues to sequentially pass through the exhaust hole 18 and the exhaust port 19 to be discharged out of the engine body; when the top surface of the head of the air inlet side piston 3 reaches the left edge of the air inlet hole II 17, the top surface of the head of the air outlet side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the air outlet hole 18, and the hydraulic piston 7 moves to the bottom dead center; the crankshaft 10 pushes the hydraulic piston 7 to move from a bottom dead center to a top dead center through a connecting rod 9 and a piston pin 8 by means of the rotation inertia force, and further pushes the piston 3 to move from two sides of the combustion chamber 22 to the center of the combustion chamber 22 through hydraulic oil; in the process that the top surface of the head of the exhaust side piston 3 moves from the right edge of the exhaust hole 18 to the left edge of the exhaust hole 18, the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 22 continues to be exhausted out of the engine body through the exhaust hole 18 and the exhaust hole 19 in sequence by means of inertia, and the exhaust process is finished when the top surface of the head of the exhaust side piston 3 reaches the left edge of the exhaust hole 18; as the pistons 3 on both sides continue to move towards the center of the combustion chamber 22, when the top surface of the head of the piston 3 on the inlet side reaches the right edge of the second inlet port 17, the combustion chamber 22 is isolated from the inlet compression chamber, and the inlet process is finished.
And (3) a compression process: when the top surface of the head of the air inlet side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the air inlet II 17 and continues to move towards the center of the combustion chamber 22, the combustion chamber 22 is closed, the compression process starts, and the combustible mixture entering the combustion chamber 22 is compressed along with the movement of the pistons 3 on the two sides; when the crankshaft 10 drives the hydraulic piston 7 to move to the top dead center, the pistons 3 on both sides move to the nearest position in the center of the combustion chamber 22, and the compression process is finished and enters the next working cycle.
The pre-air inlet process comprises the following steps: when the top surface of the head of the air inlet side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the air inlet II 17 and continues to move towards the center of the combustion chamber 22, the combustion chamber 22 is closed, the air inlet control valve 14 is controlled to be opened, the air inlet compression chamber is at negative pressure along with the movement of the air inlet side piston 3 towards the center of the combustion chamber 22, combustible mixed gas enters the air inlet compression chamber under the action of the negative pressure, the air inlet control valve 14 is controlled to be closed according to the rotating speed and torque requirements of the internal combustion engine, the pre-air inlet process is finished, and the air inlet compression chamber is closed.
The waste gas energy utilization process comprises the following steps: when the bottom surface of the head of the exhaust-side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the exhaust hole 18, the exhaust compression chamber is closed, and the exhaust-side piston 3 compresses the gas in the exhaust compression chamber; with the piston 3 on both sides continuing to move to both sides of the combustion chamber 22, when the top surface of the head of the piston 3 on the exhaust side exceeds the left edge of the exhaust hole 18 at first, the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 22 is exhausted from the engine body through the exhaust hole 18 and the exhaust hole 19 in sequence, and the exhausted exhaust gas carries out heat exchange heating on the exhaust compression chamber in the process from the exhaust hole 18 to the exhaust hole 19; when the top surface of the head of the exhaust side piston 3 reaches the right edge of the exhaust hole 18 and the hydraulic piston 7 moves to the bottom dead center, water preheated by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust port 19 is sprayed into the exhaust compression chamber through the water sprayer 21 to become steam so that the pressure in the exhaust compression chamber is continuously increased; the piston 3 is driven to move from two sides of the combustion chamber 22 to the center of the combustion chamber 22 under the combined action of the pressure pushing of the exhaust compression chamber and the movement of the hydraulic piston 7 from the bottom dead center to the top dead center through the pressure conduction of hydraulic oil; when the bottom surface of the head of the exhaust-side piston 3 moves from both sides of the combustion chamber 22 toward the center of the combustion chamber 22 to the right edge of the exhaust port 18, the gas in the exhaust compression chamber is discharged out of the engine body through the exhaust port 18 and the exhaust port 19.
Principle of variable compression ratio: the maximum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is the volume between the right edge of the second air inlet hole 17 and the left edge of the exhaust hole 18 and the volume contained in the cylinder sleeve 2, and the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is determined by the volume of hydraulic oil in a hydraulic transmission chain 24 and the position of a plunger of a compression ratio control device 13; the volume of the hydraulic oil filled in the hydraulic transmission chain 24 is kept unchanged, the plungers of the two-side compression ratio control device 13 are controlled to move upwards so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is reduced, the compression ratio is increased, and the plungers of the two-side compression ratio control device 13 are controlled to move downwards so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber 22 is increased, and the compression ratio is reduced.
The opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine adopts a hydraulic transmission principle, skillfully omits the layout of a double-crankshaft and double-crankshaft multi-gear transmission chain of the traditional opposed piston internal combustion engine, greatly reduces a power transmission chain, reduces the number of parts, and has simple structure and compact layout; in addition, the stroke change of the combustion working contact piston is realized by changing the diameter of a connecting part corresponding to the pistons at the two ends in the hydraulic transmission chain and the diameter of the stroke converter; the volume of hydraulic oil of the hydraulic transmission chain is kept unchanged, and the minimum volume of the combustion chamber is changed through the position of a plunger of a compression ratio controller to realize the change of the compression ratio so as to meet the requirements of different load economic operation working conditions; the combustion work applying process is adopted to carry out pre-compression on the inlet air and the pre-inlet air is carried out in the compression process to realize effective control of the inlet air so as to widen the operation condition of the unit; the heat exchange and external combustion modes are adopted to effectively recycle the exhaust energy so as to improve the energy conversion efficiency.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. An opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine is characterized by comprising a first engine body, wherein a cylinder sleeve is coaxially arranged in the middle of the first engine body; piston guide oil cylinders are connected to the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the engine body respectively; an air inlet is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body and connected with an air inlet control valve, a first air inlet hole is formed in the air inlet side of the first machine body, and a second air inlet hole is formed in the air inlet sides of the first machine body and the cylinder sleeve; an exhaust port is formed in the exhaust side of the machine body, and exhaust holes are formed in the exhaust sides of the machine body I and the cylinder sleeve; the middle parts of the first machine body and the cylinder sleeve are provided with injection devices; the first machine body is connected with the second machine body through a hydraulic power transmission pipe; two oil cylinder sleeves are oppositely arranged in the second machine body, and each oil cylinder sleeve is provided with a hydraulic piston; a crankcase is arranged in the middle of the second machine body, and a crankshaft is arranged in the crankcase; the hydraulic piston is connected with the crankshaft through a piston pin and a connecting rod; two pistons are oppositely arranged in the cylinder sleeve, the heads of the pistons are arranged in the cylinder sleeve, the piston connecting rod is arranged in the piston guide oil cylinder and limited by the cylinder sleeve and the piston guide oil cylinder, and the pistons can reciprocate left and right; the opposite pistons transmit power generated by combustion work to a power output hydraulic piston connected with the crankshaft through a hydraulic transmission chain, so that the crankshaft is driven to output power; the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the inner cavity of an exhaust side of the engine body, the outer wall surface of the guide section of the piston guide oil cylinder of the exhaust side, the inner wall surface of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the piston of the exhaust side form an exhaust compression chamber, a water sprayer is fixed on the exhaust side, and the head of the water sprayer is arranged in the exhaust compression chamber;
the following heat exchange mode and/or external combustion mode are/is adopted by the exhaust compression chamber to effectively recycle the energy of the exhaust gas:
a heat exchange mode: the discharged waste gas is subjected to heat exchange heating on the exhaust compression chamber in the process of passing from the exhaust hole to the exhaust port;
an external combustion mode: when the hydraulic piston moves to the bottom dead center, water preheated by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust port is sprayed into the exhaust compression chamber through the water sprayer to become steam, so that the pressure in the exhaust compression chamber is continuously increased; and the piston is driven to move from two sides of the combustion chamber to the center of the combustion chamber under the combined action of pressure pushing of the exhaust compression chamber and movement of the hydraulic piston from a bottom dead center to a top dead center through pressure conduction of hydraulic oil.
2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic transmission chain is formed by filling hydraulic oil in a cavity formed by the bottom surface of the piston connecting rod, the inner wall surface of the piston guide oil cylinder, the inner wall surface of the hydraulic power transmission pipe, the inner wall surface of the oil cylinder sleeve and the top surface of the hydraulic piston.
3. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a stroke converter is provided on the hydraulic drive chain for limiting the diameter of the piston connecting rod and the hydraulic piston to achieve variable stroke of the combustion working contact piston and the power output hydraulic piston.
4. An internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the compression ratio control means is fixed to the stroke converter, the plunger in the compression ratio control means is reciprocable in the stroke converter, and the plunger controlling the compression ratio control means on both sides moves up or down so that the minimum volume of the combustion chamber is reduced or increased and the compression ratio is increased or reduced.
5. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the engine body, the first air inlet hole, the second air inlet hole, the air inlet control valve, the outer wall surface of the guide section of the guide oil cylinder of the piston at the air inlet side, the inner wall surface of the support seat and the bottom surface of the head of the piston at the air inlet side form an air inlet compression chamber; the air inlet compression chamber is utilized, and two modes of pre-compressing the air inlet in the combustion working process and pre-air inlet in the compression process are adopted to realize effective air inlet control, so that the running condition of the unit is widened.
6. The internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal centerline of the crankcase disposed in the second housing coincides with the central plane of the combustion chamber, ensuring equal left and right mass of the internal combustion engine.
7. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the piston and the hydraulic piston are symmetrically arranged and move towards each other, counteracting the inertia forces of the piston and the hydraulic piston.
8. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the injection device is embodied as any one of a fuel injector or a water injector.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010954333.3A CN112211723B (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010954333.3A CN112211723B (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Opposed piston single-shaft internal combustion engine |
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| CN112211723A CN112211723A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
| CN112211723B true CN112211723B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1103408C (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-03-19 | 赵硕颀 | Internal combustion engine with hydraulic drive |
| CN1837588A (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2006-09-27 | 颜民 | Bi-directional multi-effect internal combustion engine |
| CN102425494B (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-04-24 | 欧益忠 | Hydraulic control type opposed piston engine |
| PL225376B1 (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2017-04-28 | Gaj Jabłoński Wojciech | Combustion engine |
| CN109958533B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-09 | 浙江大学 | Hydraulic engine |
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